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La Correspondance de Girolamo Zorzi: Ambassadeur vénitien en France (1485–1488). Joël Blanchard, Giovanni Ciappelli, and Matthieu Scherman, eds. Travaux d'Humanisme et Renaissance 604. Geneva: Droz, 2020. lxvi + 296 pp. €51.70. - Volume 75 Issue 4

This chapter, based on the most recent bibliography, presents an overview of European research on a topic that has been the object of much debate in the last several decades. The debate on apprenticeship involves the debate on guilds, the chances of joining them for outsiders and the career opportunities they offered. Education and the learning of technical knowledge or exploitation of the youth workforce? Recent studies have highlighted the many differences existing in Europe: in the Italian urban crafts, for example, since the Middle Ages, apprentices usually received a wage at the end of the contract, while in other contexts, apprentices paid a "training premium" to masters. The theme of apprenticeship also refers to different family patterns in Europe, as well as to different educational practices of the new generations. Last but not least, apprenticeship organised by the guilds mainly concerned the male labour force, while girls often learned a craft at home or in charity institutions. But even here there are exceptions, as in the case of some French cities, where female guilds still existed in the early modern period.

Este libro, publicado en 2018 por Berghahn Books bajo el auspicio del Instituto Internacional de Historia Social de Ámsterdam, condensa un conjunto de reflexiones alrededor de la pregunta “¿qué es el trabajo?”. Con una perspectiva multidisciplinaria y anclada en los estudios de género, se analizan las múltiples actividades que las mujeres realizaron en el hogar desde el siglo XVI hasta la actualidad y se indaga si fueron o no consideradas trabajo por diferentes actores sociales en cada contexto histórico específico. El libro persigue con ello un objetivo político: contribuir a la valoración de los trabajos domésticos y de cuidados, realizados mayormente por mujeres en todo el mundo.

TSEG (Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis) - The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History, is het Nederlands-Vlaamse vaktijdschrift op het gebied van de sociale en economische geschiedenis

Although women's property rights in Genoa diminished from the middle of the 12th century, their economic activities and freedom of action remained important. The paper compares the situation in Genoa with that in other Italian cities, in particular Venice.

Anche se i diritti patrimoniali delle donne a Genova diminuiscono a partire dalla metà del XII secolo, le loro attività economiche e la loro libertà di azione permangono importanti. L’intervento propone un confronto tra la realtà genovese e altre realtà urbane italiane, in particolare Venezia.

The article presents first results of an ongoing research on an unusual source, namely the testimonies submitted to the Venetian court of the Giudici dell’Esaminador in the context of inheritance procedures for testaments “per breviario”, that is ‘short-form’ and only oral wills. Those who believed that they had been designated orally as the heir of a deceased person had to present a list of witnesses to confirm their claims. This type of documentation illustrates a different way of organizing a succession, an alternative to the (written) will deposited with a notary and the procedures for intestate succession, which are also well documented for the Venetian case. The crucial role of witnesses makes it possible to reconstruct networks of relationships, highlighting the role of servants in everyday life and as an element of communication between houses.

Professeure associata d’histoire moderne a l’universite de Rome-La Sapienza jusqu’a sa retraite, en 2017, Angela Groppi avait, auparavant, longtemps travaille a la Fondazione Basso de Rome et a l’Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Treccani. Elle avait egalement ete professeure invitee a l’Institut europeen de Florence, a l’universite Paris Diderot et a l’EHESS, avant que l’universite italienne ne lui ouvre enfin ses portes, en 2000. Ses premiers travaux portaient sur la Revolution francaise et, dans ...

À partir des premiers résultats d'un projet de recherche international, l'article examine l'organisation de l'apprentissage à Venise à l'époque moderne, du point de vue de la législation et des pratiques contractuelles. Les spécificités de l'apprentissage dans les métiers artisanaux et dans les métiers artistiques sont analysées, à une époque où ces deux milieux tout en étant encore étroitement imbriqués, se différencient progressivement. L'apprentissage à Venise a été l'objet d'une attention constante de la part des autorités, au Moyen Âge et à l'époque moderne, ce qui a eu la conséquence de produire des sources historiques que l'on peut considérer comme exceptionnelles dans le contexte européen.

The desire of the Republican state to regulate the production and sale of food led to the establishment, during the twelfth century, of the Giustizia Vecchia, a magistracy which later developed an authority over the majority of the city’s guilds. The further decision to set a public register of contracts of apprenticeship reflects the ambition of Venetian authorities to regulate and control both vocational training and access to the urban job market, acting as a guarantor between masters and young apprentices. This chapter presents an historical overview of apprenticeship in early modern Venice, examining the development of the city’s legislation on the matter, and analysing a new sample of contracts recorded in the city’s apprenticeship registers during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In particular, we discuss the complex relationship between the general legal framework established by Venetian public authorities and the particular set of norms detailed in guilds statutes. Our analysis reveals that apprenticeship contracts were used to accommodate a variety of situations, including paying for intense training to masked working contracts, while following the general framework provided by state and guild regulations. We then present an in-depth study of apprenticeship contracts from three crafts (goldsmiths, carpenters and printers), chosen for their economic importance, and because they possibly represented different realities in terms of technological specialization, capital (or labour) intensiveness and typology of market. This highlights yet another aspect of apprenticeship in Venice: the influence of guilds. Some guilds such as the Goldsmiths, were more closed to foreigners, favouring Venetians instead. Apprenticeship in early modern Venice is an institution which, despite appearing as highly regulated and formalized, accommodated a variety of realities with remarkable flexibility.

Dès le XIIIe siècle, la République de Venise promulgua des lois pour réglementer apprentissage et service domestique, en imposant l’enregistrement des contrats auprès de magistratures spécifiques. En dépit des différences, apprentissage et service sont souvent rapprochés, voire assimilés, aussi bien dans la législation que dans les contrats. L’analyse d’un échantillon de contrats du XVIe et du XVIIe siècle met en lumière les multiples tâches de « service » imposées aux apprentis, de même que les différentes significations du verbe « servir » selon les métiers et selon le sexe de l’apprenti.