Almond (Prunus dulcis) is a nutrient-rich tree nut of global economic and dietary importance, with Iran serving as a key center of genetic diversity. This study evaluated 78 Iranian almond genotypes for pomological traits and major biochemical constituents to identify genotypes combining high yield potential with superior nutritional quality. Measured attributes included kernel and nut weight, oil and protein content, soluble and total sugars, phenolic compounds, and fatty acid profiles. Almond nut weight (NW) showed considerable variation (0.90-9.56 g), while kernel weight (KW) ranged from 0.53 to 3.38 g, with a mean of 1.34 g. Oil content ranged from 41% to 62%, and protein content from 27% to 55%. Among fatty acids, oleic acid (OA) was predominant (mean 74.35%), whereas linoleic acid (LA) and palmitic acid (PA) ranged from 11.65% to 31.18% and 1.00% to 9.03%, respectively. The Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) identified 12 superior genotypes displaying complementary profiles across morphological and compositional traits. Principal Component Analysis indicated that the first five components accounted for 74.2% of total variance, with PC1 primarily associated with morphological attributes and PC2 with lipid-related traits. Nut and kernel weights were strongly and positively correlated (r = 0.85*), whereas oleic and linoleic acids showed a strong negative association (r = -0.98*). No significant correlations were found between physical and biochemical traits, underscoring the potential for concurrent improvement of yield and nutritional composition. The substantial genetic variability within Iranian almond germplasm offers valuable opportunities for breeding programs to develop high-quality cultivars for diverse markets.

A large area of Iran has a dry and semi-arid climate. Therefore, the optimal use of water resources in the agriculture is very important. This research was carried out using split-plot arranged based on randomized complete block design with in four replications. The irrigation as main plots included three levels of 100%, 80% and 60% crop water requirement, and almond genotype as sub-plots included A1, A2, A3, A8, A11, A13, A15, A16, A19, and A22. The results showed that the irrigation level and almond genotype had significant effect on morphological and physiological traits of almond genotypes. Also, the interaction between irrigation and almond genotype significantly affected all morphological and physiological traits of the plant. In irrigations of 80% and 60% crop water requirement, shoot fresh matter was decreased by 14.3% and 35.4%, respectively, and shoot dry matter was decreased by 14.5% and 34.4%, respectively. In irrigation of 60% crop water requirement, the maximum and minimum specific leaf area (SLA) were in the A2 and A1 genotypes, respectively. Also, the maximum and minimum shoot fresh and dry weights were in A2 and A13 genotypes, respectively. However, the maximum and minimum leaf relative water content (RWC) were in the A11 and A3 genotypes, respectively. The morphological and physiological traits of almond genotypes showed that A13, A3, A16, and A19 genotypes had good tolerance to water stress.

The late frost spring is one of the most important limiting factors for almond production. However, different cultivars of almonds have various reactions to this process, the selection and introduction of cultivars that tolerate late frost spring is the most effective way to avoid cold damage. The present study aimed to investigate the importance of several physiological and biochemical characteristics related to cold adaptation mechanisms and their influence on tolerance to late-spring frost in almond cultivars. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (six cultivars of almonds and cold stress +4°C) with three replications, was carried out in the Biotechnology Laboratory at Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2022. Cold stress (+4°C) was applied on current-year branches of early-flowering (Seffid (A1), Mamaei clone (A2)), mid-flowering (SH21, A1-16) and late-flowering (MS13, AD55) almond tree cultivars for three days. The investigated traits included ion leakage, proline, proteins and soluble sugars, photosynthetic pigments, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and some antioxidant enzymes. The results by the selection index of ideal genotype (SIIG) showed that late-flowering cultivars MS13 and mid-flowering A1-16 were the most tolerant; the mid-flowering cultivar SH21 was semi-tolerant, whereas late-flowering cultivars AD55 and early-flowering A1 and A2 were the most susceptible to cold stress.

Different methods and indicators are employed to determine water quality. In this study, to assess the quality of the international Aras River, 16 parameters were analyzed at 19 stations with seasonal data collected over two years (2020 and 2021), and multivariate statistical analysis methods, including cluster analysis and factor analysis, were utilized. The cluster analysis results categorized the studied stations into four clusters based on quality. The primary parameters influencing the grouping of water quality at the stations were BOD, COD, and T. Coli in the first cluster; T. Coli and NO3 in the second cluster; TDS, EC, and Turbidity in the third cluster; and BOD, COD, TDS, EC, and Turb. in the fourth cluster, respectively. The principal component analysis and factor analysis results indicated that the first two components explained 86% of the total variance. In the first component, with an eigenvalue of 5.94, the most influential parameters in the qualitative classification of the stations included pH, DO, EC, T. Coli, NO3, and Hg. In the second component, with an eigenvalue of 2.72, the parameters BOD, COD, Turb., and As played the most significant role in creating quality differences among the stations. Therefore, based on the obtained results, it was revealed that the reason for qualitative changes at different stations is due to the entry of human pollutants from various urban, industrial, mining, and agricultural sources as well as erosion in the river basin. Therefore, given the high precision of the analytical methods used in the evaluation of the qualitative aspects of the studied river’s water, it can be acknowledged that multivariable methods such as cluster analysis and factor analysis, can confidently determine the water quality of rivers and significant parameters affecting their quality and identify pollutants in the management of river water quality.

Management of surface water resources is directly associated with determining the correlation between physical, chemical and biological variables and also identifying their natural and anthropogenic origin. The present study was conducted to scrutinize the correlation between the major parameters affecting the water quality of Shafarood River (Gilan Province, Northern Iran) and to monitor the water quality in different areas of the river using canonical correlation analysis and cluster analysis models, respectively. The measured parameters were five physical parameters and four chemical parameters at five stations based on Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 2015 over six years. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between two categories of response variables (physical parameters) and predictor variables (chemical parameters), which were mainly caused by anthropogenic pollution sources (effluents from residential and garden areas). According to the results of cluster analysis, the stations were grouped into two clusters based on the level of pollution, and the cluster grouping confirmed the data of the canonical correlation matrix. The research findings revealed the effectiveness of the obtained linear combinations for the physical parameters, including total suspended solids and turbidity, as well as the chemical parameters, including biochemical oxygen demand and nitrate. To conclude, the efficiency of canonical correlation analysis and cluster analysis methods was confirmed in identifying the determinant variables of water quality and in classifying the water quality monitoring stations in the optimal management of rivers.

Lead is a highly harmful environmental and occupational contaminant that works by inducing oxidative stress. Chelation therapy is the only treatment available in clinics for heavy metal poisoning, but it also has several adverse effects. This work assessed the in-vitro prevention effect of synthesized piroxicam derivatives for lead poisoning using the jobs techniques and NMR spectroscopy. Subsequently, in the presence of lead nitrate, the cytoprotection of piroxicam derivatives was assessed and compared with EDTA as an effective chelator. As a result, all synthesized compounds effectively chelated the lead ions. Furthermore, possibly due to the antioxidant activity of piroxicam derivatives, these compounds were even more effective in preventing cell death caused by lead poisoning than EDTA. The results showed that piroxicam derivatives are helpful in metal poisoning treatment due to their chelation ability and antioxidant activity.

In almonds (Prunus dulcis), selecting salt-tolerant rootstocks and genotypes is an appropriate breeding strategy. In the present research, we grafted two commercial almond cultivars (‘Sahand’ and ‘TS3’) on the ‘GF677’ rootstock. Then, we monitored the impact of salinity (0.5, 6.5, and 8.5 dS m-1) on the morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of the Sahand and TS3 cultivars. The photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll (a, b and total) content, and carotenoid content decreased with increasing salinity levels in both cultivars, with the least decrease observed in TS3. Under a salinity level of 8.5 dS/m, Sahand exhibited the lowest growth (8.9 cm), leaf area (5412.5 mm2), Chla, Chlb, Chltotal and carotenoid contents (0.58, 0.15, 0.74 and 0.31 mg g-1FW, respectively). Additionally, Sahand had a Fm/Fv (0.75), N content (1.33%) and Ca, B, Mg, S, Fe and Zn values of 1654.55, 1.64, 395.28, 168.6, 10.35 and 3.05 mg L-1, respectively. Furthermore, Sahand exhibited the highest MDA level (25.17 nmol g-1FW), TFC (2.95 mg GA g−1FW), Na content (649.84 mg L-1) and Cl content (3.52%). the lowest TFC (1.75 mg GA g−1FW) and the highest NHX1 expression, photosynthesis rate (5.65 μmol m-2 s-1), gs (0.1 mol m-1 s-1) transpiration rate (6.08 mmol m-1 s-1), Ca, S and B content (1903.63, 196.9 and 2.09 mg L-1, respectively) were belonged to TS3 under 0.5 dS/m salinity. Higher levels of Mg and Fe in the TS3 cultivar resulted in the stablization of photosynthetic pigments. Compared to Sahand, TS3 had a higher nitrogen content, and its greater NHX1 expression was a molecular confirmation of its salt tolerance.

The influence of storing almond kernel genotypes derived from reciprocal crosses of ‘Mamaei’ and ‘Marcona’ cultivars (referred to as ‘G1’, ‘G2’, ‘G3’, ‘G4’, ‘G5’ and ‘G6’) on diverse quality parameters, encompassing moisture, ash, protein, oil, carbohydrates, fiber, and total vitamin E was investigated. The kernels were stored for 0, 6, and 12 months at room temperature. The results showed that the highest fresh kernel weight was observed in the ‘Marcona’ parent and two progenies, ‘G5’ and ‘G3’, at harvest time. The highest amounts of soluble carbohydrates were found in the ‘G4’ genotype, while the highest amounts of insoluble carbohydrates were observed in the ‘Mamaei’ parent and ‘G5’ genotype. The highest protein content was found in the ‘Mamaei’ parent and ‘G4’ genotype, while the maximum oil content was observed in the ‘G5’ genotype. The ‘G6’ genotype had the highest amount of total vitamin E. All studied traits showed a decreasing trend during the storage period, with the lowest amounts observed in all selected offspring after one year of storage. The results highlighted variations in traits such as fresh kernel weight, soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, protein, oil, and total vitamin E among different genotypes. Moreover, all traits exhibited a decline in values during storage, emphasizing the importance of selecting high-quality genotypes like ‘G5’ for almond breeding programs.

Sour cherry is a tetraploid species, and gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) operates in this species in the same way as in other stone fruit trees. However, while self-compatibility is most common in sour cherry and self-compatibility (SC) genotypes are rarely found, both SI and self-compatible (SC) types are selected in sour cherry. In this work, S-alleles have been identified for 70 sour cherry accessions and cultivars from the Shabestar regions of Iran, with S-genotypes of 68 cultivars identified for the first time. To identify the S-alleles, PCR-based methods were used. The amplification of the different alleles using combinations of the four forward primers (PaConsI-F, PruC2, PaConsII-F, EM-PC2consFD) and the five reverse primers (PruC4R, PCE-R, PaConsI-Rnew, PaConsII-R, EM-PC5consRD) revealed that they were the most useful for the identification of the sour cherry alleles. Nine known S-haplotypes (S6, S4, S9, S6m, S6m2, S24, S26, S35, S36a) were identified. In our study, alleles S6, S9, and S6m2 had a high frequency. It was shown that the consensus primers can be used to detect incompatibility alleles in sour cherry accessions. Our study has proved that the diversity of S alleles between the studied accessions was low, indicating low genetic diversity, which could also be due to the selection of superior genotypes by farmers.

Almond ( Prunus dulcis Miller) is a major commodity with the highest nut production in the world. A core collection is of the utmost importance for fruit tree breeding programs from a managerial and economic perspective. In current study, an almond germplasm panel consisting of 228 genotypes was subjected to a comprehensive analysis for two years, which included 20 morphological and pomological traits. A curated ensemble of 28 almond genotypes or cultivars was precisely selected by applying stringent parameters through the use of the Power Core software, ultimately leading to the establishment of the novel almond core collection. It is noteworthy that this collection effectively contained 9.2% of quantitative traits and 3.5% of qualitative traits. In addition, variance difference (VD%) and mean difference (MD%) computations of quantitative and qualitative traits yielded values of 97.43% and 10.18%, respectively, thus indicating a profound degree of genetic variation in core collection. Moreover, the Shannon diversity index (H) pertinent to categorical traits demonstrated a substantial augmentation across all seven phenotypic factors. Cluster analysis indicated the core collection accessons were equally distributed among two distinct population groups. Furthermore, oil content measurement showed Ooil content ranged from 44.61% in genotype 151 to 62.72% in genotype C1, while fatty acid ranged from 60.20% in genotype K49 to 80.57% in Avizj, thereby indicating a metabolic variation in core collection germplasm. These results may provide valuable references and be conductive to the germplasm collection strategy, which may facilitate the improvement of almond in future breeding programs.

Background: Among the various assessment tools for learning, self-evaluation is an efficient method that enables students to reflect on their learning. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of self-evaluation by checklist in learning the principles of drug injection and the satisfaction of nursing students in the pharmacology internship in 2022 at Zanjan College of Nursing and Midwifery.Method: The present study was a quasi - experimental study that was conducted as a case-control study in the pharmacology internship unit on 36 students. In the case group (18 participants), each student completed the checklist 3 times in the presence of the instructor, after administering the drug, in three consecutive days. But in the control group, only the instructor, like the case group, completed the drug administration checklist. At the end of the internship, the satisfaction level of the students of both groups was measured by a satisfaction questionnaireResults: 55.56% of the students in the case group were male and 55.56% of the students in the control group were female. The mean and standard deviation of learning on the second and third day were respectively 11.44±1.68 and 14.78±0.548 in the case group and 8.78±1.26 and 8.00±1.45 in the control group, which was statistically significant (p=0.000). There was no significant difference in the level of satisfaction in the two groups.Conclusion: The use of self-evaluation method had a significant effect in training drug administration skills.

One of the main problems of fruit cultivation, especially peaches and almonds, is the lack of the application of the existing clone rootstocks such as the promising hybrid of peaches and almonds and its unavailability due to its propagation in Iran. So the seedling rootstocks are inevitably used. However these rootstocks cause many problems for the growers due to the lack of uniformity. In order to solve this problem, the effect of different concentrations of indole butyric acid on the rooting of hardwood cuttings ‘TF92’ (promising hybrid of peach and almond) was tested in a private sector greenhouse in Karaj equipped with a heating pad during 2019. In this paper, the effect of 4 different levels of indole butyric acid hormone (IBA) 0, 1500, 2500 and 3500 parts per million in solution on hardwood cuttings was studied in a completely randomized design in three replications. The results showed that there was a significant difference between various concentrations of indole butyric acid in terms of the effect on the characteristics of the mode of investigation such as the percentage of rooting, the number of roots formed, the dry weight of the roots, the length of the roots and the length of the resulting branches in the cuttings. Thus the highest rooting percentage (78.45) was found in the indole butyric acid (IBA) hormone treatment with a concentration of 2500 mg L-1 compared to other treatments. Therefore, this method can be recommended as a suitable treatment for the rooting of wood cuttings of this promising emerging rootstock. Also, the highest percentage of rooted plantlets was obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 1 mg L-1 IBA. According to this study, the concentrations of 1 mg L-1 IBA results in the maximum rooting, and it has been suggested as a suitable hormone for in vitro rooting of ‘TF92’.

ABSTRACT This research aimed to determine the pollution resources and the main parameters affecting the Aras River water quality, as one of the important rivers of the Caspian Sea watershed, within the borders of Iran, and to present control solutions. Hence, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to reduce data dimensions and determine the pollution criteria based on four physical and six chemical parameters premeasured at 19 stations between 2020 and 2022. The CCA results showed that pH and dissolved oxygen (as physical variables) and also mercury, nitrate, and sulfate (as chemical variables) had a significant role in predicting the canonical variables of chemical and physical parameters, respectively. These pollutants predominantly originated from anthropogenic pollution sources, including runoff infiltration from surrounding vast agricultural lands (based on the first principle component results accounted for 39.3% of the variations), and also the soil erosion in the watershed (based on the second principle component results accounted for 25.7% of the variations). To conclude, the Aras River water quality management programs should focus more on controlling anthropogenic pollution sources to monitor the status of effective physicochemical parameters using multivariate statistical methods, especially CCA and PCA methods.

BACKGROUND:Given the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to examine the economic response policies implemented by governments. This study aims to review evidence from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, including Iran, on COVID-19 economic response policies designed to protect households, vulnerable groups, and businesses. METHODS:Utilizing Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review methodology, electronic search engines and databases were systematically searched to identify published studies within the timeframe of December 31, 2019, to 2022. Additionally, a gray literature search for relevant policy documents and reports was conducted. The following six-step approach was employed: (1) defining the review questions, (2) identifying relevant studies through database searches, (3) screening studies for inclusion, (4) extracting and charting data, (5) analyzing and presenting results, and (6) providing guidance and suggestions. Narrative synthesis was utilized for data analysis. RESULTS:After a rigorous screening process, 53 studies were selected from a pool of 3392 search results. The findings are categorized into three primary groups: Households, vulnerable groups, and economic businesses. The majority of MENA countries implemented economic and social measures to support these groups, including stimulus packages, tax deferrals and exemptions, wage subsidies, and debt obligation deferments. The size of stimulus packages in MENA countries varied significantly, ranging from 0 to 14% of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The average stimulus package size in MENA countries was 3.67%, notably lower than the global average of 11%. Among the 64 selected countries, the average government support as a share of GDP was 6.3%, with Ecuador at the lowest (0.05%) and Germany at the highest (23%). In Iran, government financial support contributed approximately 7% to the Gross National Product. CONCLUSION:MENA countries, including Iran, implemented diverse economic strategies and policies in response to the critical circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, tailored to their specific conditions. Assessing the effectiveness of these policies and the extent of the pandemic's long-term economic, health, and lifestyle impacts requires a more extended timeframe.

Background:Measuring socioeconomic status (SES) as an independent variable is challenging, especially in epidemiological and social studies. This issue is more critical in large-scale studies on the national level. The present study aimed to extensively evaluate the validity and reliability of the Iranian SES questionnaire. Methods:This psychometric, cross-sectional study was conducted on 3000 households, selected via random cluster sampling from various areas in East Azerbaijan province and Tehran, Iran. Moreover, 250 students from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were selected as interviewers to collect data from 40 districts in Iran. The construct validity and internal consistency of the SES questionnaire were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed in SPSS and AMOS. Results:The complete Iranian version of the SES questionnaire consists of 5 factors. The Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0.79, 0.94, 0.66, 0.69, and 0.48 for the occupation, self-evaluation of economic capacity, house and furniture, wealth, and health expenditure, respectively. In addition, the confirmatory factor analysis results indicated the data's compatibility with the 5-factor model (comparative fit index = 0.96; goodness of fit index = 0.95; incremental fit index = 0.96; root mean square error of approximation = 0.05). Conclusion:According to the results, the confirmed validity and reliability of the tool indicated that the Iranian version of the SES questionnaire could be utilized with the same structure on an extensive level and could be applicable for measuring the SES in a broader range of populations.

Background: Failure to observe proper hygiene principles of water and swimming pool environment is effective in causing health problems and transmission of infectious diseases to swimmers. This study aimed to analyze the level of Escherichia coli and Heterotrophic Plate Count in mineral pools in Sarein.Methods: For this purpose, sampling was performed in each season, and the samples were tested according to the standard method. Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality or abnormality of the data. Then, through ANOVA, the differences between the seasons and the pools were compared in terms of the studied parameters.Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference between the spas in terms of the measured parameters. A comparison of the average data showed that the amount of contamination of mineral spas during the seasons with E. coli was more than the allowable value announced by the National Standard Organization of Iran. The amount of residual chlorine in all samples was zero and the pH was equal to 6.8. The results of principal component analysis showed that mineral spas No. 6, 2, and 11 had the highest HPC (Heterotrophic Plate count) and pH and 9 Cheshmeh, Ershad, and Ghahveh Sui mineral spas based on the second component had the highest E. coli; No. 7 had the lowest E. coli.Conclusion: Finally, it can be concluded that the cause of the contamination of mineral swimming pools in Sarein city is the high volume of passengers and the lack of proper sanitary management of swimming pools.

This study focuses on the genetic diversity and population structure of Prunus dulcis (almond tree), a crucial agricultural component with widespread cultivation and commercial importance, particularly in Iran, a region with a longstanding tradition of almond cultivation. The diverse almond collection in Iran encompasses many local varieties, breeding selections, rootstocks, and international cultivars. This diversity necessitates advanced genotyping techniques to gain insights into genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD). In this paper, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was employed to analyze 62 almond germplasm samples, identifying approximately 63,537 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across the eight chromosomes of the almond genome. On average, there were 30,225 SNPs per chromosome. The analysis yielded an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.315 and an expected heterozygosity (He) rate of 0.28, indicating a significant level of genetic diversity within the studied almond germplasm. The LD analysis demonstrated a rapid decline, with an average LD decay spanning approximately 300 kb for an r2 value of 0.2. This suggests substantial hybridization among the sampled almond varieties. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and structure analysis could not differentiate genotypes based on geographical origin, providing further evidence of genetic mixing among the studied almond populations. An Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) highlighted significant genetic diversity within populations but revealed minimal differences. This comprehensive study of Iran’s almond genotypes offers valuable insights for future breeding and conservation efforts, emphasizing this agriculturally significant species abundant genetic diversity and intricate population structure.

To investigate the effects of cultivars on dry nut weight, kernel weight, oil content, and the main fatty acids of some cultivars and genotypes of almond, this study was conducted in 2019 in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The findings revealed that the influence of genotype on all measured traits is significant. The results of oil content showed that D124 had the highest values in terms of oil content. Also, examination of kernel weight shows that there are significant differences between cultivars. So that the highest amount of kernel weight is related to genotype D at 2.19 grams, while the lowest amount of kernel weight is related to A5-17genotype at 0.52 grams. The investigation of nut weight analysis showed that genotype D had the highest value (6.40grams). All the traits considered in this research can be said that the D124 genotype and cultivars of Sahand, Shahroud 6, Saba, and Ruby respectively had oil content of 62.24, 62.12, 61.62, 60.41 and. 60.29 percent. In total, regarding to the all traits considered in this study, genotype D124 in the amount of 62.24% and then cultivars, Sahand, Shahroud 6, Saba, Ruby with oil values of 62.12%, 61.62%, 60.41% and 60.29, respectively. Also, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid in D124, Sahand, Shahroud 6, Saba, and Ruby were (5.44, 73.30 and 21.14%), (4.85, 76.33, and 18.48%), (5.64, 80.11 and 14.31%), (5.30, 73.89 and 20.80%) and (5.21, 77.44, and 16.32%) respectively. These are identified as the best cultivars and genotypes in terms of food quality in the climatic conditions of Karaj, which can be used for nutritional or technical applications to provide conditions for almond production and cultivation development.

Background: The importance of improving quality and performance in higher education has led various universities to turn to effective methods of educational evaluation, such as auditing. Objectives: The present study evaluated the academic performance of the Tabriz Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics postgraduate students, an Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management based on the Tennessee Academic Audit Model. Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted in 2019 with the participation of educational managers and faculty members of the same faculties in two phases consisting of self-assessment and external evaluation. After contextualization, the Tennessee comprehensive higher education audit checklist was used. Data were studied descriptively, and the results were reported as frequency (percentage) and mean ± standard deviation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used to evaluate the significance of the difference in academic performance between the educational groups. t-test was also used to evaluate the difference in performance scores in self-assessment and external evaluation phases. A P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The participants’ performance in the self-assessment phase was moderate (total score: 5.32), and their performance in the external evaluation phase was weak (total score: 2.75). The best and the worst self-assessment scores were in the dimensions of “overall assessment” and “follow-up of previous academic audits,” respectively. In the external evaluation, the dimensions of “contributions to the program and university goals” and “follow-up of previous academic audits” had the best and worst performance scores, respectively. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the Tabriz Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics of the Medical School needs to improve in terms of international standards. Therefore, managers and policymakers are required to implement interventions to address this gap.