This study examines the effects of various lathe turning parameters and cutting conditions on the average surface roughness of super duplex 2507 stainless steel which is predominantly used in oil, gas and petrochemical sectors due to its high strength and corrosion resistance. The machining experiments were conducted on a CNC lathe using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. The control factors included cutting velocity, feed rate, and depth of cut under dry and flood cooling conditions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify the influence of these lathe turning parameters on average surface roughness. Based on Taguchi design principle, signal-to-noise ratios were calculated. Results from empirical models and Taguchi analysis indicated that feed rate had the most significant effect on average surface roughness (Ra). The optimum values of CNC lathe turning parameters with dry cooling are found to be 47 m/min cutting velocity, 0.05 mm/rev feed rate and 0.15 mm depth of cut. Similarly for wet cutting, these parameters are found to be 94 m/min cutting velocity, 0.05 mm/rev feed rate and 0.05 mm depth of cut. The predicted optimum surface roughness was found to be 0.716 µm and 0.386 µm for dry and wet cutting respectively. The experimental verification showed that the predicted surface roughness has less than 10

Groundwater arsenic poisoning has posed serious health hazards in the exposed population. The objective of the study is to evaluate the arsenic ingestion from breastmilk among pediatric population in Bihar. In the present study, the total women selected were n = 513. Out of which n = 378 women after consent provided their breastmilk for the study, n = 58 subjects were non-lactating but had some type of disease in them and n = 77 subjects denied for the breastmilk sample. Hence, they were selected for the women health study. In addition, urine samples from n = 184 infants’ urine were collected for human arsenic exposure study. The study reveals that the arsenic content in the exposed women (in 55

Background Toxicity by pesticide has become a global health issue and leaves a harmful impact on human health via various ways. The people exposed to pesticides in the rural population get affected by the harmful effects of it as they enter the human body system through skin, inhalation, oral administration, food chain and many more ways. The present work is designed to study the toxic effect of endosulfan in male (n=30) and female (n=30) Swiss albino mice. Endosulfan was administered by oral gavage (oral administration) method, at the dose of 3.5 mg/Kg body weight daily for period of 3 weeks, 5 weeks and 7 weeks. After the completion of the treatment, the mice were sacrificed and their ovary and testis tissues were dissected out to check the degeneration. The blood was collected for karyotyping, biochemical and hormonal analysis of pesticide induced genotoxicity. After 7 weeks of administration with Endosulfan, various abnormalities were observed in male and female mice. Results Treatment with endosulfan at the dose of 3.5 mg/Kg body weight caused a higher degree of degeneration in the reproductive organ of Swiss albino mice . Treatment by this pesticide generated degeneration in long duration of dosage for 3,5 and 7 weeks. Ovaries of endosulfan administered groups showed degenerated germinal epithelium, Graffian follicles and corpus luteum. In testis of endosulfan treated mice, microscopic examination showed that there is significant damage and reduction in the tissue of seminiferous tubules and primordial germ cells. High degree of degeneration caused the disarrangement and deformation of spermatogonia with the decrease in the number of Sertoli cells. Biochemical and hormonal properties was also affected by endosulfan treatment. There was significant 5 folds decrease in the testosterone value of endosulfan in 7 weeks treated mice in comparison to control (p < 0.0001) and similarly there was significant elevation in the estrogen levels found in 7th week endosulfan treated mice. It also influenced the level of free radicals as there was significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in the value in catalase levels in 7 weeks endosulfan treated male and female mice, while significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the values of lipid peroxidation levels as 8 folds and 10 folds in 7 weeks endosulfan treated male and female Swiss albino mice respectively. This study hence speculates that the endosulfan exposed population are at the risk of reproductive health hazards. Conclusions The present study thus concludes that, endosulfan after 7 weeks of exposure caused significant reproductive damage to both male and female Swiss albino mice groups. Moreover, the karyotyping study also correlated the genotoxic damage in the mice.

Groundwater poisoning by heavy metals has caused serious health hazards in the exposed population globally. Manganese (Mn) poisoning causing human health hazards is very meagerly reported worldwide. The present research elucidates for the first time the catastrophic effect of manganese causing cancer in the Gangetic plains of Bihar (India). The blood samples of n = 1146 cancer patients were voluntarily obtained for the study, after their consent. Their household water samples were also collected for the study. All the samples were analysed for Mn contamination by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The study indicates high Mn contamination in the cancer patient blood samples with highest content as 6022 mu g/L. Moreover, the cancer patient's household handpump water samples also contained elevated Mn contamination. The correlation coefficient study finds significant association between Mn contamination in blood of cancer patients and their handpump water. The carcinoma group of cancer patients mostly in Stage III & IV had significant Mn contamination in their blood (above WHO/BIS permissible limit). The geospatial study depicts Mn contamination in handpump water in the state of Bihar in correlation with cancer patient's blood samples. This novel finding is being reported in India for the first time, which correlates cancer with handpump drinking water. The long-term Mn exposure could be one of the causative agents for elevating cancer incidences. However, other confounding risk factors cannot be denied.

This paper presents the machinability of titanium super alloy Ti-6Al-4V using micro electro discharge milling (Micro-ED Milling). Material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness were analysed using L18 orthogonal arrays of experiment. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, empirical models have been developed. Optimum values of micro-ED milling parameters to achieve maximum MRR, minimum TWR and minimum surface roughness (Ra and Ry) were obtained. The optimum parameters were found to be 100 nF capacitance and 80 V gap voltage which leveraged 57.8 μg/s MRR and 0.96 μg/s TWR with 90% desirability. In addition, the optimum parameters for the minimum surface roughness were found to be 1 nF capacitance and 80 V gap voltage which produced 0.086 μm Ra and 0.63 μm Ry with 99% desirability. Experimental studies were conducted using optimum micro-ED milling parameters to validate the results. It was found that the predicted values were within 10% of the experimental values.

Application of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is found to increase tool life by reducing temperature generated at the cutting zone. However, uncontrolled vibration, known as chatter, remains as a critical issue in micro milling using MQL. Hence, researchers are looking for an imminent tool based micromilling process to improve tool life, machined surface quality and accuracy. This paper presents the ANOVA approach to analyse the synergistic effect of MQL and chatter in tool based micromilling. DT-110 (Mikrotools Inc, Singapore), a high- precision CNC micromilling machine, was used to produce microchannels on copper workpiece using 500 mu m diameter end milling tools. The machining process was lubricated using MQL system (Bluebe FK) with a biodegradable vegetable-based oil. Microchannels were machined following Taguchi Orthogonal Array (L-16) design comprising micromilling and MQL parameters. Then amplitude of chatter and spindle speed frequency were analysed as chatter ratio. The research showed that the nozzle direction has the highest significance for chatter. The spindle speed has the lowest influence compared to other parameters such as nozzle pressure, MQL flow rate and depth of cut. Several interactions between parameters were also found to be significant. The interaction between MQL flow rate and nozzle direction was found to be most significant. Finally, this experimental investigation found 3.75 ml/hr MQL flow rate, 270 degrees flow direction, 0.275 MPa nozzle pressure, 50 mu m depth of cut and 50000 rpm spindle speed as optimum.

Polypropylene is extensively used in aerospace, automotive and construction applications due to its versatile properties. This project aims to reduce plastic and oil palm waste and promote the development of strong, sustainable and eco-friendly construction materials. The objective of this project is to develop a sustainable yet high-performance construction material by incorporating polypropylene particles, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres and oil palm shell (OPS) particles into epoxy composites through the hand lay-up method. The composite specimens undergo ASTM D638 tensile test to determine the tensile properties. The addition of PP particles in varying weights shows decrease in tensile strength, likely due to poor dispersion and compatibility with the epoxy matrix. Incorporating 3 wt% OPEFB fibres with fibre length from 2mm to 4mm improves tensile strength by 2.32% and 23.36% respectively at higher PP particle loadings which are 15 wt% and 25 wt%. Adding 1 wt% and 3 wt% OPS particles improves the tensile strength by 2.96% and 4.68% respectively, in composites with 10 wt% PP particles and 3 wt% OPEFB fibres. The tensile performance may be improved by treating PP particles with compatibilizers such as silane or maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene.

BACKGROUND:While modeled estimates and studies in contaminated areas indicate high lead exposure among children in Bihar, India, local data on lead exposure in the child population is limited. OBJECTIVES:To characterize lead exposure, and assess potential sources of lead exposure among a state-representative sample of children and their pregnant mothers residing in Bihar. METHODS:Blood samples were collected from 697 children under five and 55 pregnant women from eight districts in Bihar. Blood lead levels were determined using capillary blood and a portable lead analyzer. Household demographics, home environment, behavior, and nutrition information were collected through computer-assisted personal interviews with primary caregivers. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between potential risk factors and elevated blood lead levels. RESULTS:More than 90% of children and 80% of pregnant women reported blood lead levels ≥5 μg/dL. Living near a lead-related industry and pica behavior of eating soil were significantly associated with increased odds of having elevated blood lead levels. Additional risk factors for having a blood level ≥5 μg/dL included the use of skin lightning cream (aOR = 5.11, 95%CI: 1.62, 16.16) and the use of eyeliners (aOR = 2.81, 95%CI: 1.14, 6.93). Having blood lead levels ≥10 μg/dL was also significantly associated with the household member who had an occupation or hobby involving the use of lead (aOR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.13, 2.72). DISCUSSION:Elevated blood lead levels were prevalent among children and pregnant women in Bihar, indicating the urgent need for a comprehensive lead poisoning prevention strategy.

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Mohamed Irfan Bazrul Jama, H. C. Alexander Chee, S. Ramesh, Seri Rahayu Ya’akub, Zunaidi Ibrahim, Mohammad Yeakub Ali; Engineering analysis of an upright wheel assembly for passenger vehicle. AIP Conference Proceedings 10 January 2023; 2643 (1): 050003. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0113876 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

In recent years, many parts of the world, including Argentina, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, China, Cambodia, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Mongolia, Nepal, New Zealand, Poland, Taiwan, Vietnam, and the USA, have highlighted the contamination of groundwater by geogenic arsenic (As) as an environmental catastrophe. More than 300 million people worldwide are at risk if the WHO's provisional drinking water guideline of 10 ppb of As is followed. Of these, more than 45 million people, mostly in developing countries in Asia, are at risk of exposure to more than 50 ppb of As, which is the maximum concentration limit in drinking water in the majority of Asian countries. As many as 70 million people could be at risk of chronic arsenic poisoning in South and Southeast Asia, especially in the eastern to north-eastern region of India and neighboring Bangladesh. It is generally known how serious arsenic contamination is in the eastern Indian state of Bihar, which is next to West Bengal. Out of 38 districts, 22 were found to have drinking water with arsenic levels over the WHO's provisional guideline of 10 µg/L. It is estimated that more than 10 million people consume water containing arsenic at levels more than 10µg/L, and 33% of the hand tube-well samples tested for arsenic had levels higher than the WHO's provisional guideline. Arsenicosis, also known as excessive and prolonged exposure to toxic inorganic arsenic, is a term used to describe a range of health issues associated with exposure to arsenic, including abnormalities of the skin; internal cancers of the bladder, kidney, and lung; diseases of the blood vessels in the legs and feet; possible diabetes; high blood pressure; and reproductive issues. Especially when consumed by drinking water, food made with this contaminated water and food crops irrigated with high-arsenic water resources, arsenic exposure is frequently undetected due to its physical properties: no odor, no color, and no flavor. Long-term exposure to arsenic has a number of health hazards that have drawn attention on a worldwide scale. For the removal of arsenic, there are various options. Arsenic short-term solutions, alternative deeper aquifers (those that are hydrogeologically compatible), and surface-water-based supplies may be used. In-situ removal of arsenic is currently being prioritized since it is environmentally favorable because no sludge is created. However, the development of knowledge and ability among the inhabitants of the affected areas is essential to the effectiveness of any arsenic mitigation program. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the future technologies needed to be developed for decontamination of aquatic arsenic. Few studies clearly indicate that the zirconium MOF (UiO-66) works efficiently to decontaminate aquatic arsenic. As a conclusion, we think there are good chances for the development of affordable and environmentally friendly bio-remediation technologies like MOFs and other absorption techniques, which present fantastic opportunities for the treatment of arsenic in affected areas and in the treatment of industrial wastewater. We are sure that the creation of the necessary arsenic remediation technique is feasible given the most recent developments in bioremediation. The issue of the exposed population will undoubtedly be resolved by all mitigation measures.

Nowadays, using nanotechnology in science and industry improves the yield of different processes. The machining process using hybrid nanofluids requires further research to better understand the mechanism of tool wear and the fundamental aspects are not yet ventured. In machining, tool wear is common problems that exist for quite some time. In addition, milling process of Aluminium Alloy was challenged due to a strong adhesion particularly in higher temperature. Deposition of chips material during the process at the tool edge may induce several tool failures such as build-up edge, chipping and flaking. Eventually, tool life, manufacturing cost and product quality were the factors that normally effects by tool wear. However, the severity of tool wear can be reduced by applying a cutting fluid to the tool-workpiece interface. This paper intends to discover the effects of tri-hybrid nanofluids in end milling process of Aluminium Alloy 6061-T6 mainly on wear conditions of uncoated and double-layered PVD coated inserts. In this research works, three different nanoparticles SiO2-Al2O3–ZrO2 were dispersed in 60:40 of deionized water and ethylene glycol. The concentration was prepared between 0.06 and 0.12 wt.

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Dewan Muhammad Nuruzzaman, A.K.M. Asif Iqbal, Noor Mazni Ismail, Mohammad Yeakub Ali, A.K.M. Parvez Iqbal, Nayem Hossain; Properties of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6-polypropylene composites under tensile loading. AIP Conference Proceedings 10 January 2023; 2643 (1): 050062. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110365 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

In the present study, varying amounts of zirconia (ZrO2) (1, 2, 3 and 5 wt

Cutting-edge technological advancements have dramatically shifted toward flexible and wearable electronic devices. Intrinsic conductive polymer Polyaniline (PANI) is acting as a protagonist in this sector because of its synergistic optical and electrical properties of both metals and semiconductors. However, PANI applications can be restricted due to their rigid-brittle form, relative conductivity, and specific choice of solvents for processing. Integrating PANI with textile material can provide interesting interactive functionality for wearable electronics applications. This paper investigates the electrochemical characterization and joule heating performance of Polyaniline (PANI) induced cotton fabric by implementing a straightforward in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization. Conductivity augmentation of PANI-induced Cotton fabric is performed using a facile pre-treatment process and by varying dopant concentrations. Optical microscopic imaging, SEM, probe conductivity test, FTIR analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and joule heating performance were performed to justify the findings. The impact of the pretreatment process using NaOH can enhance the conductivity significantly by reducing the surface resistivity to 1.39 k omega/cm, which showed better performance than fabric coated with Poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS, 10 Dipping cycles). Additionally, the PANI-treated fabric has a long-term heating capacity. A DC bias power source with a voltage range of 1-30 V was used to study the fabric Joule heating behaviour. Uniform heating and a subsequent steady temperature profile are observed. The PANI coated fabric could be used for sensing, joule-heating, and electromagnetic shielding applications in wearable electronics and advanced transport design.

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Amir Asyraaf bin Aziz, Zunaidi Ibrahim, Md Asri Muhammad, S. Ramesh, Seri Rahayu Ya’akub, Mohammad Yeakub Ali; Design and fabrication of an autonomous smart golf caddie. AIP Conference Proceedings 10 January 2023; 2643 (1): 050006. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110427 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Nur Qayyimah Julkipli, Mohammad Yeakub Ali, Erry Y. T. Adesta, Muataz Al Hazza, Ramesh Singh, Zunaidi Ibrahim; Carbon footprint and climate change: Perspective of Brunei Darussalam. AIP Conference Proceedings 10 January 2023; 2643 (1): 050039. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110362 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search

Supplier evaluation and selection are key components in the supply chain because supplier performance directly affects the supply chain's efficiency. Therefore, companies should think strategically when they need to select their suppliers. Thus, selecting and evaluating new suppliers is essential in shaping the supply chain's smoothness and efficiency. Selecting suppliers is a complex issue as it involves many factors and decisions to be considered and needs to be assessed with an auditing process. However, a supplier audit is an expensive way to evaluate supplier capability. This research aims to propose a supplier selection model for a corrugated carton manufacturing company. The SOCCER model, developed by Steve Rogers, was used as the supplier selection criteria. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used in the supplier selection. A face-to-face interview method was used in collecting data. The results show that the cost structure is the ultimate concern on supplier selection which bears 44.2% of the SOCCER model, followed by operational capability (23%), customer approach (13.5%), economic performance (8.3%), strategic direction (6.9%), and lastly research and development (4.1%). The percentages inform the company how much attention they need to pay when evaluating and selecting a new supplier. ABSTRAK: Penilaian dan pemilihan pembekal adalah kunci utama dalam rantaian bekalan kerana prestasi pembekal secara langsung melibatkan kecekapan rantaian bekalan. Oleh itu, syarikat perlu memikirkan secara strategik apabila ingin memilih pembekal. Dengan demikian, pemilihan dan penilaian pembekal baru adalah penting dalam pembentukan kelancaran rantaian bekalan dan kecekapan. Pemilihan pembekal adalah isu kompleks kerana ianya melibatkan banyak faktor dan keputusan perlu difikirkan dan perlu dinilai bersama proses audit. Namun, audit pembekal adalah mahal bagi menilai kemampuan pembekal. Kajian ini mencadangkan model pemilihan pembekal bagi syarikat pembekal kotak karton. Model SOCCER dicipta oleh Steve Rogers, telah digunakan sebagai kritia pemilihan pembekal. Proses Hirarki Analitikal (AHP) digunakan dalam pemilihan pembekal. Kaedah temuduga bersemuka digunakan dalam pengumpulan data. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan struktur harga adalah kehendak utama dalam pemilihan pembekal iaitu 44.2% daripada model SOCCER, diikuti kemampuan operasi (23%), pendekatan pelanggan (13.5%), prestasi ekonomi (8.3%), misi strategik (6.9 %), dan akhirnya penyelidikan dan pembangunan (4.1%). Peratusan ini berguna untuk syarikat dalam memberi keutamaan dalam penilaian dan pemilihan pembekal baru. ABSTRAK: Supplier evaluation and selection are key components in the supply chain because supplier performance directly affects the supply chain's efficiency. Therefore, companies should think strategically when they need to select their suppliers. Thus, selecting and evaluating new suppliers is essential in shaping the supply chain's smoothness and efficiency. Selecting suppliers is a complex issue as it involves many factors and decisions to be considered and needs to be assessed with an auditing process. However, a supplier audit is an expensive way to evaluate supplier capability. This research aims to propose a supplier selection model for a corrugated carton manufacturing company. The SOCCER model, developed by Steve Rogers, was used as the supplier selection criteria. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used in the supplier selection. A face-to-face interview method was used in collecting data. The results show that the cost structure is the ultimate concern on supplier selection which bears 44.2% of the SOCCER model, followed by operational capability (23%), customer approach (13.5%), economic performance (8.3%), strategic direction (6.9 %), and finally research and development (4.1%). The percentages inform the company how much attention they need to pay when evaluating and selecting a new supplier.