Natural products are a significant source of antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory agents relevant to neurodegenerative diseases. Mespilus germanica L. (medlar) fruits are traditionally consumed. However, enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities have not been investigated in relation to the molasses and juice of medlar fruits to date. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of traditionally prepared M. germanica fruit juice and molasses, and to characterize potential bioactive phytochemicals through in silico molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and ADMET profiling. Antioxidant activities were measured by ABTS and DPPH assays, and AChE inhibition was assessed using a modified Ellman method. Undiluted fruit juice demonstrated the highest radical scavenging activity against ABTS (98.49%) and DPPH (76.36%), as well as the strongest AChE inhibition (75.51% at 325 µL/mL) compared to molasses and 10-fold diluted fruit juice. Molecular docking and MD simulation results indicated strong interactions of α-tocopherol (−9.4 kcal/mol-1; ΔG-bind ≈ −53.07 kcal/mol-1), chlorogenic acid (−8.7 kcal/mol-1; ΔG-bind ≈ −36.92 kcal/mol-1), and neochlorogenic acid (−8.5 kcal/mol-1; ΔG-bind ≈ −31.25 kcal/mol-1) with AChE. Research findings indicate that M. germanica fruit juice prepared traditionally contains active compounds demonstrating significant antioxidant activities and AChE-inhibitory effects. The promising potential of α-tocopherol and chlorogenic acid derivatives stands out among other compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Wood and wood-based panels are widely used in the construction and furniture industries; however, their inherently low fire resistance remains a major limitation. Vermiculite, a mineral that expands significantly at high temperatures, offers a promising solution to improve the fire resistance of such materials. This study aims to determine how varying vermiculite contents (0 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %) and urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesive levels (12 %, 14 %, 16 %) jointly influence the physical, mechanical, and thermal performance of particleboards. Single-layer panels were manufactured under controlled pressing conditions, and their dimensional stability, strength properties, and thermal behavior were evaluated. Increasing vermiculite content led to higher thickness swelling and water absorption; for instance, at 25 % vermiculite, 2 h TS rose to 45.7 % in the 12 % UF group, while increasing UF to 16 % reduced this value to 31.4 %. Mechanical performance decreased with vermiculite addition: MOR declined from 15.77 MPa (control) to values below P1 requirements at higher vermiculite ratios, although increased UF partially mitigated this loss. In contrast, thermal properties improved markedly; mass loss during TGA decreased from 91.34 % (control) to 72.55 % at 25 % vermiculite with 16 % UF, indicating enhanced resistance to thermal degradation. These findings demonstrate that vermiculite substantially enhances thermal stability but compromises mechanical integrity, underscoring the need for careful balance between mineral content and adhesive level. Optimized vermiculite–UF combinations can support the development of particleboards for fire-resistant interior applications, offering valuable guidance for future material design and industrial implementation.

Activated carbon (AC) is valued for its large surface area, porosity, and chemical adsorption properties, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. Its most common sources are coconut shells, wood, and coal - all of which are costly or harmful to the environment. It is thus important to finding sustainable feedstock, such as agricultural waste. Inexpensive materials like waste orange peel have been used in the production of AC. This study explores the synthesis of AC from orange peel waste through phosphoric acid (H3PO4) activation for potential applications in reducing volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde emissions in particleboard production. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to examine AC. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of AC was 497 m2g(-)(1). The addition of AC to urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive enhanced cross-linking and condensation reactions, improving the mechanical and physical properties of particleboards without compromising integrity. The effects of AC on formaldehyde emissions were assessed at 0 and 3 months. Compared to the control group, particleboards with AC showed a 28.98% reduction in free formaldehyde emissions at 0 months and a 45.25% reduction at 3 months. Activated carbon derived from orange peels can thus improve particleboard properties while reducing formaldehyde emissions in an environmentally sustainable way.

The valorization of agricultural waste has gained increasing attention in recent years, with orange peel waste emerging as a promising precursor for activated carbon (AC) production. This study investigates the production of AC from orange peel waste using zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) as a chemical activator and evaluates its impact on the physical, mechanical, and environmental properties of three-layer particleboards. AC was incorporated into the urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesive at 0.5–1.5

Wood‐based composite boards present a problem due to formaldehyde emissions from engineered particleboard, which pose health and environmental risks. This study explored the production of activated carbon (AC) from Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) wood residues using phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) as a chemical activator. The process of using waste biomass as raw material for AC production improves waste management and contributes to the circular economy by creating a high‐value product from forestry industry byproducts. Activated carbon with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 1066.46 m 2 ·g −1 and a porous structure that enhances adsorption capacity was incorporated into urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin at varying levels (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% by dry weight of the adhesive) for particleboard production. These boards were evaluated for their formaldehyde emissions, physical properties, and mechanical properties. Results showed that adding AC reduced formaldehyde emissions significantly, by up to 50%. The particleboards prepared using the modified resin also demonstrated improved physical and mechanical properties, with a 10% increase in density contributing to enhanced strength and durability. Overall, this approach shows the potential to reduce formaldehyde emissions and improve the sustainability of particleboard production, improving both environmental and human health outcomes.

Foam materials produced from biopolymers stand out as a more environmentally friendly insulation material solution. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the development and optimization of chitosan-based foam materials using a Box-Behnken design. The foams were engineered using varying proportions of chitosan (0.5-3%), cellulose (0.5-3%), and zeolite (0.5-3%), targeting their application as thermal insulators. The physical and thermal properties of the foams that were produced were affected by the type and ratios of components, with density and thermal conductivity ranging from 0.0853 to 0.1915 g cm-3 and 0.0324 to 0.0921 W mK-1, respectively. Higher chitosan content improved insulation properties and mechanical strength whereas zeolite increments increased density and thermal conductivity. Using statistical analysis through the Box-Behnken design, we optimized the foam formulations, achieving minimum thermal conductivity and maximum compression strength at an averaged density, suggesting a strong potential for environmental sustainability applications. The recommended optimal chitosan:cellulose:zeolite composition ratio of 3:3:0.88 provides a valuable insight for tailored foam material formulation. This study shows the relationships between the composition of a composite material and its resultant properties, optimizing its preparation for industrial applicability in an environmentally conscious way within the context of insulation and construction. This investigation contributes to the field of material science by highlighting the versatility and potential of biopolymers but also aligns with the increasing need for green building materials.

Ahşap esaslı levhaların mobilya üretiminde etkili ve verimli kullanılabilmesi ve fire oranlarının azaltılarak üretim maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi amacıyla ebatlama işleminde optimizasyon programları kullanılmaktadır. Optimizasyon işlemleri hatalı kesimleri önlemekte ve ıskarta oranlarının azalmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, mobilya imalatında fason üretim yönteminin önemi, ahşap levha ebatlama işleminde optimizasyonun verim ve maliyet üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada üretimi planlanan dolap ölçülerinin 3 farlı boyutlu düz renkli ve desenli levha kullanılarak kesim optimizasyonu tasarlanarak levha boyutlarının ve rengin ebatlamada fire oranlarına ve maliyetlere etkileri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre tüm levha gruplarında düz renkli kullanımın daha ekonomik ve fire oranlarının düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Düz renk 2100x2800x18 mm ebatlı levha kullanımının diğer gruplardan daha uygun olduğu, desenli gruplarda ise 1830x3660x18 mm boyutlu levhaların daha uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca tüm gruplarında desenli levhaların fire oranı düz renklilere göre daha fazla olduğu ve 1220x2800x18 mm levha maliyetlerinin diğer boyutlardan 1,7 katından daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Free formaldehyde released after particleboard production poses significant risks to human and environmental health. This study investigated the impact of adding activated carbon produced from pine wood waste to particleboard on formaldehyde emissions to lessen this risk. In the first stage of the study, pine wood waste was activated with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at 600 degrees C for 90 min to produce activated carbon. The activated carbon was examined by scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. BET surface area of the produced activated carbon was 1102 m2/g. In the second stage of the study, activated carbons (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) were added to a commercially preferred three-layer particleboard to enhance its mechanical, thermal and physical properties. In addition, the effects of the activated carbon on the free formaldehyde emissions of particleboard at 0 and 6 months were investigated. It was found that the free formaldehyde emissions of particleboards with activated carbon addition decreased by 24% at 0 months- and 6 months by 27% compared to the control group. Thus, waste material that has become a more valuable product as activated carbon will minimize harm to the environment and humans.

Aim of study: This study aims to investigate the anatomical and fiber morphological characteristics of Jurinea consanguinea in the root, root collar, and stem, while also evaluating stem chemical composition. Area of study: The study area was in Coburlar Village, Zonguldak, T & uuml;rkiye. Material and method: Chemical composition of the stem was determined according to standard TAPPI protocols. To analyze the morphological properties of fibers and vessel elements, plant parts were macerated according to the sodium chloride (NaClO2) method. Anatomical sections were taken with the GSL-1 microtome. The RStudio program was used for the statistical analysis. Main results: It was determined that the chemical composition of J . consanguinea stem was holocellulose at 67.17%, alpha-cellulose at 31.13%, lignin at 12.54%, and ethanol solubility at 18.2%. Root, root collar, and stem fiber lengths were found to be 305.7 mu m, 278.31 mu m, and 1322 mu m, respectively. Secretory ducts were observed in the root and root collar's barks. Research highlights: In this study, the root, root collar, and stem anatomy of J . consanguinea, and the stem chemical composition were examined for the first time and introduced into the literature.

In this study, the effect of using foamed urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive in the production of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) on the properties of the board was investigated. A commercial foaming agent was used to increase the volume of UF adhesive by approximately 2.5 times. MDFs were produced using 6, 9 and 12 % adhesive and 1 % ammonium chloride hardener relative to the dry weight of the adhesive. The thermal degradation behavior of the foamed and control adhesives was determined by thermal analysis i.e., thermogravimetric (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses. It was found that the foaming agent did not affect the thermal degradation of the adhesive. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the volume of foamed adhesive and blending efficiency increased. It was determined that MDFs produced with foamed adhesive had better water absorption and thickness swelling properties than control boards. However, the internal bond strength (IB) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were found to be 8-14 % and 3-16 % higher, respectively, compared to the control samples. As a result, it can be concluded that the foaming process had a positive effect on the board properties and had the potential to reduce the amount of adhesive used.

Nowadays, the particleboard industry cannot meet the market's demand. Therefore, filler materials have started to be used both to conserve raw materials and to enable the use of wood-based boards in different areas. This study investigates the effects of incorporating different ratios of activated carbon (0%, 1.5%, 4.5%, 7.5%) on the properties of particleboards. The physical properties were examined, including density, moisture content, thickness swelling, and water absorption. The results reveal that the density increased with increasing activated carbon content while the moisture content decreased, indicating improved dimensional stability and water resistance. Additionally, the color properties were influenced by activated carbon, leading to a darker appearance with decreased lightness and yellow-blue components. The mechanical properties, such as internal bond strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity, showed significant enhancements with the addition of activated carbon, indicating improved bonding and increased strength. Moreover, the thermal conductivity decreased with increasing activated carbon content and improved insulation performance. Scanning electron microscope analysis confirmed the uniform distribution of activated carbon within the particleboard matrix, without agglomeration, positively impacting the mechanical performance. According to the thermogravimetric analysis results, the addition of activated carbon led to a decrease of up to 6.15% in mass loss compared to the control group. The incorporation of activated carbon at a ratio of 4.5% in particleboards confers notable enhancement to their physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics. These findings contribute to understanding the potential benefits and considerations of using activated carbon as an additive in particleboard production.

Medium density fiberboard (MDF) is widely utilized in furniture production. Most MDF in such applications has a surface laminate layer. The lamination process improves the physical and mechanical properties of the boards. The temperature, press time, and pressure values applied during the lamination process affect such properties. In this work, the lamination process was carried out using a constant temperature (180 °C), four different press times (18, 20, 22, and 24 s), and three different pressures (25, 30, and 35 kg/cm2). The raw weight of the decor paper was 90 g/m2 and UF and MF glues were used in its production. The properties of the laminated panels were then determined for each variation. In general, the water absorption and thickness swelling properties were improved at the lower pressure and higher press times. The internal bonding strength exhibited a linear change at different press times depending on increasing pressure values, whereas the changes in the bending strength and modulus of elasticity in bending were not statistically significant. It was concluded that the BS increased with rising pressure in the short-term lamination process and that the effect of the pressure on the BS declined with increasing press time.

In the production of particleboard, the chips emerging from the drying oven usually pass into the bonding process without sufficiently cooling down. Moreover, along with the effect of friction during the bonding process, the increased chip temperature boosts the consumption of resin/adhesive and affects the properties of the board. This study investigated the effect of chip temperature during the bonding process on the properties of particleboard. With this aim, the effects were determined for six different temperatures (25 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 35 degrees C, 40 degrees C, 50 degrees C, 55 degrees C) measured during the bonding of the chips. According to the results, optimum board properties were obtained from the groups in which the chip temperature measured during the bonding process was 30 degrees C -40 degrees C. Furthermore, it was determined that chip temperatures of above 40 degrees C during the bonding process significantly reduced the mechanical properties.

Dikili ağaçlardan çeşitli yaralama yöntemleriyle üretilen reçine, opak süt beyazı renkte, yoğun, yapışkan ve akışkan özellik gösteren bir üründür. Reçine literatürde rosin, resin ve oleoresin olarak üç farklı terimle ifade edilmektedir. Dünyada yaklaşık 100 çam türünden geleneksel olarak Çin yöntemi, Amerikan yöntemi, Hugues ya da Fransız yöntemi ve Mazek ya da Rill yöntemleriyle reçine üretimi yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca oyma delik veya Eurogem olarak isimlendirilen kapalı yara yöntemi de kullanılmaktadır. Dünya üzerinde iğne yapraklı ağaçlar dışında reçine üretimi yapılan diğer bazı önemli odun ve odun dışı bitkiler arasında Cistus ladanifer, Styrax officinalis, Ferula assa-foetida, Myroxylon balsamum, Boswellia serrata, Pistacia atlantica vd. türler yer almaktadır. Günümüzde Çin, Brezilya ve Endonezya dünyada dikili çam reçinesi üretiminin %90’nından fazlasını gerçekleştirmektedir. Reçine üretiminin % 68’inin oleoresin, %31’inin sülfat reçinesi ve diğer kısmının ise ekstraksiyon reçinesi olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. 2019 yılında 1.270,000 ton olan kolofan üretimi covid-19 etkisiyle 2020 yılında %9,45 oranında azalarak 1.150,000 tona düşmüştür. Benzer şekilde 2019 yılında dünyada toplam terebentin üretimi 345,000 ton olarak gerçekleşirken bu rakam 2020 yılında 325,000 tona gerilemiştir. Reçine ve kolofan gibi türevleri mikrokapsülasyon, fungisit, herbisit, ahşap koruma, kâğıt endüstrisi, biyoyakıt, nanomateryal, yeşil kimyasallar vb. alanlarda kullanılmaktadır.

Table tennis, which emerged in the late 1800s, has changed and developed with equipment development,as in many sports. In the early days, table tennis was played with parchment-covered long-handled rackets and corkor rubber balls. The game started to change with the invention of the hard rubber-coated racket in the 1930s, and thetable tennis racket also changed with the spread of composite materials. A racket blade made of wood can consist ofa single layer, or it mostly consists of 3-7 layers. The racket blade is produced 17 cm long and 15 cm wide on average.However, since there is no limitation in shape, size, and weight in their production, players choose racket bladesaccording to their playing style. According to the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) regulations, at least85% of the racket blade thickness must be made of wood, and the surfaces must be smooth and hard. Wood specieswith high impact absorption energy value are more suitable for table tennis blade production. There is an importantrelationship between the vibro-acoustic feature when the racket hits the ball and the racket blade. Density, hardnessresistances, compressive strength, bending resistance, impact absorption energy, vibro-acoustic properties should beknown in determining the suitability of the wood material to be used in the production of table tennis rackets. Varioustree species such as Hinoki, Limba, Balsa, Kiri (Paulownia), Ash, Spruce, Linden, and Walnut are widely used inracket blades production.

The aim of this study was to investigate the physical, mechanical, morphological, structural, and thermal properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biopolymer composites reinforced with thermally treated wood flour and to determine the formulations having optimum properties by using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. As a filler, Scots pine wood flour (untreated and thermally treated at 212 °C) was used at the loading rates of 10% and 30%. The samples were prepared using a twin-screw extruder and then by compression molding. The results showed that the addition of both thermally treated and untreated wood flour slightly increased the density of the composites. According to the color measurement, the thermally treated wood composites were slightly darkened in appearance. In the composites, with both wood fillers, the water absorption and thickness swelling ratios had increased during the 20–250 days of water exposure. Lower water absorption and thickness swelling rates were found for the composites with thermally treated wood filler compared to the other composites. The wood fillers generally lowered the mechanical properties of the PLA and PLA/PHB composites, with the PHB composites as the exception. However, the tensile modulus and Izod impact strength of the composites generally increased with the addition of wood fillers. Morphological examination performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the wood flour was mostly homogeneously distributed in the matrix, which improved the mechanical properties of the composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the addition of wood filler to the neat biopolymers as a rule did not provide significant improvement in the thermal stability; however, the fillers increased the thermal stability of neat PHB. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy detected no differences in the chemical structure of the composites. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated a general increase in the crystallinity with the addition of wood fillers to the neat biopolymers and the blends. All the findings were subjected to MCDM analysis to determine the formulation having the optimum properties and the results showed this to be the neat PLA sample.

Orman ürünleri sanayii istihdam ve ekonomik kalkınma bakımından önemli bir sektör olup, üretim faaliyetleri ağırlıklı olarak küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler tarafından yapılmaktadır. Son yıllarda sanayileşme sonucu artan tüketim ile, hammadde ve doğal kaynakların daha özenli kullanımını zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bu durum orman ürünleri sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işetmelere yönelik analizlerin yapılması ihtiyacını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmada Bartın’da faaliyet gösteren orman endüstri işletmelerine etki eden iç ve dış çevresel etkileri belirlemek amacıyla SWOT analizi gerçekleştirilmiş ve işletmeler için sektörel bazda SWOT faktörleri oluşturulmuştur. Bu kapsamda Bartın Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası’na kayıtlı toplam 56 firma tespit edilmiş ve bu firmalardan 30’una ulaşılarak yüz-yüze anket uygulanmıştır. Anket sonucunda güçlü yönlere ilişkin 8, zayıf yönlere ilişkin 11, fırsatlara ilişkin 12 ve tehditlere ilişkin 14 faktör belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar genel olarak incelendiğinde Bartın’daki işletmelerin en güçlü yönünün kaliteli işçilik ve kişiye özel tasarımlar üretmesi, en zayıf yönünün ise işletmelerin AR-GE faaliyetlerinden yeterince yararlanamaması olduğu belirlenmiştir. İşletmeler Bartın ve çevre illerde gerçekleşen/gerçekleşecek projeleri en büyük fırsat olarak görürken Bartın’daki ulaşım ve altyapı eksikliği işletmeleri tehdit eden en büyük faktör olmuştur.

The aim of this study was to investigate the surface protection effects of acrylic-based varnishes including TiO2 and Al2O3 nano-fillers in the conservation process of naturally aged and worn surfaces of historical and cultural wooden structures. The varnishes were applied to the wood surfaces with a brush and the varnish-coated samples were artificially aged in a weathering cabin. The changes in the surfaces of the samples were evaluated according to color change, micro hardness, abrasion tests, scratch tests, surface durability, and surface characterization via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal properties and morphological characterization of the varnishes with nano-fillers were also determined, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and FTIR analyses were performed. The results showed that the micro hardness, abrasion, and scratch values of the varnishes were not statistically significant. However, the values of the varnishes with TiO2 were determined to be slightly higher than those of the varnishes with Al2O3. The surface durability of the neat varnish was significantly improved by adding the nano-fillers. With the addition of the nano-fillers, the SEM revealed reduced thickness of the varnishes on the surfaces of the wood samples. The thermal properties, optical properties with UV-vis, and morphological structure of the neat varnish were improved by adding the nano-fillers, whereas the FTIR detected no difference in the bonding of the varnishes. The UV spectra of TiO2 and Al2O3 generally showed a peak at 354nm and 210nm wavelengths, which means that they exhibited good absorbance in the UV region. The results indicated that adding nano-fillers to the neat varnish could generally improve the outdoor performance and lifetime of historical and cultural wooden structures.

In this study, blends of polypropylene (PP) with polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biopolymers and wood flour were prepared, and Fuzzy and Grey Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods were used to determine the blends with the best properties. The physical, mechanical, thermal, structural, and morphological properties of the composites were determined. The obtained results showed that PLA and wood flour generally improved the mechanical properties of the PP composites. However, wood flour did not exhibit a homogeneous distribution in the matrix. The density of the composites generally increased with the addition of both PLA and PHB. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystallinity index of the composites generally decreased due to the low crystallinity of biopolymers. Thermal stability did not change with the addition of PLA and PHB, but the addition of wood increased thermal stability. According to the MCDM analysis, both Fuzzy and Grey results were similar.

Orta yoğunlukta lif levhalar (MDF) mobilya üretiminde yaygın olarak kullanılmakta ve yüzeyleri genellikle reçine emdirilmiş dekor kağıtları ile kaplanmaktadır. Laminasyon adı verilen kaplama işlemi, levhaların yüzey özellikleri ile boyutsal kararlılığını iyileştirmektedir. Kaplama malzemesinin özellikleri ve laminasyon parametreleri kaplanacak malzemeye göre değişmektedir. Bu çalışmada orta yoğunlukta lif levhaların laminasyon işleminde kullanılan sıcaklık ve süre değişiminin levha özellikleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 30 kg-f/cm2 sabit basınç altında 18s, 20s, 22s, 24s süre, 195 °C, 205 °C sıcaklık şartlarında laminasyon işlemi yapılmıştır. Her bir varyasyon için kaplanmış levhaların özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre daha düşük sıcaklık ve sürelerde kalınlığına şişme (TS) ve su alma (WA) değerlerinin iyileştiği belirlenmiştir. Yüzeye dik çekme direncinin (IB) sıcaklığın artmasıyla iyileştiği, süre değişiminde ise doğrusal bir değişimin olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Eğilme direnci (BS) ve eğilmede elastikiyet modülü direnci (MOE) değerlerinin genel olarak tüm sürelerde sıcaklık artışı ile arttığı, aynı sıcaklıkta ise süre artışının 195°C-22s koşulu hariç, her iki direnç değeri için doğrusal bir artışa neden olduğu anlaşılmıştır. En uygun sıcaklık-süre parametrelerinin BS için 195°C-22s, MOE için ise 205°C-24s olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kullanılan tüm laminasyon parametrelerinden elde edilen sonuçların TS EN 622-5 (2011) standardında istenen (kuru ve nemli şartlarda genel amaçlı levhalar) özellikleri karşıladığı tespit edilmiştir.