In this paper, we find the Finsler structure of the Apollonian weak metric on the open unit disc in ℝ^2, which turns out to be a Randers type Finsler structure and we call it as Apollonian weak-Finsler structure. In fact the Apollonian weak-Finsler structure is the deformation of the hyperbolic Poincaré metric in the unit disc by a closed 1-form. As a cosequence, the trajectories of the geodesic of this Apollonian weak-Finsler structure pointwise agrees with the geodesic of hyperbolic Poincaré metric in the open unit disc. Further, we explicitly calculate its S-curvature, Riemann curvature, Ricci curvature and flag curvature. It turns out that the S-curvature of the Apollonian weak-Finsler structure in the unit disc is bounded below by 3/2, while its flag curvature K satisfies -1/4≤ K<2.

ABSTRACT:Management of rectal bleeding due to various underlying malignant pathologies is a difficult situation, especially in the setting of metastatic disease. Palliative radiation is generally offered to such patients to achieve hemostasis. We report a patient diagnosed with metastatic prostate carcinoma which was infiltrating the rectal mucosa. Fifty-four year old patient, with a case of metastatic prostate carcinoma presented with rectal bleeding. On evaluation, he had a friable growth from the anal verge to 10 cm with severe bleeding. We gave intraluminal high-dose rate brachytherapy using an endoluminal vaginal/rectal cylinder applicator. A dose of 6 Gy, weekly for three weeks was delivered. High-dose-rate brachytherapy was immediately well tolerated. The bleeding stopped completely by day 4 and by day 7 patient was passing yellow stools. Intraluminal high-dose-rate brachytherapy has been proven as an effective palliative treatment in achieving hemostasis from rectal bleeding.

In this paper, we find the infinitesimal structure of Funk-Finsler metric in spaces of constant curvature. We investigate the geometry of this Funk-Finsler metric by explicitly computing its S-curvature, Riemann curvature, Ricci curvature, and flag curvature. Moreover, we show that the S-curvature of the Funk-Finsler metric in hyperbolic space is bounded above by 3/2, in spherical space bounded below by 3/2, and in Euclidean case it is identically equal to 3/2. Further, we show that the flag curvature of the Funk-Finsler metric in hyperbolic space is bounded above by -1/4, in spherical space bounded below by -1/4, and in Euclidean case it is identically equal to -1/4.

In this paper, we construct the Funk-Finsler structure in various models of the hyperbolic plane. In particular, in the unit disc of the Klein model, it turns out to be a Randers metric, which is a non-Berwald Douglas metric. Further, using Finsler isometries we obtain the Funk-Finsler structures in other models of the hyperbolic plane. Finally, we also investigate the geometry of this Funk-Finsler metric by explicitly computing the S-curvature, Riemann curvature, flag curvature, and Ricci curvature in the Klein unit disc.

Background: About 95% of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) have dyslipidaemia.Dyslipidaemia is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD).Due to disturbances in lipoprotein levels, cardiovascular disease contributes to morbidity and mortality in DM patients.To examine the effects of lipid profiles in Type II DM patients with or without hypothyroidism.Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, for one year from 1st Oct. 2017 to 31st Sept. 2018 on patients attending the Medicine OPD of Santosh Medical College and Hospital.There were three groups of 25 patients compared with the single group of control, which consisted of 25 patients.Results: Mean value of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and lipoprotein A in Group DM, DM+Hypothyroidism, DM+subclinical hypothyroidism (DM+SCH) was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.00).Mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in Group DM, DM+Hypothyroidism, DM+SCH, was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.001).The mean HDL in Group DM+Hypothyroidism was significantly lower than Group DM (p<0.001).Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia in the group of overt hypothyroid diabetics is significantly higher than in the Group of subclinical hypothyroid diabetics.So, it is suggested that diabetic patients with hypothyroidism (both overt and subclinical) should undergo annual lipid status examination and corrective management as and when needed.

In this article, we find three isometric models of the Funk disc: Finsler upper half of the hyperboloid of two sheets model, the Finsler band model and the Finsler upper hemi sphere model; and we also find two new models of the Finsler–Poincaré disc. We explicitly describe the geodesics in each model. Moreover, we compute the Busemann function and consequently describe the horocycles in the Funk and the Hilbert disc. Finally, we prove the asymptotic harmonicity of the Funk disc. We also show that, the concept of asymptotic harmonicity of the Finsler manifolds tacitly depends on the measure, in contrast to the Riemannian case.

Introduction:Urinary bladder cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As per the data from the US cancer registry, it was diagnosed in nearly 71,000 patients and led to 14000 deaths in 2013. The Indian data in this regard are lacking with few case reports and epidemiological data only. The paucity of treatment data in this regard led us to undertake this prospective study at our radiation oncology canter. Carcinoma urinary bladder is a heterogeneous disease with variable natural history. Male preponderance and association with cigarette smoking appears to be the foremost in natural history of the disease. Our data analyzed the management of muscle-invasive medically and surgically inoperable carcinoma urinary bladder in a resource constraint setting at a tertiary care center by bladder preservation protocol (BPP). Materials and Methods:This prospective study was aimed to evaluate the treatment outcome in surgically inoperable muscle-invasive carcinoma urinary bladder in a resource constraint setting at a tertiary care center by BPP. All patients were treated with telecobalt 60 machine up to a dose of 60-66 Gy along with concurrent chemotherapy. Interim assessment was done at 40 Gy. Results:A total of nine patients were taken up for treatment with BPP. All patients were evaluated with standard evaluation protocol. All patients were followed up till any event occurred and till 6 years. Out of nine patients treated, six patients are still alive without any progression of disease and are disease free with standard evaluation on follow-up. Two patients died during the 1st year of follow-up. One patient progressed with lung and abdominal metastases 5 months after the completion of treatment and one patient was lost to follow-up. Conclusion:BPP using trimodality therapy is a suitable alternative to radical cystectomy in medically and surgically inoperable carcinoma urinary bladder. These patients should be highly compliant for regular follow-up, and acute and long-term toxicity should be evaluated in detail at each visit. BPP gives a ray of hope in such settings and should be done with caution. In our study, we treated all these patients in our resource constraint settings with good results and high survival rates. Our integrated team of radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and urologists closely followed up these patients in order to optimize outcomes.

Objective: This study was conducted with the aim to approach the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in supraclavicular lymph node swelling at outpatient department. Methods: The study is cross-sectional, descriptive conducted at General Surgery department Unit-III, of PUMHSW, Nawabshah, Sind, from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020. After the written permission from ethical Review Committee of PUMHS-W, all the patients attending Surgical/Medical outpatient department with supraclavicular lymph node swelling and sent for cytological examination from 1st January 2019-31st December 2020 were entered in SPSS-20, after filling of specially designed proforma. All the variables/demographic details were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Results: Total of 153 cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, PUMHS-W, and Nawabshah during the two-year period. The most commonly lesion was TB Lymphadenitis 58(38%),and 43(28%) were cases of Reactive Hyperplasia, while the malignant metastatic lesions were 38(25%) and Lymphoma and NHL were positive in 5(3%) cases. The metastatic lesion were most commonly involve the left side 23(60.5%) and less commonly the bilateral 3(8%) involvement. The common metastatic malignancy found was squamous cell carcinoma 14(37%) followed by adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, ductal carcinoma breast, hepatocellular carcinoma and seminoma, 10(%), 5(% ),2(%), 2(%), 1(%), 1(%), 1(%) respectively. The most commonly involved age group by mixed lesions were 41-50 years of age, and less common group involved was above 70 years of age. The metastatic malignant lesion were commonly found in 61-70 years of age group and lymphoma and Non Hodgkin Lymphoma were seen up to 60 years of all age groups. Conclusion: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is a reliable diagnostic tool as it is cheap, less invasive, and timed modality for diagnosing the supraclavicular lymph node inflammation/metastatic and nodular malignancies.

In this paper we consider three dimensional upper half space $$\mathbb {H}^3 $$ equipped with various Kropina metrics obtained by deformation of hyperbolic metric of $$\mathbb {H}^3$$ through 1-forms and obtain a partial differential equation that characterizes minimal surfaces immersed in it. We prove that such minimal surfaces can only be obtained when the hyperbolic metric is deformed along $$x^3$$ direction. Then we classify such minimal surfaces and show that flag curvature of these surfaces is always non-positive. We also obtain the geodesics of this surface. In particular, it follows that such surfaces neither have forward conjugate points nor they are forward complete.

Oncoplastic techniques in breast cancer treatment allow increasing indications of breast-conserving surgery and improving cosmetic results. Breast tumours located at the upper inner quadrant present a challenge for conservative surgery due to insufficient breast thickness and risk of skin involvement. We present a case of 65 year postmenopausal lady with hormone receptor positive early breast cancer in upper inner quadrant of left breast (cT2N0M0) who underwent breast-conserving surgery with matrix rotation mammaplasty, using a modified Burow’s triangle advancement flap and interstitial brachytherapy catheter placement. She received APBI (34 Gy in 10 fractions over 5 days) and was discharged on the 7th post-operative day after completion of treatment in single admission without any complications. The patient was not desirous of either symmetrization or displacement of the nipple-areola complex. During follow-up at 3 months, the patient was satisfied with the cosmesis and preservation of the breast, and no local recurrence was detected. She was then placed on adjuvant hormonal therapy. We conclude that the modified Burow’s triangle advancement flap is a safe and reasonably easy technique to manage tumours at this complex location.

In this paper we consider a three dimensional Kropina space and obtain a partial differential equation that characterizes minimal surfaces with the induced metric. Using this characterization equation we study various immersions of minimal surfaces. In particular, we obtain the partial differential equation that characterizes the minimal translation surfaces and show that the plane is the only such surface.

Abstract: Over the last few years, e-commerce has become an indispensable part of our life. It is growing day by day. Most people now prefer online shopping rather than going into the market. As internet access increases rapidly worldwide, the number of online buyers will keep climbing. Digital shopping is much more convenient, as buyers don’t have to leave the comfort of their homes. They can buy whatever they want. no matter what time of the day it is. In this time of digitalization, the need for digital shopping is going to climb. The trend shows that businesses will completely switch over to online stores in the next 20 years.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the long-term sewage sludge (SS) and fertilizer impact on yield and farm profitability in maize (Zea mays L.) grown at the ICAR-IARI, New Delhi during 2014-17. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with eight different treatment combinations comprising of different levels of sludge and fertilizer as follows: T1=control (no sludge and NPK fertilizer), T2=100% recommended dose of NPK (NPK), T3=25% N substituted by sludge +75% N + PK, T4=50% N substituted by sludge + 50% N + PK, T5=100% N substituted by sludge + PK, T6=Two times of sludge as applied in T5 + PK, T7=Three times of sludge as applied in T5 + PK and T8=NPK+2.5 t sludge/ha. Results revealed that the combined application of sludge @ 2.5 t/ha along with NPK (T8) showed highest grain yield of maize i.e. 5.93 t/ha. Total P, K and micronutrients uptake by straw and grain of maize were found to be highest in T7 treated plot. The maximum gross return, net return and B:C ratio were recorded under NPK along with 2.5 SS t/ha. Application of sludge not only enhanced the crop productivity of maize by supplying major and micronutrients, but also enriched maize grain with micronutrients like Zn and Fe throughout the treatments. Finally, it can be concluded that the treatment T8 i.e. NPK+2.5 SS t/ha could be an effective option for getting higher profitability and better quality yield of maize.

Aims:The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiac output of cricket players before and after step test on the basis of their playing experience.Materials and Methods: There was one hundred fifty (N=150) trained male cricketers between the ages of 15 and 25 years volunteered for this study.Anthropometric rod, Weighing machine were used.Blood pressure was recorded with a digital sphygmomanometer according to the standardized protocol recommended by World Health Organization.Results: The mean age, height weight and BMI (body mass index) of playing experience Group-1(1to5year) cricketer was 17.19±2.06year, 170.57±7.67 cm, 56.01±8.99kg and 19.19±2.44 kg/m 2 respectively.The mean age, height weight and BMI (body mass index) of playing experience Group-2(6 to10year) cricketer was 19.50±3.24year, 173.50±6.46cm, 62.29±9.20 kg and 20.64±2.47 kg/m 2 respectively.The mean age, height weight and BMI (body mass index) of playing experience Group-3(11to15year) cricketer was 24.67±0.57year, 174.00±8.54cm, 69.33±6.02kg and 23.08±3.86kg/m 2 respectively.Conclusion: It was concluded that the cardiac output showed significant statistical increase represented by values of step test.There was a statistically significant difference in the variance of mean cardiac output (after Queen's step test) of 1 to 5 year, playing experience of 6 to 10 year, playing experience of 11 to 15 year) cricket players.

A field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of long-term combined application of sewage sludge (SS) and chemical fertilizers on yield, nutrient uptake, soil fertility status and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in the experimental plot of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India. The experiment comprised of eight different treatment combinations including different levels of sludge and fertilizers. The sludge treatments were applied before sowing of kharif maize (Zea mays cv. PMH-1) in maize-wheat cropping system, while rabi wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. HD-3059) was grown with recommended dose of NPK. Results revealed that pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and available potassium (K) content in soil were not significantly affected by the application of sludge. However, soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in soil were significantly increased over control due to application of sewage-sludge. The combined application of sludge @ 2.5 t ha−1 along with NPK showed the highest grain yield, agronomic efficiency and total N, P and K uptake by wheat crop. The maximum gross return, net return and B:C ratio were recorded under combined application of NPK and SS @ 2.5 t ha−1. The present study showed that integrated use of 100% NPK along and SS @ 2.5 t ha−1 could be an effective option for enhancing wheat yield, soil fertility status, and economic return.

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of lime, poultry manure and farmyard manure (FYM) application on the immobilization of soil iron (Fe) under both submergence and alternate wetting-drying (AWD) soil moisture regimes. Effect of soil amendments (organic and inorganic) and soil moisture regimes on the dry matter yield, total Fe content in plant, the DTPA-extractable soil Fe and the distribution of Fe in various chemical fractions of contaminated soil was explored in the greenhouse pot experiment during 2018 at IARI, New Delhi. Results indicated that the mean DTPA-extractable Fe content in post-harvest soil was found significantly lower under AWD (84.8 mg/ kg) as compared to submergence (118 mg/kg). The mean DTPA-extractable Fe was significantly reduced by 14.7% due to the application of lime over control. Poultry manure and FYM application were ineffective in altering the mean DTPA-extractable Fe. Water soluble and exchangeable Fe content in post-harvest soil was decreased significantly by 17.7% under AWD compared with submergence and it was reduced significantly by 25.2% due to the lime application over control. Whereas, carbonate bound Fe content was increased significantly by 8.0% due to the lime application over control while it was decreased significantly by 5.3% due the poultry manure over control. Therefore, lime application under AWD soil moisture regime was the best practice for remediation of metal contaminated soil and poultry manure and FYM could be include in management practices for improving crop yield.

Abstract Background: Nimotuzumab is an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody which can be added to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to improve efficacy for management of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LASCCHN). We prospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of nimotuzumab with CRT for LASCCHN and compared with CRT alone. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 29 LASCCHN (Stage III–IVb) patients received Nimotuzumab plus CRT or CRT alone. Treatment included six cycles of cisplatin (40–50 mg/week) or carboplatin (area under the curve-based), nimotuzumab (200 mg/week), and radiotherapy (60–70 Gy). Tumor response was evaluated as per response evaluation criteria in solid tumors criteria. MoS was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Toxicity and adverse events (AE's) were assessed as per CTCAE v 4.0. Results: At 24 weeks after completion of treatment, the tumor response rate (complete response, partial response, stable disease) was 53.3% and 35.7% favoring nimotuzumab arm while progression of disease was 40% and 35.7% in Nimotuzumab plus CRT and CRT groups, respectively. However, the objective response rate was 57% and 30% in favor of nimotuzumab arm. At median follow-up of 45.5 months, MoS was 33 months in Nimotuzumab plus CRT and 27 months in CRT group. The 5-year survival rate was 33.3% in Nimotuzumab plus CRT versus 7.1% in CRT group. Nimotuzumab was observed to be safe with no additional AE's such as hypersensitivity, hypomagnesemia, and allergic reaction was reported. Conclusion: Addition of Nimotuzumab to standard CRT showed improved survival rate in unresectable, LASCCHN patients without producing additional toxicity.