Harm reduction also called damage limitation. risk reduction, and harm minimization is a social policy which prioritizes the aim of decreasing the negative effects of drug use. H a m reduction is becoming the major alternative drug policy to abstentionism, which prioritizes the aim of decreasing the prevalence or incidence of drug use. Harm reduction has its main roots in the scientific public health model, with deeper roots in humnitarianism and libertarianism. It therefore contrasts with abstentionism, which is rooted in the punitive law enforcement model, and in medical and religious paternalism.

(1961). Hypnosis as related to the scientific detection of deception by polygraph examination: A pilot study. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 309-311.