This article takes a close look at the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), exploring its importance from legal, political, and economic angles. It fills an important gap by combining these different perspectives to better understand the challenges and benefits of CPEC, especially because it passes through the disputed Kashmir region. Using a mix of legal analysis, examples from similar international cases, and data on trade and economic impact, the study digs into India's claims over the territory and how countries like the UN, EU, and US are reacting to the project. The main goals are to examine the legal arguments for and against CPEC, see how the international community is responding, and assess how the corridor affects trade and diplomacy in the region. The findings show that while CPEC could bring big economic gains to China and Pakistan, it also raises political tensions because of unresolved border disputes and gaps in international law. The article points out how tricky it is to balance economic development with respect for countries' sovereignty and international rules. What makes this article unique is how it connects legal ideas with real-world politics and data, stressing the need for transparent management and open discussions between all parties involved. It offers useful insights for policymakers, legal experts, and anyone interested in the region, highlighting the importance of diplomacy and international law to help CPEC move forward smoothly and peacefully. In short, it shows that projects like CPEC require thoughtful approaches that consider legal, economic, and political issues all at once.

IT Progress by human beings made them dependent on internet accessing sufficient online skills for teacher’s profession. Human progress in technology or ICT helps promotion of online teachers’ professional development. There is one solution for teachers to constantly refine their competencies adapting to recent problems with the help of Teachers' Professional Growth. TPD is a nonstop process to reflect, learn and take action for improved teaching practices that reflects a positive influence on learning of learners. Professionalism in distance learning teaching has been defined as a set of blended educational session. Its aim at finding teacher’s experience to deliver in workshop, visual exposure and their overall impression of the workshop in finding out the difference of experience among faculty members of diverse nature of faculties in KIU Gilgit. For data collection, the research-oriented questionnaire was distributed among target groups. It was descriptive study and quantitative in nature. For the data analysis statistical techniques mean and Standard Deviation were applied. The data analyses found that majority of the teachers have the positive attitude towards this capacity building workshop on Technological Enhanced Learning. This study found that arts and humanities faculty teachers scored capacity building workshop on Technological Enhanced Learning; as more effective.

This chapter makes visible the careful planning and articulation of embedded philosophies, pedagogical knowledge, and belief systems of faculty served by initial programming efforts at one institution involved in an international partnership. Karakorum International University (KIU), a newly established public sector university in Pakistan, embarked on an ambitious faculty development initiative over a three-year span, which included development of an academic development center (ADC) and participation from the University of Oregon (UO). Data collection and analysis (guided by Stufflebeam’s Context, Input, Process, and Product model) focused on the center’s goals, available resources, and activities through interviews, observations, document reviews, and focus groups. Coordination between the directors of the two centers (UO and KIU) was notable, and beneficial to both institutions. Given the success of this international partnership, others are encouraged to follow similar processes.

The improvement in quality of education including ECE/Play group/ Nursery/ Kachi/Prep/Pakki/ kindergarten at primary school level in context of teachers’ knowledge and skills is very important. The study was descriptive (survey) in nature. Total numbers of (N =3529) in Bannu Division were the population of the study, and ECE teachers were the target population of the study in which the total numbers of (n = 360) teachers were taken as sample of the study through simple random and stratified sampling techniques. Main objective of the study was to examine knowledge and professional skills of ECE public and private school teachers in Pakistan. Data were collected over teachers’ competencies inventory. Validity and reliability of research instrument were ensured. Results and conclusions were drawn by revealing that GPS teachers were better than private school teachers. Thus, some recommendations were offered to government, education department, policy and decision makers, planners, educationists, philosophers, and teachers’ trainers to promote the quality of ECE Education in Pakistan by promoting the teachers’ knowledge, competency and professional skills.

In the aftermath of global warming, organizations are coming under increasing pressure to reduce carbon emissions, minimize waste, and generally become more responsible in their practices. To this backdrop, researchers argue that organizational HR practices have significant potential in shaping human behaviors. Therefore, by investigating the employment of a subordinate-supervisor dyad (N = 378 (subordinates), and 141 (supervisors)), this empirical study contributes to the growing literature on Green Human Resource Management (green HRM) and its impacts on employees' green outcomes. In particular, this study tested a novel model to explore the impact of green HRM on Green Creativity (GC) of employees in mediating the role of Pro-Environmental Behaviors (PEBs) and moderating the role of Ethical Leadership Style (ELS). Data were collected from organizations in the Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) region of Pakistan. For testing the results of the proposed hypotheses, structural equation modelling technique using SMART PLS 3 was employed. The results indicate that green HRM has a positive impact on employees' GC. Furthermore, partial mediating role of PEBs was also found. Finally, it was found that the ELS moderates the relationship between green HRM and GC and between green HRM and PEBs. Several theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

This study was designed to examine and report the perceptions of faculty in a public sector university regarding a newly-initiated faculty development program. The study, which applied qualitative approaches to generate data, covered the success stories as well as the challenges that could neutralize the sustenance of a productive program. Although the study did not cover the impacts of the faculty development initiative, it was noted that the program was successfully launched and implemented, which was acknowledged by the faculty in terms of their professional growth. However, multiple factors made the sustenance and effectiveness of the said program questionable particularly in the context of bringing improvement in the teaching and learning culture of the university.

Despite its disinterested nature, organizational virtuousness brings benefits to the organizations, as it makes an employee more willing to support the organization and work with intensity motivated by prosocial motives. In this study, we investigated the impact of organizational virtuousness on employee outcomes like employee willingness to support, commitment, and work intensity. For this, we modified Tsachouridi & Nikandrou (2019) to incorporate the complementary Role of Morality, as well as a mediatory role of social exchange. We proposed that organizational virtuousness perception increase prosocial motives, social exchange, personal sacrifice, and impression management. These factors would in turn increase emp[loyees support with the organization, their time commitment, and their work intensity. We also proposed that character morality moderates the effect of organizational virtuousness on these three outcomes. Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 309 respondents and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results suggested that Organizational Virtuousness’ (OV) seems to have a significant positive effect on Personal Sacrifice (PS), Prosocial Motives, Social Exchange, and Impression Management Motives (IMM). IMM seems to positively affect tine commitment and work intensity. Personal sacrifice, prosocial motives, and social exchange also seem to be positively affecting time commitment. Personal sacrifice negatively affects time commitment, however, positively affects work intensity. The moral character also seems to be positively affecting both time commitment and work intensity. OV also seems to be directly and positively affecting time commitment and willingness to support. Lastly, Moral character negatively moderates the effect of OV on willingness to support. Overall, we found the positive and significant impact of organizational virtuousness on employee outcomes.

The study aimed to investigate teachers’ instructional quality working atthe middle school level in Bannu. A self-developed questionnaire was used for the collection of Data, after finding its validity and reliability. The population of the study was comprised of boys and girls public school teachers working at Middle School Level in District Bannu. The sample of the study consisted of 200 teachers (among these 100 were male and 100 were female teachers) of the selected schools. Mean standard Deviation and Independent Sample t-test were used as a statistical tool. The result of the study showed that teaching materials were inexpensive, but male respondents viewed that proper AV aids were not available in schools.

In the era of market turbulence and external uncertainty, supply chain risk management is getting top attention in almost every dynamic business. The study is carried out to empirically investigate relational factors influencing demand side and supply side risk management. A sample of 149 valid responses was gathered through a structured questionnaire from marketing, planning, supply chain and logistics professionals from the textile sector and was analysed using partial least square smart (PLS) structural equation modelling (SEM) using SmartPLS 3.2.4. This research will significantly contribute to the literature of supply chain risks management (SCRM) as well as helping risk management professionals to understand the integrative and collaborative approach to improve supply chain resilience and robustness.

The purpose of this study was to highlight views of university level learners regarding the use of WhatsApp for English language learning proficiency development. That is why a descriptive study was conducted among the university level mature learners. Self-developed questionnaire was used for data collection and then the collected data was set, coded and then used SPSS version 24 for its analysis. Different statistics like percentage, mean, standard Deviation, t-test, and one way ANOVA was used for data analysis. Results of the study clearly indicated the positive role of WhatsApp use in English language learning proficiency development at university level.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate and explain the factors contributing to supply chain agility in service-oriented firms and therein to enhance competitive capabilities of the organization. The study has identified various variables from past studies that support firms in developing agile supply chain operations. Factors identified from prior studies are supply chain flexibility, supply chain visibility, supply chain responsiveness, supply chain speed and learning orientation, which were then empirically tested for further understanding. Design/methodology/approach Using purposive sampling, a sample of 217 valid responses was gathered through structured questionnaire from supply chain practitioners working in various service industries of Pakistan. Partial least square-structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. Findings The results of the study show that learning orientation and flexibility of the service firm highly complement the goal of achieving agility in their operations. Speed and visibility also have a major impact on developing agile supply chain. Moreover, supply chain agility has a significantly positive impact on competitive capabilities. Originality/value This research is about investigating the operational agility of services sector, which is a one-off study especially in the context of developing and competitive market. This research will provide important insights into the context of dynamic capabilities view for policymakers and decision-makers who aim to develop their competitive strategies based on their operational agility.

This study investigates the impact of passive leadership on organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intentions with the mediating effect of organizational interpersonal trust. Data has been collected from a sample of 180 working at managerial levels in public and private sector universities based in Islamabad. Findings of the current study confirms that passive leadership is negatively associated with organizational citizenship behavior and employee turnover intentions and the mediating role of organizational interpersonal trust confirms the partial mediation between these relationships. The study provided with new insights into the body of knowledge and also provided with practical implications. Limitations of the current study along with the future directions of research also discussed at the end.

The quality of inclusive and accountable institutions in a donor-recipient country determines the effectiveness of foreign aid. This study examined whether the role of donor agency or the implementing agency was more helpful in the successes of two foreign-funded educational interventions in Northern Pakistan. The two interventions, each focusing on teachers’ development program and the capacity development of principals, were funded by two different international donors. The study also provided a comparison of the two international donors working styles and their strategies applied for the execution of their respective projects. The findings of the study, which were generated through qualitative methods, noted wide variations not only in the working strategies of the two donors, but also the role of the executing agency. It was noted that multiple factors determined the productivity of the two projects; one of the elements that contributed the success or failure of the two project was their design or road map. Based on the findings of this study, it was maintained that a proactive role of both the entities is crucial for the success of such interventions.

A study of the 70 years of strategic relations between the US and Pakistan reveals that the main consideration in the partnership has always been security. Considering the changes in international politics that have a particular impact in the region-like China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the growing support for multilateralism-it is high time the two review this relationship and look beyond the security lens. Pakistan, population wise the sixth largest country, sits at the crossroads of major powers' interest due to its pivotal geographic location and natural resources. This study analyses various phases of the US-Pakistan relations in the region. The discussion finds Pakistan is a lynchpin for Central, South and West Asia connecting the East and West. Avoiding Pakistan shall be a gross diplomatic mistake by the US, rather a renewed partnership that thinks beyond the security of this region is required. The focus should on development, social, economic, and environmental challenges to explore opportunities for partnership between the US and Pakistan.

The study, which examines how a foreign-funded teachers' preparation program was implemented, primarily focuses on policy-related matters and curriculum implementation. Despite some of the challenges faced by the instructors and prospective teachers, the two stakeholders acknowledged that the new program is the correct approach for addressing the issues of quality education in Pakistan. The instructors and students agreed that the new Advance Degree in Education (ADE) program, unlike the traditional teachers' preparation programs that have questionable productivity, helped them to broaden their understanding about such concepts as student-centered learning, practice-oriented teaching, multiple methods of teaching, and the integration of technology in the teaching and learning processes. However, the study maintains that certain issues, such as questionable recruitment policies, limited capacities of teacher educators, and lack of proper orientation about the ADE program, seem to compromise the productivity of this important intervention.