The article examines the concepts of resolving power and spatial resolution (linear, limiting, diffraction) in analog (photographic) and digital (optoelectronic) aerospace ERS systems. It was found that the foreign criterion for assessing the limiting geometric resolution of the remote sensing system of remote sensing on the terrain, the GSD criterion, is inadequate for assessing the linear spatial resolution. Its use in the design of the remote sensing system impedes the matching of the lens and the digital detector according to the Nyquist criterion. This leads to information and financial losses. It is shown that the GSD criterion characterizes the minimum size of an object perceived by the remote sensing system on the earth’s surface, and not the minimum distance between two separately observed (resolvable) objects, that is, the concept of “limiting resolution” is closer to the concept of “sharpness” of the image, and not to the concepts of “resolution” and “spatial resolution”, and therefore cannot be used to assess the spatial resolution and design of the remote sensing system. It was found that to assess the quality and design of ERS systems, it is necessary to use the Russian criterion for assessing the instrumental linear spatial resolution of ERS systems on the terrain, the RSS criterion, which gives a real assessment of the spatial resolution, allows the projected ERS systems to be matched according to the Nyquist criterion with a design excellence factor equal to one (K = 1), and provides the ability to achieve the diffraction limit of the linear spatial resolution of the ERS systems on the terrain. In order to avoid further erroneous use of the foreign GSD criterion in the Russian Federation, it is proposed to standardize the domestic RSS criterion with the Russian GOST and use it to assess the quality and design of remote sensing systems.
This article presents a brief description of the life of one of our legendary contemporaries, who sat at the control panel of the device that communicated between two great people who initiated the era of cosmonautics, S. P. Korolyov and Yu. A. Gagarin, during the first manned flight into space. L. I. Gusev was the liaison between the General Designer and the first cosmonaut of the Earth during this epoch-making event. Today it is already obvious to everyone that without its complexes of radio engineering, telemetric and trajectory measurements, it would be impossible to explore outer space. Enterprises and organizations led by L. I. Gusev, took an active part in all key events in the Russian space industry — from the launch of the First artificial Earth satellite to the development, creation and operation of modern space complexes and systems in all areas of space activity.
The article focuses on the issues of creating promising space technologies, their general characteristics, and special features. The basic principles for creating and implementing key navigation-ballistic technologies, which help ensure efficient control of spacecraft, are substantiated. A classification of the technologies is proposed based on the characteristics most often used in the area under consideration. Two bar charts of a typical technological cycle of navigation-ballistic support with the possibility of processing a joint sample of measurements of current navigation parameters and recurrent Kalman processing algorithms are analyzed. A variant of a general classification of technologies that allows singling out and correlating different types and classes of technologies is given. This contributes (especially at the early stages) to the improvement of the efficiency of their development.
The paper solves the problem of space debris monitoring to ensure the safety of space exploration. Space debris fragments are small-sized control objects with angular sizes up to 0.002 arcsecond. Therefore, optoelectronic systems of high resolution and permeability allowing one to measure the coordinates and recognize these weak control objects with a given accuracy and probability having integral brightness up to +18 stellar magnitude are necessary for the location (search, detection, measurement, and identification) of space debris fragments. To solve the optical location problems of space debris the Part I of the article proposes the concept of building a ground-based optoelectronic control system. The system consists of three consecutive and interrelated information channels: an image formation channel based on the matrix of individual telescopes and aperture synthesis technology; image detection channel based on scanning raster detectors and photon counting technology in the image; and image processing channel based on digital correlation compensation technology of atmospheric distortions. Advantages of a matrix of separate telescopes, photodetection and correlation processing are noted in the article. The proposed concept is protected by a patent of the Russian Federation, which is discussed in detail in Part II.
Статья посвящена совершенному проектированию оптико-электронной аппаратуры (ОЭА) космических аппаратов дистанционного зондирования Земли (КА ДЗЗ) на базе критериев оценки предельного инструментального разрешения КА ДЗЗ на местности.Рассматриваются два критерия: известный зарубежный критерий оценки геометрического разрешения Ground Sample Distance (GSD-критерий) и новый отечественный критерий оценки линейного разрешения, предложенный в холдинге «Российские космические системы» (РКС-критерий
The aim of this paper is to improve the scientific and methodological support of identification tasks when specifying the parameters of spacecraft motion. The article examines a systematic approach to ensuring the specification of the ballistic coefficient in the mathematical model of the spacecraft motion. For emergency situations, an approach was used that takes into account the object–system “task–solution tool”, which allows taking into account the errors of all elements of the navigation tool. The introduced structural property “generalized observability” makes it possible to solve the problem of Sb refinement in traditional and non-traditional conditions in the practice of operational navigation and ballistic support of spacecraft flight.
АО «Российские космические системы», Москва
КОСМИЧЕСКИЕ НАВИГАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ПРИБОРЫ.РАДИОЛОКАЦИЯ И РАДИОНАВИГАЦИЯ УД К 629.78 Основные положения концепции развития российского сегмента международной системы поиска и спасания КОСПАС-САРСАТ А. А. Романов 1 , А. Н. Кузенков 2 , А. Е. Тюлин 3 , А. Д. Куропятников 4 , К. В. Борисов 5 , О. В. Кем 6 , В. А. Заичко 7 1 д.т. н., профессор, 2-4 к. т. н. 1-3 АО «Российские космические системы» 4 ФГУП «Морсвязьспутник», Россия 5-7 Государственная корпорация «Роскосмос», Россия e-mail:
КОСМИЧЕСКИЕ НАВИГАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ПРИБОРЫ. РАДИОЛОКАЦИЯ И РАДИОНАВИГАЦИЯУДК 681
Малоразмерные космические аппаратымониторинга подвижных объектов ОАО «Российские космические системы»: состояние и перспективы
