The urban mobility landscape is undergoing unprecedented transformation, driven by complex global transportation, sustainability, and urban development challenges. This comparative study critically examines Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) strategies across six cities, representing geographical developmental contexts, employing a rigorous analytical framework to deconstruct urban mobility transformation approaches. The research reveals nuanced strategies for mobility integration through systematic comparative analysis, identifying key mechanisms that enable successful urban transportation redesign. The study uncovers distinctive patterns of institutional innovation, policy adaptation, and technological integration that characterise transformative urban mobility strategies. Critical insights emerge highlighting how cities with different socio-economic backgrounds develop unique yet interconnected approaches to urban transportation challenges. The research provides a comprehensive comparative lens, demonstrating that effective urban mobility transformation transcends geographical boundaries, requiring adaptive, context-sensitive strategic frameworks that balance technological innovation, social equity, and sustainable development objectives.

Walkability is currently a significant research topic because it influences health, social, and environmental aspects. However, there is very little research has been conducted to provide specific information about the research gap on that topic. Identifying research gaps before beginning research on a specific topic is critical for providing novelty. Therefore, identifying the existing research gaps in walkability and grouping them into a theme is the purpose of this study. A systematic literature review is applied. 101 articles from 2022 to 2023 are collected to present research gaps in the Walkability studies in recent years. Those data then are analyzed by using a simple affinity diagram to group the research gaps into themes. The review reveals the majority of papers focus on walkability factors and their relationships, including physical walkability factors, perceived walkability factors, walking behavior, physical activity, and social conditions. The findings of this study will aid researchers in architecture, urban planning, and urban design in more easily determining research gaps and providing a quick grasp of a comprehensive understanding of research gaps from the last two years over the world concerning walkability studies.

The aim of this research is to map out existing knowledge regarding the relationship between walkability and built environment studies in order to comprehend global trends in this area within four decades between 1976 and 2022 by using two sophisticated tools called VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The issues on the dependence on motorized transportation has been receiving high attention in this 21st century. Keeping up with the high pace of publications on the holistic knowledge is significant. The bibliometric technique provides a more in-depth understanding of the knowledge and anticipates patterns for future study. This study utilizes the core collection of the Web of Science (WOS) database. The data extraction period is set from 1976 to 2022, yielding 2,004 publications. The results reveal a rapid increase of publications. The USA is the most prominent country in exploring the notion in this field, which is followed by Australia and Canada. Furthermore, the built environment, walking, and physical activity are the highly discussed topic during the four decades. The built environment is an underlying factor for walkability within the macroscale and microscale which affect environment, health, and social aspect. Those factors then influence the willingness of people to walk for their daily needs to their destinations. The findings present a development trend and a rigorous framework, which could help scholars and practitioners further investigate this subject in anticipating future development trends and lead to more advanced research in this field.

We observed a linear behaviour of intermetallic compound (IMC) layer growth in electronic metallurgical interconnections, although the time required was twice that of commercial reliability standards for electronic packaging. This finding contradicts the classical parabolic growth law, which is widely reported to represent growth behaviour. We suggest that the parabolic growth law may be inadequate to thoroughly explain the IMC layer's growth by considering (a) one-directional growth and (b) reactions between elements for formation and growth. Further analysis has been carried out to analyse the logical judgment of the parabolic growth law and support our finding over linear IMC layer growth behavior.

Urban land readjustment (ULR) is a land management approach that aims to achieve comprehensive and sustainable urban development by reorganising land ownership patterns, improving infrastructure, and enhancing public spaces. While ULR has been successfully implemented in various countries, its adoption and implementation have been unique challenges in Malaysia. Through semi-structured interviews among planners involved explicitly in land readjustment, this paper examines the challenges of implementing ULR in Malaysia from the planners’ perspectives. Data from the interviews were analysed using content analysis techniques. Findings from the analysis revealed that the key challenges of implementing land readjustment are the source of funds, public participation, and the absence of specific laws. By understanding these challenges, policymakers and urban planners can develop strategies to overcome barriers and effectively utilise ULR as a tool for sustainable urban development in Malaysia.

Walkability is a significant and well-known study to make the built environment to be walkable. However, there is a scarcity of material that aims to investigate the structure and research trends of walkability in recent years. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review is to investigate the structure and research trends in walkability. By applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) review method, a systematic literature review (SLR) identifies 50 studies by walkability from 2021 to 2022 from the 3 well-known databases for searching scientific publications including Web of Science, Scopus, and Sage. A mapping technique using VOSviewer to identify thematic focus is employed. Based on these 50 studies, it shows that the existing research on walkability within two years consists of some conceptual aspects that underlying walkability studies including ‘the built environment’, ‘walking’ and physical activity’, which then leads to one or some specific problems on physical or perceived factors which ultimately aim to create a walkable area. Hence, it is significant to do more research on the integration between factors in this field to solve the dependence on motorized transportation for future scholarly work. In addition, the usage of tools could enrich the existing literature on this field. It is also noted that various age perceptions to solve walkability issues need to be considered. The research also emphasizes significant authors, journals, references, countries, and organizations that have contributed to the development of the walkability literature to elaborate in more detail on thematic focus.

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) can be one of the tools to achieve sustainable urban management (SUM), as promoted by SDG11 on Sustainable Cities and Communities. In the context of Malaysia, TOD is seen as a potential solution to urban challenges, i.e., traffic congestion, pollution, rising cost of living, lack of employment opportunities, and the prevalence of crime. However, in determining a balanced approach to SUM, TODS must have a framework of indicators that can be used to guide its implementation so the three sustainable development dimensions are catered for, particularly the economic dimension. A review of previous studies and literature on TOD revealed a dearth of studies on economic indicators for TOD in Malaysia. Using the sequential mixed methods approach, this research aimed to improve the current implementation of TOD for sustainable urban management by proposing a framework for practical economic indicators of TOD and endeavouring to close the gap in practical TOD assessment in Malaysia. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used to extract the economic indicators before deploying a questionnaire survey for experts’ validation. A total of 48 economic indicators that are practical to implement for TOD were produced based on the experts’ opinions. These indicators would serve as measuring tools for ensuring sustainable TODs that not only provide greater transit facilities but are also resilient in facing future urban challenges.

Purpose This study intends to analyze the trend of walkability research over two years (2021–2022) in several aspects, including the research problem, gap and aim underlying walkability issues, research setting, the scale of analysis, the type of data, the data collection tool, the analysis method and contribution. Design/methodology/approach Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is employed to conduct a systematic literature review from three leading databases including Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and Sage. Findings From the review, it can be concluded that the research focuses on two aspects, namely, the built environment and people. The studies in this field are conducted at different scales of the built environment, from macroscale to microscale, including region, city, neighborhood and street-level studies that are conducted around the world including Asia, Europe and America which receive high attention from researchers. Meanwhile, the study of walkability in Australia and Africa gains less attention. It is revealed that there are four factors of walkability including land use and accessibility for macroscale which cover region, city and neighborhood, while street network and pedestrian infrastructure and facility are mainly analyzed for street-level. Most of the studies widely utilize a quantitative approach for analyzing physical walkability factors in a measurement-based approach by using certain tools/software, and a perception-based approach by using questionnaires. Research limitations/implications The findings can assist to keep up with the rapid pace of scientific publications and help accelerate the understanding of particular ideas in the field of walkability for the planning and design practice and policy that can be used by researchers/academia, urban designers, urban planners, architects, engineers and policymakers. Also, this study hopefully could assist further research direction for the future and could add value to a more advanced way of understanding the research on walkability. Originality/value This research provides a robust framework for walkability trend analysis and a comprehensive understanding of the main ideas from the existing research on walkability worldwide.

Cr-substituted Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8-delta (Tl-2212) high temperature superconductor for x = 0-0.5 has been prepared using the standard solid-state reaction method. The precursor powders consisting of Ba2CaCu2Od were sintered at 900 degrees C for 24 h. The powders were then added with Tl and Cr, ground and pressed into pellets. The pellets were heated at 910 degrees C in oxygen flow for 4 min followed by furnace cooling. The d.c. electrical resistance (R) versus temperature (T) measurements were carried out using the four-point probe method with silver paste contacts. The transition temperature was determined from the slope of the resistance versus temperature graph. The superconducting critical region was divided into three: onset transition temperature (Tc-onset), middle transition temperature (Tc-mid) and zero-resistance temperature (Tc-zero). The non-substituted sample showed onset transition temperature, Tc-onset of 97 K. The x = 0.2 sample (Tl1.8Cr0.2Ba2CaCu2O8-delta) showed the highest Tc-onset (102 K). Further substitutions of Cr (x >= 0.3) decreased the transition temperature. All samples except the non-substituted samples showed at least two peaks in the dR/dT curves. This indicated that super-conductivity within grains and intergrain occurred at different temperatures for all Cr-substituted samples. This work showed that Cr (x = 0.2) slightly enhanced the transition temperature of Tl-2212.

Sustainable urban regeneration (SUR) represents an advanced and comprehensive approach to urban regeneration, aiming to integrate the three key pillars of sustainable development. While various global framework exist for measuring sustainable urban regeneration performance, a dedicated method tailored to the specificities of the Malaysian context remains absent. This study addresses this gap by developing SUR evaluation method for Malaysia, utilising indicators as a means to gauge sustainability performance. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to solicit assessments from key experts regarding potential SUR criteria and indicators. The resulting data were analysed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to establish weightage based on priority scales. Results from the study identified ten (10) fundamental criteria and thirty-three (33) indicators, each assigned respective weightage, pivotal in achieving sustainable urban regeneration. This study contributes to the improvement of sustainability performance of urban regeneration initiatives in Malaysia by introducing a novel evaluation method. As a way forward, it is recommended that the practicality and capability of the proposed evaluation method be assessed through real-life case study in Malaysia.

An assessment bias happens when an assessed property signifies intolerable proportionate between the assessed and market values; reflecting its uniformity within the valuation list and possessing inequity across the group of properties defined by the value. To correct the assessment bias, local government usually revaluates its valuation list. While most other developed countries perform the revaluation whenever the assessment’s performance is intolerable, the Malaysian existing law urges the revaluation to be as a quinquennial event. Globally, local assessors use the standard ratio studies promulgated by the International Association of Assessing Officers (IAAO) to measure and evaluate the severity of the assessment bias. Adopting the IAAO standard, this research had performed the ratio studies in Hang Tuah Jaya Municipality for the fiscal year of 2017. The research had revealed a significant assessment bias between the lower-value and higher-value properties and other significant property feature that associated with the assessment bias.

Living heritage runs the risk of being lost forever, or frozen as a practice of the past, if not promoted in the community. The preservation of this history, its transmission to following generations, and its ability to transform and adapt to any circumstance, are all made possible by strengthening living heritage. Investigating the function of living heritage in advancing education for sustainable development has been deemed a crucial goal by quality education as Sustainable Development Goal number 4 (SDG 4). The aim of this article is to gather information on living heritage conservation toward creating a sustainability community by using the community-based education model on the communities’ attitudes, cultural knowledge, and awareness of the importance of living heritage, and their participation level towards living heritage conservation in Melaka UNESCO World Heritage Site. This study uses the quantitative method of online questionnaire survey technique to collect data. There are 392 respondents from the multicultural community of Melaka World Heritage Site, who randomly responded. Based on the mean comparison in gender, age level, and race, there is a positive significant relationship between the importance of living heritage and the local community’s participation level. The increasing of the participation level to ACTIVE would lead to a higher altitude, cultural knowledge, and awareness of the importance of living heritage in the local community.

Living Heritage or intangible cultural heritage is defined as human skills and knowledge, practices, expression, and instruments that form the transmitted practices of local people. Threatened by globalization and cultural modernization, many emotions and manifestations of Intangible cultural heritage are in crisis because of the lack of responsibility, recognition, awareness, and education in the community. Using the community-based education principal model, the information-based community will be identified in this study to assess Community strength and needs before planning the action for quality and effective community-based education for living heritage conservation.

Urban regeneration has become an essential spatial strategy to resolve urban decay issues in many countries and regions which is in line with the ‘2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to build sustainable cities and communities worldwide. Although urban regeneration is the desired solution for deprived cities, not all are successful in following the sustainable development path as more emphasis is on economic objectives over the environment and social sustainability. Thus, this study presents the conceptual framework that integrates sustainable development aspirations in the urban regeneration practice as the way forward. A qualitative method (content analysis approach) is adopted in this study by reviewing current and past studies on sustainable urban regeneration, using Mendeley as the search engine and ATLAS.ti for analysing. Findings from the literature review identified fundamental criteria and indicators of sustainable urban regeneration according to the three dimensions of sustainable development. A strategic approach to achieving sustainable urban regeneration is also identified which indicates that planning and social sub-systems are the crucial components or the enablers that integrate sustainability in urban regeneration initiatives. This study concluded that urban regeneration could be the solution to resolve urban decay and build sustainable cities if the town planning and social sub-system are incorporated appropriately within the sustainable urban regeneration framework.

While globalization has provided many prospects for the construction sector to expand, with firms now able to venture into other countries to initiate building projects, the challenge this represents in terms of regulations and performance is considerable. The scarcity of research exploring this important issue means that there is a pressing need for thorough investigative research which offers empirically-based intuitions on the assimilation of local and foreign construction firms, particularly in the context of developing countries. This study reviewed the presence of foreign construction firms in the Malaysian construction industry (MCI) by exploring regulations and performance-related issues. A systematic literature review was conducted by employing the summative content analysis methodology. The key concerns observed were the Malaysian liberalization policy, the governing rules and the actual performance of foreign construction firms. The formation of backward linkages was found to be one of the most substantial ways by which Malaysia could benefit from the participation of foreign construction firms. Therefore, this article suggests that the government has a vital role to play in promoting the formation of backward linkages between foreign construction firms and local business entities. This study marks a significant contribution to current knowledge of the critical elements involved in the relationship between MCI and foreign construction firms in Malaysia.

Urban regeneration is deemed as an applicable approach in resolving the intricate problems encountered in run-down old cities via numerous initiatives toward the improvement of physical, economic, social, and environmental conditions. Generally, urban regeneration supports sustainable development as it utilizes the already developed land. Nevertheless, implementing this approach poses some setbacks because often the focus is more on accomplishing economic regeneration while overlooking the implications on social and environmental sustainability. This paper aims to investigate the issue in the local context, by evaluating the impacts of urban regeneration initiative implemented in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Certain social sustainability indicators are examined through questionnaire survey conducted to the 400 residents living within 2 km vicinity of Kuala Lumpur (KL) Sentral which is one of the urban regeneration initiatives done in Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur. The resulted analysis indicated there are positive impacts in few indicators following urban regeneration, such as the provision of community benefits as well as the improved living environment. Nonetheless, the implications are inconsequential for other indicators, signifying the needs for a comprehensive method that concentrates more on improving the quality of life for residents living in run-down old cities. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge in urban regeneration studies in Malaysia by demonstrating that further efforts are crucial to improve the social sustainbaility performance of urban regeneration initiative by integrating the fundamental determinants within the policy framework.

By a lack of support, appreciation, and understanding, many expressions and manifestations of intangible cultural heritage are under threat, endangered by globalization and cultural homogenization. Intangible cultural heritage has risks becoming lost forever or frozen as a practice belonging to the past if not raised in the community. To strengthen the intangible cultural heritage keeps it alive and continuity, preserving this heritage and passing it on to future generations, and allowing it to change and adapt to any situation. Quality education as a Sustainable Development Goal number 4 (SGD 4) has identified a critical priority in investigating the role of intangible cultural heritage in expanding Education for Sustainable Development. Safeguarding intangible cultural heritage can effectively contribute to sustainable development within each economic, social, and environment while also contributing to peace and security. This paper provided the literature review as an analysis method with a rationalistic approached and discussed the Living Heritage Site Conservation Education for the Community-based in Penang (Malaysia), Singapore, Philippine, and Europe. It is important to note that any efforts to conserve the intangible cultural heritage should be aimed not only at development benefits; the most important thing is to comprehend the local people’s needs. It is indispensable to promote public awareness of intangible cultural heritage conservation protection toward sustainable development using education programs to achieve cultural heritage conservation efficiency. In conclusion, the key a quality education, which brought in the Community-based Education for Living Heritage Conservation, fulfills people’s needs and helps link and empower both local people and the community to conserve the living heritage successfully.

Over the last few decades, the concept of resilience has received a great deal of attention in urban contexts. Universities are a hub of learning in the urban system, with diverse stakeholders facing various risks. As a result, to mitigate the adverse effects of any calamity, it is in the university's best interest to embed resilience components. There are still few studies on campus that address the concept of resilience. As a result, the purpose of this descriptive-analytical study is to create a practical framework for examining factors that specifically impact the physical characteristics of campus resilience, with the University of Malaya as a case study. The physical dimension measurement tools are developed through a systematic review of the literature and validated through expert interviews. The AHP method is used to weight 12 indicators to assess U.M. resiliency through four different buildings. According to the findings, each building has a different level of resilience index ranging from 0.30 to 0.80, and building characteristics play a critical role in U.M. resiliency. As a result, the final index reveals that U.M. has a moderate level of resilience.

Waqf land is a religious property that is provided as a charity act by a donor and placed under the jurisdiction of the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs). The SIRCs are the sole trustees in charge of governing, managing, and developing these properties. SIRCs have been working to develop waqf lands through a variety of projects and ways that adhere to best practices and a sound management system. However, the waqf's potential for greater outcomes is yet to be optimised. This research has reviewed the literature of waqf land development approaches and practices in Malaysia and it has tabled the significant development approaches that can be implemented by the SIRC. These approaches and practices may overcome the issues and challenges faced by the SIRCs in developing waqf land.

The idea of hyper-fast travel in the framework of General Relativity has firstly been introduced by Miguel Alcubierre. It was interesting, as it shows the possibility to locally modified spacetime surrounding an intended vehicle to move at huge speed which is rather different than the method of spacetime topological breaking as in a wormhole theory. Instead of puncturing through a hole in spacetime as in a wormhole, this method of spacetime geometrical modification, manipulates the geometrodynamics contraction and expansion of spacetime curvature so that the intended object's hypersurface surfs on the surrounding spacetime hyperspace. In this paper we will explore in more detail mathematically, how the concept has been derived in the framework of General Relativity. Starting from developing the metric to the expression of energy density that governs the spacetime "surfing" geometrodynamics in relation with the necessary parameters describing the spacetime warp bubble.