The aim of study was to assess road traffic injuries in relation with theirlocalisation and severity. Material and methods: A sample of 3521 patients suffering fromroad traffic injuries and assisted in “Sf. Ioan” Emergency Unit, Iaoi, Romania was assessregarding age group, sex and residence area, type of lesions and ther localisation and severity,between 2002-2009. Data were collected using a special epidemiological inquiry and processedusing SPSS and MS Excel statistical softs. Results: The incidence of road traffic injuriesincreased during the last decade, with a report men/women of 1.5, urban and 21-30 age grouppredominance. The most frequent were leg fractures (16.7%) and thoracal contusions (19.1%),cranial and facial trauma (32.4%), with open injuries (10.5%). Conclusions: Preventionprogrammes with a high efficiency at the national level, as well as a concret identification ofrisk factors with a multidisciplinar approach of road traffic accidents, are needed.

THE AIM OF STUDY:To assess some risk factors and their involvement in female breast tumours etiology.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study was performed on a sample of 67 patients registered with breast tumours, at family phisicians' offices from Iasi, Romania.RESULTS:Some risk factors were defined such as: nuliparity (20.8%) and first pregnancy after age 30 (34.3%); fibrous mastopathy in personal history (73.1% of cases with breast cancer) and breast cancer in siblings of first (8.9%) and second grade (11.9%). Relative to lifestyle, sedentary life was remarked in 59.2% of patients; modification of circadian rhythm in 28.3%, and excesive caffeine consumption in 80.9% of cases.CONCLUSIONS:Further prevention and educational programs on breast tumoural risk factors are needed in Romania, even at female teenage, performed by family physician.

UNLABELLED:The aim of study was to assess road traffic injuries in relation with their localisation and severity.MATERIAL AND METHODS:A sample of 3521 patients suffering from road traffic injuries and assisted in "Sf. Ioan" Emergency Unit, Iaşi, Romania was assess regarding age group, sex and residence area, type of lesions and ther localisation and severity, between 2002-2009. Data were collected using a special epidemiological inquiry and processed using SPSS and MS Excel statistical softs.RESULTS:The incidence of road traffic injuries increased during the last decade, with a report men/women of 1.5, urban and 21-30 age group predominance. The most frequent were leg fractures (16.7%) and thoracal contusions (19.1%), cranial and facial trauma (32.4%), with open injuries (10.5%).CONCLUSIONS:Prevention programmes with a high efficiency at the national level, as well as a concret identification of risk factors with a multidisciplinar approach of road traffic accidents, are needed.

AIM:To assess road traffic injuries according to some descriptive parameters.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study was carried out on a series of 5374 patients admitted to emergency rooms at Iasi (n=3050), Botosani (n=1187), and Vaslui (n=l137), between 2005 and 2010.RESULTS:Most frequently, the patient was a young, male adult, with cranial cerebral trauma, leg fracture, forearm contusion, or polytrauma, presenting to the emergency room most commonly in the month of August, weekends, and interval noon-dawn interval.CONCLUSIONS:The impact of road trauma epidemic would facilitate a better adaptation of the medical staff to case dynamics and increase the efficacy of primary prevention programs.

MATERIAL AND METHOD:The study has been conducted on a period of ten years and it included 1570 children with congenital abnormalities (CA), of which 371 (24%) were cardiac abnormalities, 312 (20%) were skeletal abnormalities, 55 (3%) were Down Syndrome and 832 (53%) were other pathologies.RESULTS:48% of the 371 children that were diagnosed with cardiac CA were males, while 52% were females; 52% of the children were from the city, while 48% were from the country-side; 42% of the children have been born prematurely, while 58% of them have been born at normal term. 38% of the children had an APGAR score lower than 7 and 62% of them had an APGAR score higher than 7. Of the total number of births, 72% were caesarian births and 28% were natural births. The different types of Cardiac CA that have been encountered in the study were atrioventricular canal (56%), transposition of the great vessels (18%), common arterial trunk (10%), atrial septal defect (8%), ventricular septal defect (5%) and tetralogy of Fallot (3%). 66% of the total number of deaths were represented by those with cardiac pathology, 21% were caused by hydrocephalus, 7% were caused by diaphragmatic hernia, 4% had renal CA, while 2% were caused by other pathologies.

UNLABELLED The aim of study was to assess some investigations in female patients with benign and malignant breast diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed on a sample of 104 patients registered with breast tumors, at family physicians' offices from Iasi, Romania. RESULTS Impaired glucose tolerance was associated with 34.2% of patient with breast tumors, and hypercholesterolemia with 25.9% of them. Anatomo-pathological assessments included aspiration puncture and biopsy, extemporaneous biopsy, and paraffin-embedded exam. Invasive carcinoma was the most frequent histo-pathological type (42.1%). CONCLUSIONS; Further investigations on tumor markers are needed in all patients with in situ neoplasia and breast carcinomas.

The aim of study was to assess some risk factors and their involvement in female breast tumours etiology. Material and methods. The study was performed on a sample of 67 patients registered with breast tumours, at family phisicians' offices from Iasi, Romania. Results. Some risk factors were defined such as: nuliparity (20.8%) and first pregnancy after age 30 (34.3%); fibrous mastopathy in personal history (73.1% of cases with breast cancer) and breast cancer in siblings of first (8.9%) and second grade (11.9%). Relative to lifestyle, sedentary life was remarked in 59.2% of patients; modification of circadian rhythm in 28.3%, and excesive caffeine consumption in 80.9% of cases. Conclusions. Further prevention and educational programs on breast tumoural risk factors are needed in Romania, even at female teenage, performed by family physician.

UNLABELLED Congenital abnormalities (CA) are deviations from the normal embryonic development that appear antenatal and they are characterized by the alteration of the morphology and function of an organ, system of organs or even of the entire body. MATERIAL AND METHOD The study, on a period of eight years, included 1685 children with CA, from which 58% were males and 50% were from the country-side. RESULTS It has been observed that 36% of the CA cases were premature births and 64% were normal term births. Also, 21% of the children with CA weighed less than 2700 grams at birth and 79% weighed more than 2700 grams at birth. The birth's APGAR score has been less than 7 in 30% of the cases and higher than 7 in 70% of the cases. 72% of the cases were natural births and 28% were caesarian births. 88% of the CA cases were singular congenital abnormalities and 12% were multiple congenital abnormalities. 24% of the CA were cardiac abnormalities and 21% were skeletal abnormalities. 3% of the subjects of the study have died, of which 69% died from cardiac abnormalities, 22% from hydrocephalus abnormalities, 7% from diaphragmatic hernia and 2% from renal congenital abnormalities.

Material and methods: The study include a series of132 cases of domestic violence (DV) accounting for 58% of the 228 homicides recordedbetween 1997 and 2008 in the Neamt county. Data were processed and interpreted based onepidemiological, statistic and mathematical computer-based methods. Results: In 1998, in theNeamt county, 0.69%ooo homicides were recorded as compared to 2.56 at country level. In2000, the rate of homicides by DV had significantly increased, reaching 12.3%ooo, comparedto 4.5%ooo at the national level. The prevalence of homicides by DV, according to environment,gender, age groups and other features is presented. Conclusions: Domestic violence ishard to control, this phenomenon being uncommon to Romanian society, but represents a majorsocial and public health problem.

MATERIAL AND METHODSThe study include a series of 132 cases of domestic violence (DV) accounting for 58% of the 228 homicides recorded between 1997 and 2008 in the Neamt county. Data were processed and interpreted based on epidemiological, statistic and mathematical computer-based methods.RESULTSIn 1998, in the Neamt county, 0.69 per thousand homicides were recorded as compared to 2.56 at country level. In 2000, the rate of homicides by DV had significantly increased, reaching 12.3 per thousand, compared to 4.5 per thousand at the national level. The prevalence of homicides by DV, according to environment, gender, age groups and other features is presented.CONCLUSIONSDomestic violence is hard to control, this phenomenon being uncommon to Romanian society, but represents a major social and public health problem.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:Clinical epidemiological study, carried out during 2006-2008, on a sample of 1219 patients in preventive therapeutic follow-up in three offices of family practice; 49.3% males and 50.6% females, 80.3% from urban and 19.6% from rural, included in 6 occupational categories.RESULTS:The prevalence of familial antecedent at cardiovascular risk was, for those three FP offices: arterial hypertension (AHT) - 66.9% (A); 52.0% (B), and 64.8% (C); chronic ischemic cardiopathy (CIC) - 71.5% (A); 70.9% (B), and 67.9% (C); myocardial infarction (MI) - 20.8% (A); 24.4% (B), and 25.7% (C); diabetes mellitus (DM)- 24.1% (A); 36.2% (B), and 38.6% (C); obesity - 55.5% (A); 67.8% (B), and 65.7% (C); dyslipidemia - 66.6% (A); 59.9% (B), and 64.1% (C). Personal pathological antecedents, for all the FP offices, the prevalence values were: dyslipidemia - 84.4; AHT - 80.7; CIC - 63.1; obesity - 53.4; MI - 30.6; DM - 31.2; rhythm troubles - 17.4; cardiac failure - 7.9; stroke - 7.6%.

MATERIAL AND METHOD:A retro-prospective study was carried out on a sample of 678 patients suffering from ankylosing spondilitis (AS), admitted in the Clinic of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation Hospital, Iaşi.RESULTS:The analysis highlighted that 86.8% were males, with a soft predominance of urban area (57.1%). Over 50% of the entire sample was exposed to risk factors from industrial area; 11.6% from agriculture; 10.5%--various categories of intellectuals, and 17.8% included domestic and socioeconomic activities, difficult to estimate. Analysis of temporal interval between onset and diagnosis establishment attested that it was been performed during the first year for 42.7%; next 2-9 years, for 40.1%, and in 17.5% of cases, 10 and over 21 years.CONCLUSION:Difficulties in early diagnosis achievement, in order to obtain optimal therapeutic results and, consequently, reduce the important impact on patient, family and society, placed AS among diseases with serious medical, social and economic involvements.

UNLABELLED:Clinical epidemiological studies bring important information for prevention programmes elaboration, in order to reduce the severe impact of essential arterial hypertension (EAHT) on certain significant proportions of population.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Result of clinical epidemiological studies on a sample of 2888 inpatients are exposed; 1258 males, 1630 females; 1554 form urban and 1334 from rural areas; 729 from age groups < 15-30 and 2159 from 31 to = 60.RESULTS:Prevalence of hospitalized cases was greater in females (56.5 / 43.5) and urban area (53.8/46.2); 52.2% belonged to age groups < 15 to 30 and 74.8%, 31 - = 60; 51.4% workers from industry and agriculture. Clinical forms: Ist degree--40.2%; IInd--31.4% ; IIIrd--16.3% and only systolic EAHT--11.9%.COMPLICATIONS:ischemic cardiac disease--54%; stroke--14.5%; periphery vascular disease--25%. A percent of 49.1 needed 6-10 days for one hospitalization and 21.1, 11-15 days.

UNLABELLED:Nowadays, researchers from various fields of study and geographical regions continue to pay attention to viral hepatitis A. Due to a resistant virus, with predominant enteral transmission, with endemic epidemic manifestations and a remarkable clinical polymorphism, affecting children especially, hepatitis A does not chronicize, but, in adults, it is responsible for forms with prolonged evolution and severe, sometimes.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Results of clinical epidemiological and laboratory studies carried on a sample of 10321 patients suffering from hepatitis A, from two lots: 5530, Suceava; 4791, Botosani; 5400, males; 4921 females; age from < 1 to = 55.RESULTS:In Suceava County, the hepatitis A incidence had epidemic values in 1996 (229%000) and 1997 (224%000). The most affected age groups, with hospitalized clinical forms, were 5-14 (42.3%) and 15-24 (24.9%). In Botosani County, epidemic peaks registered in 1999 (213%000), and inter-epidemic in the other years. The most affected age group was of 5-14, with 48.9% from all the admitted cases, but 52% from all cases belonged to age groups over 25.

UNLABELLED:Multi-factorial etiology of essential arterial hypertension (EAHT) can benefit of new data by studies which allow a better knowledge of risk factors and their involvement in the disease pathogenesis. Increase in the prevalence values of EAHT and, as a consequence, of its grave complications, represents the major objectives of prevention programmes.MATERIAL AND METHOD:Authors present a clinical epidemiological study on a sample of 932 patients, 441 men and 491 women, aged from 18 to over 65; 876 from urban area and 56 from rural.RESULTS:Familial antecedents with risk for AHT were assessed: EAHT (36.7%), ischemic cardiopathy (13.3%), myocardial infarct (13.7%), stroke (15%), diabetes mellitus (13.2%), obesity (27.5%), and dyslipidemia (31.8%), as well as body mass index (BMI)--34.9% overweight persons and 32.9% suffering from obesity; repartition on blood groups, behaviour type (A--67.8%), sedentary lifestyle (35.8%), stress (extra-familial--32.1%), active tobacco smoking (52.1%), excess coffee (> 3 cup daily--35.7%), alcohol (10.1%) and salt (31.0%) consumption. Paraclinical investigations included: blood pressure measurement, ECG, and echocardiography. Laboratory results showed hyperglycemia in 17.8% of cases, hypercholesterolemia--70.0% (hypo-HDL--54.3%, hyper-LDL--63.0%), and hypertriglyceridemia in 70.7%.

UNLABELLED:Viral hepatitis A (VHA) maintains the first place among hepatitis with various etiologies, by high levels of morbidity, affecting mainly children and teenagers age groups and, sometimes, with major risks in adults and when over- and co-infected with other hepatitis viruses. It also is involved in travellers' and nosocomial diseases.MATERIAL AND METHOD:The assessment of VHA morbidity data highlighted that VHA registered yearly values between 106.8 and 307.1% hundred thousand inhabitants, both at the national and Suceava County levels, during the period 1970-1995.RESULTS:An important decline (24.8-47.8% hundred thousand) was registered, between 1996 and 2006. In the Suceava County, after the epidemic peaks from '80-'90 decade, with morbidity of 379.1% hundred thousand in 1989 and 331.8% hundred thousand in 1990, inter-epidemic and epidemic periods with reduced amplitude were registered. In 2006, morbidity reached a low value of 15.0% hundred thousand.CONCLUSION:Our study of "comparative epidemiology", on reported cases and those confirmed by hospitalisation, in the Suceava County, highlighted that the later proportion was under 50%, with an increase during 2005 (> 90%). A significant decrease in multi-annual trend of VHA morbidity registered for reported cases but not for those hospitalised.

AIM:To detect risk factors associated with osteoporosis, on two samples of patients investigated using ultrasonic osteo-densitometry method (UOD).OBJECTIVES:To found out the relation between anthropometrical data, factors which describe lifestyle of personal pathologic antecedents and T score obtained after UOD, as well as their classification.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The epidemiological and imaging assessments were carried out on two samples of 364 persons from general population (the A sample), and 144 (the B sample), respectively. The registered variables were processed using adequate statistical tests.RESULTS:In the A sample, over 50% of patients had, after the T score, osteopenia, and 10% suffered from osteoporosis. Concerning the lifestyle, we highlighted: a low lactates consumption (69.7%), coffee (14.3%) and alcohol (0.8%) consumption; sedentary life (48.9%), tobacco smoking (2.2%). The risk quantification by score calculation put in evidence an average of 9.9 +/- 3.3 (for a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 20). In the B sample, the T score varied between 4.77 and 1.67. The assessment of relation between the T score and lifestyle permitted the classification in risk, protection and indifferent factors. Coffee consumption is a weak protection factor (OR = 0.84), and tobacco smoking increases osteoporosis risk 4.13 times. The risk is 3.7 for alcohol consumers, as well as for low lactate consumption (OR=2.87). Sedentary life cannot consider a risk factor, in our research.CONCLUSION:Calculation of a individual score that show the weight risk in persons with densitometric alterations represents a practical method in monitoring persons who can be exposed of some handicap after alterations of bone structures.

UNLABELLED:Multifactorial disease, osteoporosis manifests as a "silent epidemics" characterized by the aggregation of the risk factors, the distribution of which has regional peculiarities.AIM:To determine the demographic, anthropometric, and life style-related factors in relation with T score obtained by measurement of bone mineral density, and the quantification of the detected factors for a correct monitoring of the surveyed population.MATERIAL AND METHOD:The descriptive study was carried out in a series of 364 individuals who underwent outpatient osteodensitometry and were interviewed according to a questionnaire. The risk was quantified by giving a score for each item. Densitometry permitted the calculation of T score, bone mineral density index, and rigidity index. The gathered information was included in a database, then processed and interpreted by using specific tests.RESULTS:The female-male ratio was 29: 1. Mean age was 57.08 +/- 10.03 years and the median 56 years. In 83.6% of the subjects weight was over 60 kg, at a mean height of 1.61 +/- 0.07 m. The prevalence of alcohol, coffee or tobacco consumption was not high, but 69.7% of the subjects were eating a diet low in diary products. The quantification of the global risk revealed that in over half of the subjects under study the score was below the average or dangerous level for developing osteoporosis. T score value showed that over 50% of the subjects had osteopenia, 9.2% manifest osteoporosis, and 39.9% values that include a mineralization deficit.CONCLUSION:The risk for bone changes specific to osteoporosis was low in the urban population under study, a concordance between the reduced probability of osteoporosis resulting from the value of the global score and the results of osteodensitometry being noticed.

Authors present some epidemiological aspects of medical and socioeconomic implications caused by group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (ABHS) infections and by their complications, assessed on 10948 inpatients with angina, 323 with scarlet fever, and 644 with erysipelas, hospitalized in the City of Galati, between 2000-2003. All these three major diseases determined by ABHS needed 79125 days of hospitalization, with an average period of 6.4 days for angina, 76 for scarlet fever, and 10.4 for erysipelas. The costs of the mere hospitalization of these inpatients (11915) amounted to 14,479,543,800 lei. This fact highlights how costly the infections caused by AHBS are.

UNLABELLED:Within the framework of cardiovascular pathology, with an epidemopandemic aspect, the stroke, through its mortality and sequels, represents, worldwide, a major problem of community health. In this context, we present the results of an epidemiological and clinical study, both prospective and interdisciplinary, performed on a sample of 374 inpatients suffering from stroke, hospitalized in the Neurology Ist Clinic of Iaşi, during the period June 2001-June 2004. The characteristics of the studied sample: age--78.8% over 51 years old, sex--53.7% male; residence--51.4% urban; provenance: rural--70.0% (p<0.001); studies: higher education--7.7% ; pensioners--76.2%; passive finding--96.8%; previous hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases and/or diabetes mellitus: 48.2%; blood groups: OI and AII--86.61%. RESULTS:Risk factors for stroke: 56.6%--BMI > 25; "A" behavior type (Bortner's test)--63.8%; stress: familial--74.1% and occupational--25.9%; excess consumption: alcohol--11.4%; salt--32.8%; tobacco--24.9%; passive smoking--10.8%. Releasing and aggravating risk factors: arterial hypertension (AHT)--55.4% (p<0.001); obesity--12.9%; diabetes mellitus--12.5%. Hereditary antecedents: AHT--46.8%; ischemic cardiopathy and myocardial infarction--15.6%; obesity and dyslipidemia--15.0%; stroke--10.8%. CONCLUSIONS:In this study, the multifactorial and associative etiology of stroke is confirmed once more, and the estimate costs of 1.21 milliard lei, only for the 10-day average hospitalization, for each of the 374 inpatients.