Background:Teledentistry is the use of digital communication technologies to provide remote dental care, which offers innovative solutions to enhance access, efficiency, and patient outcomes. Purpose:This article evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of teledentistry compared to in-person gold-standard examinations, primarily in restorative dentistry. Materials and Method:A systematic search of literature was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus databases, covering studies from 2015 and 2024. Due to methodological heterogeneity and limited comparable studies, meta-analysis was only feasible for the field of restorative dentistry, and other specialties were analyzed descriptively. Furthermore, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess bias, which manifested a moderate-to-low risk of bias. Results:The results of 4 studies in restorative dentistry demonstrated a moderate sensitivity of 77.2% (95% CI 62.5-87.4%) and a high specificity of 89.1% (95% CI 70.5-96.5%). While significant heterogeneity persisted (I² = 68% for sensitivity and 92% for specificity), sensitivity analyses confirmed robust pooled estimates unaffected by individual study removal. This was attributable to methodological variations in diagnostic thresholds and image capture protocols despite uniform smartphone photography. On the other hand, descriptive analysis of studies in other fields revealed variable diagnostic accuracy, with teledentistry showing promise in orthodontics and prosthodontics but limitations in endodontics. Conclusion:The findings suggest teledentistry as a useful diagnostic tool in restorative dentistry, though it is not yet a complete substitute for in-person examinations. However, the generalizability of these findings to other dental specialties remains low due to the lack of an adequate number of relevant studies. Moreover, insufficient data exist to support the positive role of artificial intelligence (AI) in combination with tele-dentistry. Therefore, future work should prioritize standardized AI-tele-dentistry validation and expand research across diverse specialties to strengthen evidence.

Background: Oral self-examination refers to looking for symptoms of disease in the mouth. Studies carried out so far in the field of Mouth Self-examination (MSE) have mentioned this technique as a way to screen for precancerous and cancerous lesions. The current study was aimed at examining the patterns of MSE of the oral mucosa in patients referred to the oral medicine department. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 165 patients. The questionnaire employed in this study included 21 items related to demographic characteristics and MSE patterns, and was finally analyzed by chi-square and Fisher's exact tests after confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, as well as the data obtained from completing the questionnaires. Results: The majority of respondents were female (60.6%), and 97.5% of them had at some point performed MSE. In 75.2% of cases, MSE was performed through observation in the mirror, with 91.9% of patients noticing changes in their mouths. After discovering changes in their mouths, 87.6% of them experienced anxiety, and 59.6% thought of the possibility of cancer in the mouth. It should be noted that only in 13% of the examined patients did the final diagnosis confirm the presence of a malignancy. There was a significant relationship between the respondents' personal perception of their depression or anxiety and thinking about the possibility of mouth cancer (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The present research may be considered a preliminary study, the results of which introduce intermittent and frequent MSE as a possible factor for the occurrence or exacerbation of anxiety and cancerphobia in patients for the first time, and its confirmation necessitates further studies. Furthermore, since the patients of this community perform MSE at a higher-than-expected percentage, future studies are recommended to investigate the participants' psychological profiles.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative, non-invasive, and selective treatment approach that has gained attention as an adjunctive treatment in periodontitis. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an opportunistic periodontopathogen known for its ability to form biofilms. The objective of this in vitro study was to determine the anti-virulence effect of nano-quercetin (N-QT)-mediated PDT on the expression of a gene associated with biofilm formation of A. actinomycetemcomitans. After synthesis and characterization of N-QT by transmission electron microscopes (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, the effects of different concentrations of N-QT and energy densities of diode laser alone on cell viability of A. actinomycetemcomitans were evaluated. A. actinomycetemcomitans was then treated by sub-lethal doses of diode laser emitting light in the presence of sub-lethal doses of N-QT. Ultimately, the sub-lethal dose of PDT was used to investigate the metabolic activity of A. actinomycetemcomitans, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and changes in rcpA, qseB, and qseC genes expression using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method. According to the results, TEM, DLS, zeta potential, and FTIR confirmed the synthesis of N-QT. PDT with concentrations of 16 to 512 µg/mL of N-QT alone and irradiation for 6 min with an energy density of 154.8 J/cm2 alone caused a significant decrease in bacterial count (P < 0.05). PDT with 8 µg/mL N-QT and 5-min irradiation achieved the highest metabolic activity reduction (42.9

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, significantly impairs oral health and quality of life. Artificial saliva formulations can provide symptomatic relief and protect oral tissues. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a xylitol/erythritol-based Carbomer gel as an artificial saliva substitute. The gel formulation was prepared and characterized for physicochemical properties, mucoadhesion, and antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), biofilm inhibition, and biofilm disruption were assessed using standardized microbiological assays with triplicate replicates. The formulated gel demonstrated optimal pH ( 8), appropriate viscosity, and a mucoadhesive duration of 50 min. Compared to a commercial control (Mucosamin), the gel showed superior antimicrobial effects with MIC and MBC values of X/256 and X/128, respectively. Biofilm inhibition reached 72.3

Background: Zingiber officinale (ginger) is a plant with versatile medicinal properties that have been used in traditional medicine for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Its bioactive compounds, such as gingerols and shogaols, have shown inhibitory effects on a wide range of microorganisms, making it a potential alternative to antibiotics. Purpose: This review aims to thoroughly evaluate the current literature surrounding ginger antimicrobial effects in the field of oral health. Methods: A search of databases including Google Patents, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, using keywords ''ginger,'' ''Zingiber officinale,'' ''oral pathogens,'' ''antimicrobial activity,'' ''oral health,'' and ''ginger extracts,'' was performed. Applying rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria for published studies between January 2009 and May 2025 in the English language narrowed the selection. Results: Ginger extract has been effective against oral pathogens like Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, which can cause dental caries and periodontal diseases. Studies have compared the antimicrobial efficacy of ginger with common agents like chlorhexidine, showing promising results. Additionally, research has shown that combining ginger with other natural agents can augment its antimicrobial activity, offering a potentially more effective treatment for oral health issues. Conclusion: As the demand for natural alternatives to antibiotics grows, ginger may continue to play a significant role in the future of oral health care, offering a natural, effective, and sustainable treatment option for oral infections. The lack of standardized ginger formulations and limited research on the long-term effects of ginger on oral tissues highlight areas requiring further investigation. Clinical trials are crucial to validate ginger antimicrobial efficacy in real-world settings and to assess potential adverse effects. The optimal formulation, dosage, and clinical application of ginger for various oral infections remain unclear.

Background Burning mouth syndrome is one of the most prevalent complications of the oral cavity with unclear etiology, which has led to offering inconclusive treatments. Due to limited studies on the effects of oral solution form of capsaicin on BMS, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of capsaicin in the treatment of burning mouth in patients. Methods In this double-blind clinical trial study, 22 eligible female patients suffering from burning mouth were randomly divided into 2 case and control groups. In the case group, subjects dissolved 10 drops of capsaicin oral solution in 1 tablespoon of water and swished 2 times a day for 1 minute in their mouth for 30 days. The same way of consumption was prescribed for the control group that used the placebo solution. Vitamin B and zinc supplements were also given to both groups. In both groups, the amount of burning mouth was assessed by visual analog scale, the amount of non-stimulating saliva was determined by Schirmer's test, and the amount of xerostomia and the quality of life were recorded by standard questionnaires on days 0 and 30 of the intervention. Results The findings of this research exhibited that the variables of burning mouth, xerostomia, amount of non-stimulating saliva, and quality of life in the capsaicin group show a significant difference before and after the intervention (p value < 0.05). However, there was no prominent difference between the capsaicin and placebo groups at day 30 regarding the 4 mentioned variables (p value > 0.05). Conclusions It was concluded that the use of 10 drops of capsaicin oral solution in one tablespoon of water twice a day for 30 days, along with the consumption of vitamin B and zinc supplements, cannot improve burning mouth sensation, non-stimulating saliva, xerostomia, and quality of life levels compared to placebo. Nonetheless, it was observed that in the capsaicin group, all the mentioned parameters were slightly improved after the intervention. Trial registration The study’s protocol followed the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the ethics committee of the Islamic Azad University Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran (IR.IAU.DENTAL.REC.1400.155) on 01/10/2022, and it was subscribed to the Iranian registry of clinical trials (IRCT20220117053748N1). The protocol of the study is available on https//irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/61360.

Background: This manuscript investigated the link between dry mouth and oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Xerostomia, or dry mouth, results from reduced saliva production and can cause difficulties in speaking, swallowing, and maintaining oral hygiene. It significantly impacts OHQoL, leading to discomfort and a higher risk of dental problems, which affects overall well-being.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 209 patients with cardiovascular diseases referred to Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah. The standard Fox questionnaire was used to assess xerostomia and OHQoL, measured using a 14-step OHIP-14 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25, Pearson’s correlation test, linear regression, and T-test with a significance level of P < 0.05.Results: The mean age of patients was 62.3 years, with 46.4% being female. The average score for OHQoL was 25.1 ± 7.3 (total score: 56). Dry mouth was reported by 68.6% of patients, with a mean score of 8.6 ± 3.2 (total score: 36). There was a direct and significant correlation between the total QoL score and dry mouth (P = 0.001). Direct and significant correlations were also found for the subscales of functional limitation (P = 0.001), mental distress (P = 0.006), physical disability (P = 0.001), social disability (P = 0.009), and handicap (P = 0.001). There was a significant difference in the mean score of QoL based on the patient’s age (P = 0.01), number of medications used (P = 0.001), and underlying diseases (P = 0.001).Conclusion: The study showed that dry mouth decreases the OHQoL in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 113 individuals, including 38 menopausal women, 39 non-menopausal women, and 36 men, all of whom were qualified and matched in terms of various factors. Solutions of sucrose, citric acid, sodium chloride, caffeine, and monosodium glutamate were evaluated for their taste threshold. There was no significant difference between non-menopausal women and men in the distribution of the study subjects according to the taste threshold perception in different types of sweets (P=0.911), but between menopausal women and non-menopausal women, as well as the group men had a significant difference and postmenopausal women had a higher taste threshold than both groups (P<0.0001) and (P=0.002). In the taste of sourness, there was no significant difference between non-menopausal women and men (P=0.058), also there was no significant difference between menopausal women and men (P=1.000), but there was a significant difference between menopausal women and non-menopausal women, and menopausal women had a higher taste threshold than non-menopausal women (P=0.033). Still, a significant difference was observed between menopausal women and non-menopausal women, with menopausal women having a higher taste threshold than non-menopausal women (P=0.005). Additionally, a significant difference was observed between men and non-menopausal women. Men had a higher taste threshold than non-menopausal women (P=0.007). The taste thresholds for sweet, sour, and umami flavors were significantly higher in menopausal women compared to non-menopausal women. Managing menopausal symptoms may reduce these complaints, thereby improving the quality of life for perimenopausal women.

Background:Disturbance in the sense of taste can destroy appetite and change eating habits, causing a significant decrease in the quality of life. The use of opium causes a disturbance in the sense of taste. Opium is a narcotic drug that can cause temporary or permanent damage to the taste system, making it a source of concern in dentistry. This research was conducted to determine the effects of opium consumption on the sensation of the four main tastes. Methods:This study was conducted in a single-masked and descriptive-analytical manner. The study population included 107 opium addicts and 113 smokers who were in the same age group. None of the studied subjects had any systemic disease or consumed herbal or chemical drugs. The four substances, citric acid, sodium chloride, sucrose, and caffeine, were used to evaluate sourness, saltiness, sweetness, and bitterness, respectively. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and the Mann-Whitney U test. P values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Findings:Opium use did not have a significant effect on the perception of sweetness (P=0.437), saltiness (P=0.536), or sourness (P=0.8), but a significant effect was seen concerning the perception of bitterness (P=0.0000002). Conclusion:It seems that opium addicts do not have significant problems in perceiving the taste of sweetness, sourness, and saltiness, but impairment was observed in the perception of bitterness.

Background One of the problems of women after menopause is the occurrence of changes in the taste sense.it could affect on reducing the quality of life .the researcher decided to conduct the present study to express this issue Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 113 people, including 38 menopausal women and 39 non-menopausal women and 36 men who were all qualified and matched in different factors was done. The taste threshold was evaluated by solutions of sucrose, citric acid, sodium chloride, caffeine and monosodium glutamate .The data were recorded after removing confounding items and judged through SPSS version 17 software and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results There was no significant difference between non-menopausal women and men in the distribution of the study subjects according to the taste threshold perception in different types of sweets (p = 0.911), but between menopausal women and non-menopausal women, as well as the group men had a significant difference and postmenopausal women had a higher taste threshold than both groups (p = 0.000) and (p-= 0.002). In the taste of sourness, there was no significant difference between non-menopausal women and men (p = 0.058), also there was no significant difference between menopausal women and men (p = 1), but there was a significant difference between menopausal women and non-menopausal women. and menopausal women had a higher taste threshold than non-menopausal women (p = 0.033). There was no significant difference between menopausal women and men in different types of umami taste (p = 1), but there was a significant difference between menopausal women and non-menopausal women, and menopausal women had a higher taste threshold than non-menopausal women (p = 0.005) Also, there was a significant difference between men and non-menopausal women, and men had a higher taste threshold than non-menopausal women (p = 0.007). There was no significant difference in the distribution of study subjects according to the taste threshold in different concentrations of saltiness and bitterness flavors in all three studied groups (p-= 0.195) (p = 0.091) Conclusions It seems that the taste threshold of sweet, sour and umami flavors was significantly higher in menopausal women compared to non-menopausal women.

Introduction: The dental community has shown interest in the potential of Omega-3 and coenzyme Q10 for reducing inflammation in the periodontium. These antioxidant agents may enhance the outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatments. This study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of CoQ10 and Omega-3 supplements in improving periodontal health and the TAC of saliva in individuals with chronic periodontitis. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 75 individuals were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. These individuals were randomly allocated into three groups. The periodontal examination involved a total of 300 teeth across the three groups. The periodontal parameters of the two molars adjacent to the mandible were measured using a periodontal probe. All patients underwent scaling and root planing. Groups A and B received CoQ10 and Omega-3 respectively, while Group C served as the control. The TAC of the non-stimulated saliva samples was evaluated to assess any changes before and after 2 months. Statistical techniques were employed to compare the CAL index and PPD between the groups under study. Results: The analysis of the gingival index indicated a notable reduction in inflammation within the Omega-3 group compared to both the CoQ10 and control groups, with a nearly 30% decrease observed. Furthermore, the bleeding on probing index within the Omega-3 group demonstrated significant improvements when contrasted with the CoQ10 and control groups, with this decrease being statistically significant. Additionally, the levels of TAC in the patients’ saliva across all three groups exhibited changes when compared to the initial measurements. Conclusion: These findings provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic effects of Omega-3 and CoQ10 supplementation on periodontal health and the antioxidant capacity of saliva.

Background: End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a severe nephrological condition that can lead to permanent kidney damage. Therefore, early disease diagnosis is key to preventing casualties. The gold standard method of diagnosis tends to evaluate changes in sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, and parathormone hormones in blood after dialysis. However, serum evaluation is not always possible or easy for patients. Therefore, saliva evaluation has been proposed in recent years as an alternative. Objectives: The current article aims to evaluate metabolite in the saliva of ESRD patients. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 29 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment were selected. Their saliva and serum samples were taken. The number of biochemical factors, including sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, and parathormone hormone, was measured with an autoanalyzer device and related kits. Finally, the correlation of parameters in serum and saliva was examined using the Pearson test. Results: The results showed a significant positive relationship between the levels of sodium, urea, and creatinine in serum and saliva samples (P < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between the serum and saliva levels of potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and PTH (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Due to the significant correlation between some prominent biochemical factors in saliva and serum after hemodialysis in ESRD patients, saliva could be considered a non-invasive diagnostic fluid for monitoring kidney disease in the future.

Introduction: The widespread prevalence of depression in society is one of the biggest concerns today. Spiritual health affects depression and plays an important role in improving the quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between spiritual health and depression in general and residency dental students of Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 166 students of 5th semester and higher were selected through census. Demographic questionnaires of Palutzian and Ellison spiritual health questionnaire and Beck depression questionnaire were used to collect data. Participants' information was entered into PASS statistical software version 11 and data analysis was performed using ANOVA tests and correlation coefficients. Results: In the study, 166 students were included by census. Among all the factors measured, marital status had a direct and significant relationship with spiritual health (P=0.022). Moreover, the history of physical and mental illness had an inverse and significant relationship with spiritual health (P=0.034). Educational status and history of physical and mental illness had a statistically direct and significant relationship with depression (P=0.014, P=0.064). People who had no history of physical or mental illness and were married had higher spiritual health, and people who studied in higher semesters and had a history of physical and mental illness had more depression. Finally, spiritual health and depression showed an inverse and significant relationship (P≤0.0001). Conclusion: A study of the results obtained from dentistry students showed that there was a significant and inverse correlation between spiritual health and depression.

Background and Aim: Delayed detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been a major hindrance in curbing the current COVID-19 pandemic. Wide spread testing is the most practical way out of the current crisis. The current gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis is real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swabs. However, collecting nasopharyngeal swabs causes discomfort to patients due to the procedure’s invasiveness, limiting compliance for repeat testing, and the procedure presents a considerable risk to healthcare workers. Therefore, developing rapid and convenient ways of testing for COVID-19 will greatly enhance the capacity of testing. Alternatively, saliva is a promising candidate for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. The purpose of this review is to provide an update and review of the composition of the latest research and to compare the various methods and techniques developed for the diagnosis of COVID-19 by saliva.

Introduction:Sublingual varices (SLVs) are among the most prevalent oral lesions, which develop with aging. We aimed to find the prevalence of SLVs among seniors in two nursing homes and evaluate the possible linked factors.Materials and Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Kahrizak Alborz and razy allah razi Al-Waledain nursing homes in 2019. The list of all seniors over 60 years old was prepared then; after explaining the aim of the study and obtaining their consent, a well-trained senior dentistry student examined them for the presence of SLVs. At the same time, factors, including age, gender, smoking, oral prosthesis, leg varices, high blood pressure, and literacy level, were recorded. The role of each feature was analyzed by Chi-square test using SPSS (version 22; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).Results:The study performed on 478 nursing home residents showed an SLVs' prevalence of 56.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 52.3-60). SLVs were significantly correlated with gender (P<0.001), age P<0.01), smoking status (P<0.001), complete denture usage (P<0.01), and leg varicosity status (P<0.0001).Conclusions:It appears that SLVs are highly prevalent in senior adults. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the possible presence of SLVs and avoid unnecessary interventions.

Aims & background Pilocarpine is an accepted treatment for xerostomia, but limited research has been conducted on the oral, topical form. The present study aimed to compare the effects of 1 and 2% pilocarpine mouthwash on xerostomic participants. Methods In this double-blind clinical trial study, 48 subjects with xerostomia were randomly divided into three groups to measure the effects of 1 and 2% pilocarpine and placebo mouthwashes on saliva levels. The amount of saliva in the 1st and 14th days was measured at 0, 45, 60, and 75 mins, while participants used their mouthwash three times a day for 14 days. On the 1st and 14th days, they filled out the information forms on xerostomia and the medicine’s side effects before and after the intervention. Results On the 1st day, the mean salivary flow at 45, 60, and 75 mins in the 2 and 1% pilocarpine mouthwash were significantly higher than in the placebo mouthwash group ( p < 0.05). On the 14th day, the mean salivary flow time at 45 mins in the 2% pilocarpine mouthwash group was significantly higher than in the placebo mouthwash group ( p = 0.007). Furthermore, the mean salivary flow at 60 and 75 mins in the 2% ( p < 0.001) and 1% pilocarpine mouthwash ( p = 0.028) was significantly higher than in the placebo group. Moreover, the salivary flow in the 2% pilocarpine mouthwash group was significantly higher than the 1% pilocarpine mouthwash ( p < 0.05) during these two times. No side effects were observed in any of the subjects. Conclusions The study showed that 5 ml of 2 and 1% pilocarpine mouthwash for 2 weeks increased salivary flow in xerostomic participants compared to placebo without any side effects.

Background and Aim: Tooth mobility, which is prevalent among patients seeking dental healthcare services, happens when the tooth is reversibly displaced horizontally or vertically beyond its normal physiological limits. Tooth mobility is classified into 2 subgroups: localized and generalized. Generalized tooth mobility occurs when more than 2 teeth are mobile. In this review, the available studies regarding the common etiologies of generalized tooth mobility are discussed. Materials and Methods: In this review article, data were collected by reviewing the available articles published between 2011 to 2021 in national and international journals by searching the PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Embase databases using the key words “Tooth Mobility”, “Tooth Movement” “Periodontal Disease”, “Systemic Disease”, and “Malignant Disease”. Among the relevant articles, 51 were chosen. Results: It seems that numerous etiologies, which can be either physiological or pathological, can result in generalized tooth mobility. Conclusion: Since an optimal treatment outcome depends on accurate diagnosis, it is crucial for the dentists to be aware of the common etiologies of this condition.

Background and Objective: Candidiasis is one of the most common diseases in the oral cavity. Due to the side effects of chemical mouthwashes, the use of antifungal herbs has increased significantly. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effect of Ginger (Vi-one) mouthwash on the growth of Candida albicans under in vitro conditions. Methods: In this experimental in vitro study, 32 special solid culture media were prepared. 15 special solid culture media containing discs and wells impregnated with ginger mouthwash (Vi-one) and 15 special solid culture media with discs and wells of nystatin extract were prepared. Moreover, two blank sterile cultures with disks and wells containing no mouthwash or extract were prepared. These plates were placed in microaerophilic conditions with the presence of carbon dioxide and were transferred to the incubator at 37°C for 48 hours. After 48 hours, the zone of inhibition was determined using standard methods. Findings: Agar well diffusion method revealed that the zone of inhibition for ginger mouthwash equaled 23.6±0.33mm and for Nystatin equaled 28.2±1.2. Agar disc diffusion method revealed that zone of inhibition for ginger mouthwash equaled 18.3±1 and for Nystatin equaled 28.3±0.1 (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that ginger mouthwash (Vi-one) compared to nystatin extract can be effective against the growth of Candida albicans under in vitro conditions.

Corona virus epidemic has caused a widespread disaster around the world. In studies, there are pieces of evidence of olfactory and taste dysfunction in patients with Covid-19. These symptoms occur independently or can be associated with other symptoms such as dry cough. The mechanism of the above-mentioned disorders and their clinical features in patients are not yet known. The rate of incidence of olfactory dysfunction in patients has been varied from 29.64% to 75.23% and the rate of incidence of taste dysfunction among the people can be different from 20.46% to 68.95%. Therefore, clinicians including ENT specialists and dentists should pay attention to the symptoms of anosmia and ageusia in these patients to prevent delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatments. In this review article, data have been collected by searching the available articles in the domestic and foreign journals using databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Embase with key words of Anosmia, Ageusia, Dysgeusia, Covid-19, and Coronavirus from 2019 to 2020. Among the relevant references, 38 authoritative articles were chosen. The data showed that it seems olfactory and taste function disorders are the obvious symptoms of Covid-19, which can occur independently or with other symptoms, but the pathogenesis is not well specified yet. Therefore, further studies are required to achieve a reliable result in this area.