政府は2020年12月「農林水産物・食品の輸出拡大実行戦略」を決定し，その中で林産物として製材，合板を重点品目として取り上げ，木製品の輸出拡大に取り組んでいる。輸出先の一つである中国では，中国国内法の改正により高品質が要求され，中国の国家標準に基づく試験が重視されている。本報では，中国国家標準による木材の試験内容を整理し，サーモウッド処理したスギ，ヒノキについて中国国家標準による物性試験，耐朽性試験を行い，いずれも基準を満たすことを明らかにした。また室内防腐効力試験について，中国国家標準と日本産業規格との差についても言及した。

難燃処理木材に発生する潮解について，木材中の難燃薬剤の水蒸気圧と空気中の水蒸気圧の関係から，その発生条件を明確にすべく，2種類の難燃薬剤（リン酸アンモニウム・ホウ酸系，リン酸グアニジン系）とその処理材を用いて検証を行った。その結果，飽和塩法を用いた難燃薬剤の水蒸気圧の検証では，リン酸アンモニウム・ホウ酸系は相対湿度70％以上，リン酸グアニジン系は相対湿度90％以上の環境で潮解が発生する可能性が高いと判断された。また実際に各難燃処理木材を温度一定で，相対湿度を段階的に60～95％まで上げた環境に暴露したところ，リン酸アンモニウム・ホウ酸系は相対湿度70％で，リン酸グアニジン系は相対湿度95％で潮解が確認された。更に，空気中の水蒸気量を示す絶対湿度の影響を考慮し，各難燃処理木材を相対湿度一定（65％）で，温度を段階的に28～44℃まで上げた環境に暴露したところ，いずれの条件でも吸湿による試験片の重量増加や潮解の発生は認められなかった。以上の結果から，これら2種の難燃処理木材における潮解の発生条件には差があり，その絶対湿度（水蒸気量）ではなく相対湿度（水蒸気圧）が顕著に影響することが明らかとなった。

Background: Prokineticin family correlates with important roles in several biological processes, including homeostasis. We discovered novel functions of prokineticin1 (PROK1) in lymphangiogenesis and lymphnode metastasis in colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: We examined changes in the number of lymphatic endothelial cells after PROK1 stimulation. PROK1 protein was stimulated with subcutaneously implanted in mice. Also a high-PROK1-expressing colorectal cancer cell line and anti-PROK1 antibody(Ab) were subcutaneously implanted in mice, and then examine lymphangiogenesis. PROK1 expression and the number of lymph vessels were examined in the primary lesion of 391 patients whose colorectal tumors had been resected. Results: When PROK1 was used as a stimulus, the number of lymphatic cells increased compared to unstimulated cells. And the number of lymph vessels in the skin of mice increased compared to mice implanted without PROK1. The number of lymph vessels in the primary tumor tissue increased when PROK1 was highly expressed compared to cases with non-detectable PROK1 expression. When PROK1 was expressed in human colorectal tumors, the rate of lymphnode metastasis was significantly higher than that in cases with non-detectable PROK1 expression. Conclusions: PROK1 is a lymphangiogenic factor involved in the formation of new lymph vessels and lymphnode metastasis in human colorectal cancer.

日本産業規格(JIS)や公益社団法人日本木材保存協会規格(JWPAS)では,木材および木質材料の室内耐朽性試験や,木材保存剤の室内防腐性能試験等において,オオウズラタケおよびカワラタケの指定された菌株を供試菌として用いる。しかし,自然界には多種類の木材腐朽菌が存在する。そこで,JIS等における2種の指定菌株と,腐朽木材や子実体に由来する10種の分離菌株を用いて,スギ心材,ヒノキ心材,ヒノキアスナロ心材および加圧注入処理木材の耐朽性試験を行った。 その結果,スギ心材に対しては,60日間の培養期間で,指定菌株のオオウズラタケが最も高い質量減少率を示したが,ヒノキ心材に対しては,いくつかの分離菌株は指定菌株よりも大きな質量減少をもたらした。ヒノキアスナロ心材に対しては,12菌株すべてが質量減少率0%であった。また,大部分の菌株において,スギ心材≧ヒノキ心材≧ヒノキアスナロ心材の順で抗菌操作による質量減少率が低くなった。さらに,加圧注入処理木材については,いずれの菌株においても培養期間12週間で生じた質量減少率は3%以下となり,指定菌株と分離菌株の結果にほとんど差はなかった。

We applied various ionic liquids (ILs) to wood to enhance its fire resistance. ILs were impregnated into the wood at room temperature under reduced pressure. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyzer (TG/DTA) was used to study the thermal property of the IL-treated wood. All IL-treated wood exhibited enhanced fire resistance as compared with untreated wood. In particular, the TG curves for the choline dihydrogenphosphate ([Choline]PO4)-treated wood and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([MMIM]DMP)-treated wood showed higher residual weights. Their DTA curves showed no prominent exothermic peak, indicating that they can achieve greater fire resistance. [MMIM]DMP-treated wood satisfies the standard of fire-resistant materials in the combustibility test on materials for train carriages.

本論文では，暴露試験により計測された木材表面の色を基に，木材画像の色の経年変化シミュレーションを高速に行う手法を提案する。暴露試験は，約１年間計測したデータを基に木材表面の色と試験実施場所の気候の関係性を明らかにした。求められた関係性により，提案する手法は温度，雨量，日射量を入力することで任意の地点での木材表面の色変化をシミュレーションすることができる。また，提案手法は建築物の外壁に取り付けられた木材表面の色変化シミュレーションができる。建築物の3D モデルを用意し，事前に遮蔽計算を行う。遮蔽計算の結果を基に提案手法への入力である，温度，雨量，日射量を各箇所で増減させることで，例えば，地面近くの木材では降雨の跳ね返りにより色変化が速い，というように，木材の周囲環境を考慮した木材表面の色変化シミュレーションができる。

Pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is not uncommon, but few reports describe a stricture after pancreatogastrointestinalstomy. We investigated the clinical influence of anastomotic stricture caused by pancreatogastrointestinalstomy after PD.

For the development of manufacturing technology of boxed-heart Sugi timber with appropriate preservative treatment, we have been examining the effects of the drying method before impregnation on the quality of the products with preservative treatment. We used boxed-heart Sugi timber from Nara and Oita which were treated either by medium-temperature drying, by a combination of medium-temperature drying and radio-frequency heating, by a high-temperature setting drying, or by a combination of high-temperature setting drying and radio-frequency heating. We investigated the penetration of the timber preservatives as well as the dimensional change before and after the impregnation. As a result, we confirmed that there were parts with insufficient penetration in boxed-heart Sugi timber from the above prefectures which were dried by a high-temperature setting treatment. Moreover, there were some cases in which such timbers had lower solution uptake and penetration ratio of preservatives than those that were dried with medium-temperature. Also, back split was necessary in order to prevent surface checks during drying process after impregnation and curing process. Lastly, using radio-frequency heating in addition to medium-temperature for drying before impregnation showed a possibility of producing materials without poor penetration, reduced solution uptake or penetration ratio in short time.

Approximately half of the transplantable pancreatic islet tissue is lost during isolation, including the digestion and purification steps. Modifying the isolation method could increase the yield. This would enable the one donor-one recipient concept and improve the therapeutic effects of islet transplantation. This study aims to improve islet transplantation by increasing the yield of islets from the pancreas, both the number of islets and their size. Therefore, we used a sericin-containing isolating solution. Rat pancreatic islets were isolated by collagenase digestion and hand picking. We refer to islets isolated with or without sericin in the isolation solution as the sericin and control group, respectively. Volume yield, endocrine function, and islet morphology were compared between the groups. Histological distribution of sericin was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining to examine its mechanism of action in pancreatic islets. The pancreatic islet yield in the sericin group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The endocrine function of islets in the sericin group was comparable to that of islets isolated by conventional methods. Sericin adhered to the surface of isolated pancreatic islets and colocalized with E-cadherin, a cell membrane protein, which might explain the cytoprotective effects of sericin. The islet morphology tended to be better preserved in the sericin group. Sericin could prevent cytoarchitectural damage during the isolation and purification process, resulting in increased pancreatic islet yield. This suggests that sericin could contribute to islet therapy by enhancing the stability of islets.

Wood has been used for building facades to enhance the aesthetic design of buildings since the revision to the evaluation method associated with the amendment of the Building Standard Law of Japan in 2000. In response, wood that has been pressure-impregnated with fire retardants (fire-retardant treated wood) is often used to ensure it is safe in the event of a fire. Currently, when fire-retardant-treated wood is tested for certification of reaction to fire performance, a cone calorimeter test is conducted in Japan. This test applies radiant heat to the surface of a square specimen, 100 mm each side, immediately after it has undergone fire-retardant treatment. However, when applying fire-retardant treatment to wood, aqueous chemical injection is the standard procedure. When wood is actually used to construct a building, there is a concern about environmental forces such as wind and rain that could cause the wood to deteriorate, and concerns about performance degradation associated with aging. One of the past studies in Japan [1] conducted a cone calorimeter test after an outdoor exposure test and accelerated weathering test, compared the post-test performance with the initial performance and confirmed the amount of remaining fire retardant in the treated wood had been reduced. However, no comparison of the fireproof performance of fire-retardant wood in actual use in a building facade had been conducted in Japan. There have been already valuable researches [e.g. 2, 3] on this issue internationally, but this paper is the first step in Japan and authors hope to focus on the wooden façade construction technique and the standard façade test in Japan.

A 12-year-old Japanese girl with pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma is presented. She was referred to our hospital with upper abdominal pain on exercise. Computed tomography scan showed a 17 × 17 × 12 cm heterogeneous mass in the right abdominal cavity centering around the pancreatic head to the anterior pararenal space. We performed pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy, because the tumor invaded the pancreatic head. Macroscopically, the tumor was a 19 × 18 cm, encapsulated mass derived from the pancreatic head without invasion to the surrounding organs, and consisted of solid and cystic portions. Histological examination showed tumor cells proliferating in an acinar pattern and invading the duodenal muscle layer. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for α1 trypsin and α1 chymotrypsin. From these histological findings, we diagnosed the lesion as an acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas. We report this case of childhood acinar cell carcinoma, which is extremely rare, with a review of the literature.

症例は,S状結腸軸捻転にてS状結腸切除の既往がある74歳の女性.便秘にて通院中に呼吸困難を訴え受診した.胸腹部単純写真で,左横隔膜の挙上と横行結腸左側から下行結腸にかけての拡張したガス像を認め,S状結腸内視鏡下の脱気により呼吸困難は改善した.内視鏡検査や注腸造影検査では大腸に器質的な狭窄は認めなかった.内視鏡下に脱気を施行するも症状再燃を繰り返すため,拡張結腸の切除と横隔膜縫縮術を施行した.術後は現在まで再発を認めず,経過は良好である.今回われわれは,横隔膜弛緩症を合併した慢性特発性大腸偽性腸閉塞症(CICP)の1例に対し,拡張腸管の切除と横隔膜縫縮術を施行し良好な術後経過が得られたので,若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する.

症例は70歳台，女性．子宮頸癌の治療中，膵頭部に6.5cm大の腫瘤性病変を指摘された．CT検査，FDG-PET検査で膵頭部の漿液性嚢胞腫瘍（serous cystic neoplasm:SCN）と診断され経過観察となった．半年後のCT検査で腫瘍径が軽度増大し，MRI検査を行ったが，画像上は漿液性嚢胞腫瘍に矛盾しない所見であった．確定診断のため超音波内視鏡下穿刺吸引生検を施行，膵神経内分泌腫瘍（neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas:PNET）の組織と診断された．CT検査やMRI検査ではSCNに矛盾しない所見であったがPNETの合併と考え，亜全胃温存膵頭十二指腸切除術を施行した．腫瘍は，弾性軟で膨張性に発育し，周囲臓器と炎症性の癒着を認めた．切除標本割面の肉眼所見で，腫瘍は薄い被膜を有し，内部は出血を伴ったスポンジ様の部分と充実性の部分から構成されていた．病理検査所見では，SCNの成分は認められず，PNET Grade1と診断された．本症例は，画像検査でSCNと鑑別が困難であったPNET症例と考えられたので報告する．

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies in Asia, and the second most common cause of cancer-associated mortality in Japan. Colorectal metastases originating from gastric adenocarcinoma are extremely rare. The present study reports an unusual case of lymphogenous sigmoid metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma occurring in a 58-year-old female patient. Endoscopic and radiological findings were indicative of 0-IIc+IIa early gastric cancer, and radical distal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection was performed. The pathological diagnosis was stage IA gastric adenocarcinoma (T1bN0M0), according to the Japanese classification of gastric cancer. A follow-up examination at 18 months post surgery revealed a recurrence of paraaortic lymph node metastasis, detected by abdominal computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. The patient received chemotherapy with S-1 and cisplatin. Subsequently, radiotherapy was administered to the paraaortic lymph nodes at levels Th11-L3. Follow-up abdominal CT and PET/CT revealed an enlarged left ovary, and abnormal uptake in the left ovary and sigmoid colon. An oophorectomy and sigmoidectomy with D3 lymph node dissection were performed. The pathological diagnosis was metastatic adenocarcinoma; this was identical to the gastric pathology in the previous pathological report. The patient continued treatment with chemotherapy. Although sigmoid colonic metastasis from gastric cancer is extremely rare, metastasis from gastric cancer must be considered during the differential diagnosis of cases involving a colorectal mass and a previous history of gastric cancer.

今回われわれは，比較的急性に経過し，大腸亜全摘術が奏効した慢性特発性大腸限局型偽性腸閉塞症の1例を経験したので報告する．症例は41歳，女性．5年前から便秘症状を認めていたが治療歴はなく，他に基礎疾患はなかった．腹痛・腹部膨満を主訴に近医を受診．大腸閉塞症と診断され，当院に救急搬送となった．腹部CT検査にて偽性腸閉塞症と診断し，保存的加療を行うも，腹部症状の増悪を認めたために第3病日に大腸亜全摘術を施行した．術後，排便障害は軽快し，良好な経過が得られている．慢性特発性大腸限局型偽性腸閉塞症は腸管に器質的閉塞・狭窄や原因となる基礎疾患がないにもかかわらず，大腸のみに腸閉塞様の症状を繰り返す疾患であるが，本症例のように急性の経過をとる場合があり，迅速な初期治療が肝要で，大腸亜全摘は有用な術式と考えられた．

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS:Primary neoplasms of the small intestine are relatively rare in all age groups, accounting for about 5 % of all gastrointestinal tumors 1. Cavernous hemangiomas of the small intestine are also rare, can cause gastrointestinal bleeding, and are extremely difficult to diagnose preoperatively 2. We present a patient who presented with melena and iron deficiency anemia, for whom wireless capsule endoscopy and single-balloon enteroscopy facilitated the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma.

To evaluate the long-term effects onapneas and sleep and the tolerability of a mandibular advancementdevice in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Prospective study.Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.Thirty-three consecutively treatedpatients.Individually adjustedmandibular advancement devices.Polysomnographic sleep recordings on 1 night without thedevice and 1 night with the device were performed after 0.7 ± 0.5years (mean ± SD) and after 5.2 ± 0.4 years from the start oftreatment. Nineteen of the 33 patients experienced a short-termsatisfactory treatment result with an apnea-hypopnea index of < 10events per hour and a satisfactory reduction in snoring. Fourteenpatients were regarded as being insufficiently treated with the device. Seventeen of the short-term satisfactorily treated patients (90%) and2 of the remaining patients continued treatment on a long-term basis. The apnea-hypopnea index was reduced by the device from 22 ± 17 to4.9 ± 5.1 events per hour (p < 0.001) in these 19 long-termtreatment patients, which did not differ from what was found at theshort-term follow-up visits in these patients. Patients with theirdevices replaced or adjusted experienced a better long-term effect thanpatients still using their original devices (p < 0.05).The long-term effect and tolerability of amandibular advancement device are good in patients who are recommendedthe treatment on the basis of a short-term sleep recording, providedthat the device is continuously adjusted or replaced with a new onewhen needed. A short-term follow-up is valuable in the selection ofpatients who will benefit from long-term treatment with a mandibularadvancement device.

Hematogenous metastasis, mainly hepatic metastasis, is a frequent metastatic mode in colorectal cancer involving angiogenic growth factors. Two angiogenic growth factors, in particular, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Prokineticin1(PROK1), are considered to have an important role in hematogenous metastasis of colorectal cancer. Accordingly, we report our findings on the importance of the anti-tumor efffect by inhibiting these two factors in human colorectal cancer.When the culture fluid of Colorectal cancer cell lines(DLD-1, HCT116, and LoVo) with high levels of VEGF/PROK1 expression was injected subcutaneously into mice, the culture fluid increased subcutaneous angiogenesis. But when both anti-PROK1 and anti-VEGF antibodies were present in the culture fluid, the length and size of the blood vessels were reduced compared with those seen in the fluid-only, anti-PROK1, and anti-VEGF controls. Also, tumor masses were produced in mice by subcutaneously embedding colorectal cancer cells with high levels VEGF/PROK1 expression. When both anti-PROK1 and anti-VEGF antibodies were simultaneously applied, tumor formation and peritumoral angiogenesis were strongly suppressed, compared with when either anti-PROK1 antibody or anti-VEGF antibody was applied alone.Simultaneous targeting of both angiogenic growth factors (VEGF/PROK1) may prove more useful in colorectal cancer.