Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (ITACs) are uncommon, high-grade epithelial tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with an annual incidence of <1 case/100,000 individuals. These neoplasms are aggressive, progress rapidly, and exhibit striking morphological, immunophenotypic, and molecular resemblance to primary colonic adenocarcinoma. We present two cases of mixed ITAC in a 35-year-old male farmer and a 28-year-old housewife both presented with epistaxis. This report details their clinicopathological features alongside recent advancements in molecular pathology from the literature. ITACs should remain an important differential diagnosis when evaluating nasal polypoid lesions. Diagnosis is based on high-resolution imaging, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic examination, and definitive histopathology. Management involves a multimodal therapeutic approach including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Given the aggressive nature of these tumors, early recognition and prompt therapeutic intervention are essential for improving patient outcomes.

Metallurgical defects specifically inter-droplet arc-shaped holes and cold laps are the principal barrier to structural reliability in molten metal jetting (MMJ) additive manufacturing, yet their governing physical mechanism has remained unresolved. This study establishes kinematic locking as the governing defect mechanism — a competition between capillary filling and the convergence of an arc-shaped solidification front that irreversibly entraps hole defect before the impinging melt can fill the inter-droplet valley. Using a fully coupled 3D multiphase fluid-thermal-solidification model with explicit free-surface dynamics and substrate remelting, capabilities absent in prior two-dimensional thermal models. We resolve the impact dynamics, capillary oscillation, heat transfer, evolution of the arc-shaped solidification front, and the critical timescale hierarchy tosc< 90° and the two-dimensional solidification angle, βs < 90°, conditions quantitatively mapped to the Stefan number (Ste) and dominated by substrate temperature (Tsub). Increasing Tsub is shown to mitigate this by reducing θs, increasing βs and extending the viscous relaxation time. Three distinct solidification regimes are identified: a defect-dominated regime (Tsub ≤573K), a transition regime (573K≤ Tsub ≤ 873K), and a defect-free fusion regime (Tsub ≥ 873K). Comparative analysis of pure Al and AlSi10Mg further reveals that the wider mushy zone of the alloy acts as a viscous shock absorber, suppressing capillary oscillations and eliminating ripple imprinting. Model predictions for ripples and solidification front evolution (arc-shaped front), solid layer thickness, solidification angles, and hole depth, agree quantitatively with prior experiments and analytical solutions, validating the model’s high fidelity. This work provides actionable guidelines for substrate preheating and alloy selection, establishing a robust pathway for defect-tolerant MMJ.

Metallurgical defects, specifically inter-droplet arc-shaped holes and cold laps, remain a principal barrier to structural reliability in molten metal jetting (MMJ), and the coupled fluid–thermal mechanism linking ripple formation, interfacial remelting, and solidification-front evolution has not been resolved within a single, fully coupled predictive framework. This study identifies kinematic locking — a competition between capillary filling and the convergence of an evolving arc-shaped solidification front — as a controlling mechanism that can entrap an inter-droplet void before the impinging melt fills the valley. Using a fully coupled 3D multiphase fluid-thermal-solidification model with explicit free-surface dynamics and substrate remelting, capabilities absent in prior two-dimensional thermal models, we resolve the impact dynamics, capillary oscillation, heat transfer, evolution of the arc-shaped solidification front, and the critical timescale hierarchy tosc < tsol < tdamp that governs ripple imprinting on the first deposited droplet and the subsequent defect morphology upon second-droplet impact.We demonstrate that defect formation is reproducible and parameter-controlled rather than random: arc-shaped holes occur when the droplet's solidified angle θs > 90° and the two-dimensional solidification angle βs < 90°, conditions quantitatively mapped to the Stefan number (Ste) and dominated by substrate temperature (Tsub). Increasing Tsub is shown to mitigate this by reducing θs, increasing βs, and extending the viscous relaxation time. Three distinct solidification regimes are identified: a defect-dominated regime (Tsub ≤573 K, Ste ≥ 0.99), a transition regime (573 K< Tsub < 873 K, 0.99 > Ste > 0.17), and a defect-suppressed fusion regime (Tsub ≥ 873 K, Ste ≤ 0.17). Comparative analysis of pure Al and AlSi10Mg further reveals that the wider mushy zone of the alloy acts as a viscous shock absorber, suppressing capillary oscillations and eliminating ripple imprinting. Model predictions for ripples, solidification front evolution (arc-shaped front), solidified layer thickness, solidification angles, and hole depth, agree quantitatively with prior experiments and analytical solutions, validating the model’s consistent quantitative agreement capability. This work provides actionable guidelines for substrate preheating and alloy selection, establishing a practical, physics-based pathway for defect-tolerant MMJ.

Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is a rare and aggressive malignant mixed Müllerian tumor, accounting for <2% of all ovarian malignancies. Characterized by biphasic histology with epithelial and mesenchymal components, OCS predominantly affects postmenopausal women and carries a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is challenging due to a nonspecific clinical presentation, often requiring a combination of imaging. A 51-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with lower abdominal pain, postmenopausal spotting, and significant weight loss. Imaging revealed bilateral solid–cystic adnexal masses with metastases to the peritoneum, omentum, and stomach. The initial biopsy suggested high-grade serous carcinoma. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of OCS, revealing both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. OCS is an uncommon and highly aggressive neoplasm that requires detailed histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry for identifying its biphasic nature. Multimodal management combining surgery and chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment. Awareness and early recognition are critical to improving clinical outcomes in affected patients.

The rapid growth of portable electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale systems intensifies demand for fastcharging, high-performance energy storage devices. In this work, activated carbon from white chickpeas (ACH) is synthesized via a two-step carbonization and potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation process conducted entirely in air at three temperatures, offering a scalable, cost-effective route without inert gases. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses confirm that ACH-550 exhibits a highly porous framework with a surface area of 860 m2 g- 1, enabling efficient ion transport. The mesoporous structure accommodates lithium, sodium, and potassium ions, supporting fast-charging across multiple applications. In supercapacitor (SC) testing using 1 M KOH, ACH-550 delivers 436 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 and retains 70 F g- 1 after 10,000 cycles at 10 A g- 1. As a lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode, it delivers 691 mAh g- 1 at 100 mA g- 1 and retains 133 mAh g- 1 after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g- 1. For sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), it provides 693 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g- 1, maintaining 90 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g-1. These results demonstrate the promise of biomass-derived carbon electrodes for multifunctional, fast-charging energy storage systems.

Improvement of as-solidified material properties requires control and understanding of parameters governing the solidification process; in particular, capturing the full-field evolution of local solidification time, composition, and transport phenomena across the solidifying domain is critical to establish a direct link between the local solidification characteristics and the final microstructure and material properties. In this article, we modelled the alloy solidification process from the integrated computational materials engineering perspective. The full-field evolution of key solidification parameters, namely the local solidification time, cooling rate, and resulting composition, microstructure and material properties, is investigated across the domain. For this, a transient numerical solver is developed in OpenFOAM (R) that integrates the alloy solidification model with the empirical microstructure and material properties models. Empirical models for microstructure (Primary dendritic arm spacing, Secondary dendritic arm spacing) and material properties (Yield strength, Ultimate tensile strength, Shear strength, Fatigue strength, Hardness) require input data such as the local solidification time, cooling rate and compositions. The evolution of thermal, flow, solid fraction and solute segregation fields, along with the final as-solidified composition predicted by the validated transient numerical solver, provides these key inputs. The results reveal strong spatial variations in the solidification parameters, the solidified composition and the derived properties across the casting domain. The cooling rate is maximum near the chill and decreases with increasing distance before rising again toward the end. Consequently, Primary dendritic arm spacing and Secondary dendritic arm spacing exhibit the inverse trend, with finer dendritic spacings near the chill and coarser structures toward the center, which directly translate into mechanical heterogeneities consistent with experimentally reported ranges. The formation of channel segregates introduces sharp mesoscale heterogeneities in solute composition, dendritic arm spacing and properties. Overall, the developed full-field framework enables quantitative prediction of local and global variations in as-solidified microstructure and mechanical properties, thereby establishing a direct process-structure-property link that forms a basis for horizontal integrated computational materials engineering with downstream manufacturing processes such as forging, rolling, and homogenization.

The rapid expansion of portable electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale energy systems intensifies the demand for high-performance, fast-charging energy storage devices. This study reports a novel 3% Fe-doped Co₂SiO₄/activated carbon (ACH) composite anode, where the activated carbon is derived from white chickpeas, for lithium-ion battery (LIB) and lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) applications. The composite anode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of ∼1750 mAh g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹ in LIBs and retains 199 mAh g⁻¹ at a high current density of 1 A g⁻¹ upon cycling. Under fast-charging conditions (200–600 mA g⁻¹), the electrode consistently delivers ∼511 mAh g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹, demonstrating excellent rate capability. When assembled into an LIC device, the system achieves an energy density of 64 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 1000 W kg⁻¹ and maintains 88% capacity retention after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles at 5 A g⁻¹. An LED illumination test further demonstrates the practical applicability of the device. Overall, these results establish Fe-doped Co₂SiO₄/ACH as a promising dual-functional electrode material for advanced lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion capacitors.

Efficient electrode materials are essential for advanced energy storage and conversion applications. In this work, pristine MoS2 and Ni-doped MoS2 (Ni–MoS2) nanoflakes were synthesized through a simple one-step hydrothermal method. Structural analyses confirmed the successful incorporation of Ni species into the MoS2 framework while preserving its layered hexagonal structure and hierarchical nanoflake morphology. The incorporation of Ni modified the local electronic environment, reduced the optical bandgap, and improved the electrical conductivity of MoS2. Owing to the improved conductivity and enhanced electrochemical activity induced by Ni incorporation, the Ni–MoS2 electrode delivered a high specific capacitance of 613 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, which is significantly higher than that of pristine MoS₂ (400 F g−1). A symmetric Ni–MoS2||Ni–MoS2 supercapacitor device exhibited stable electrochemical performance and successfully powered a red LED. Furthermore, a solid-state supercapacitor fabricated with a PVA–H2SO4 hydrogel electrolyte, exhibited stable electrochemical performance. In addition, Ni–MoS2 supported on nickel foam demonstrated enhanced bifunctional electrocatalytic activity toward HER and OER in alkaline electrolyte. The assembled Ni–MoS2/NF||Ni–MoS2/NF electrolyzer delivered 10 mA cm−2 at a low cell voltage of 1.52 V and maintained stable electrochemical operation even at 500 mA cm−2. The enhanced electrochemical and electrocatalytic performances are attributed to the synergistic effects of Ni incorporation, improved electrical conductivity, modification of the local electronic environment, and the hierarchical porous nanoflake morphology. These findings demonstrate the potential of Ni–MoS2 as a promising multifunctional electrode material for energy storage and alkaline water-splitting applications.

In molten metal jetting (MMJ), cumulative heat accumulation between successive deposits progressively modifies the local thermal field and solidification dynamics, causing morphological instabilities and porosity defects during pillar growth. To quantify these coupled thermo-fluidic effects, a validated, high-fidelity multiphase fluid-thermal-solidification model was developed, explicitly enabling substrate remelting and capturing sequential micro-droplet impact, spreading, oscillation, freezing, and remelt-driven flow. Using this framework, a non-dimensional analysis was performed by introducing a Modified Stefan number (Stemod) that unifies droplet superheat and substrate preheat, together with an inverse Fourier number (Fo- 1) representing the imposed deposition frequency. The results show that at low Fo- 1 (long inter-drop intervals), droplets solidify as discrete bead-like units with limited remelting, often leaving weak inter-droplet bonding and pronounced ravines, whereas at high Fo-1 the reduced thermal relaxation time promotes heat accumulation, extensive remelting of previous deposits, and a transition toward unstable, coalesced/bulbous morphologies. These transitions are systematically organized on a Stemod - Fo-1 space, confirming the proposed dimensionless criteria captures the thermal-temporal conditions governing instability. The model further isolates three defect pathways (i) gas-film entrapment at impact (pinhole initiation), (ii) remelting-enabled pore detachment and migration within recirculating flow, and (iii) bubble entrapment associated with liquid-liquid interaction and capillary pinch-off. To mitigate heat accumulation defects, an adaptive deposition-frequency control strategy is proposed based on maintaining an equilibrium thermal state governed by deposition frequency (f), droplet temperature (Td), and substrate temperature Tsub (with Tsub as the dominant control). This strategy limits thermal buildup while retaining sufficient remelting for bonding, improving morphological stability and reducing porosity. Finally, a scaling-based process window guideline defined in Stemod - Fo-1 space delineates conditions for defect-minimized micro-pillar fabrication and provides quantitative guidelines for optimizing droplet-based metal additive manufacturing.

The mainstay of treatment for ovarian cancer is surgery. To prevent under-treatment and overtreatment and to choose the best surgical strategy for patients with ovarian tumors, intraoperative pathological assessment is essential. Frozen sections (FSs) have been historically used for intraoperative evaluation. In 1927, cytology was introduced by Dudgeon and Patrick as a new method of intraoperative pathological examination. Diagnosis can be made in minutes by making smears from the lesion, staining them quickly, and analyzing them under a microscope. Following a comprehensive search of the literature, using pertinent keywords in PubMed, and reviewing the data, it was discovered that intraoperative cytology (IOC) had been reported to have a diagnostic accuracy in ovarian lesions comparable to that of FSs. Few of the studies have confirmed that IOC has several benefits over FSs. There are drawbacks as well, which one should be mindful of. In this review, every aspect that is connected to IOC is covered in detail, along with the potential for raising the standard of IOC to make it more applicable in the present times.

Crafting and developing nanostructured electrocatalyst materials that are both active and stable plays a pivotal role in the shift toward economically viable hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting, paving the way for the future replacement of fossil fuels. Such materials need to be cost-effective, simple to produce, and durable. In this context, the current research delves into improving the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalytic performance by incorporating cerium (Ce) into iron disulfide (FeS2) catalysts, using an uncomplicated hydrothermal fabrication approach. The study systematically examines the effects of various Ce doping levels on electrocatalytic activity. Notably, the catalyst with 15% Ce doping demonstrated exceptional efficiency, reducing the overpotential to 369 mV at 100 mA cm(-2) current density. This enhanced performance can be attributed to the reduction in total charge-transfer resistance and a significant increase in the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA). Furthermore, the durability assessment of the 15% Ce-doped sample revealed its ability to sustain its catalytic activity for over 100 h under a continuous HER operation at 300 mA cm(-2), with low performance-falloff. These results highlight the potential of Ce-dopping of FeS2 catalysts as a formidable choice for achieving efficient and long lasting HER electrocatalysis.

Renal papillary adenoma (RPA) is a rare benign tumor that is usually asymptomatic and incidentally detected. Although typically benign and of low malignant potential, close monitoring and further investigation is warranted due to the potential association with renal cell carcinoma and other associated conditions as per the present literature. We performed a clinicopathological evaluation of incidentally detected renal papillary adenomas to ascertain features having a prognostic impact along with the systematic review of literature. All cases of incidentally detected RPA of the kidney from January 2019 to December 2022 were assessed for size, site of adenomas, clinical features, associated conditions, clinical diagnosis, and a number of adenomas. Each feature was noted and correlated with the associated conditions of the patient and prognosis. We received a total of 62 nephrectomies, in the Department of Pathology, AIIMS Rishikesh, for non-functioning kidneys from January 2019 to December 2022, four cases exhibit incidentally detected renal papillary adenoma. Medical renal biopsies received during the period were 330 in number and only one case shows renal papillary adenoma along with IgA nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) lesion. The association of both entities is unclear in the medical literature and is a rare finding. Two cases of chronic pyelonephritis demonstrate multiple adenomas of varying sizes and one was associated with hepatitis B virus infection. Our study outlines histomorphology spectrum of incidentally detected RPA and emphasizes its frequent occurrence in patient undergoing nephrectomies for non-functioning end-stage kidney diseases and rare association of IgA nephropathy. Limitation of the study was a small number of cases with follow-up.

This study systematically investigates the impact of scanning style on the mechanical and tribological performance, densification behavior, and microstructure evolution of titanium parts prepared via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF). The parameters considered include normal load, sliding velocity, and sliding distance. The results indicate a minimum friction coefficient of 0.32 and a maximum wear rate of 16.29 x 10(-5) mm(boolean AND)3/(N center dot m). The transition from adhesive to abrasive wear mechanisms corresponded with the shift from minimum to maximum wear rates. The study clearly shows that porosities and voids are directly influenced by the scanning strategy and vector length, outweighing the effects of surface roughness. Variations in microhardness with different scan strategies were minimal, primarily influenced by cooling rates and lath structures. The formation of refined equiaxed grain morphology and metastable alpha ' Ti phases, along with altered surface characteristics, changed the material removal mechanism for L-PBF Ti-6Al-4V parts.

The electrocatalytic splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen plays a pivotal role in addressing the energy demands associated with expanding anthropogenic activities. The design of economically feasible and effective electrocatalytic materials for water electrolysis is imperative for the sustainable production of hydrogen and oxygen. In this context, this study introduces an electrocatalyst design comprising graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and Trevorite (Ni(Ni, Fe)2O4) synthesized through the pyrolysis of a mixture Ni-substituted metal-organic framework (MOF) MIL-88A and of melamine. The synthesized material was evaluated as an electrocatalyst for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The nickel foam coated with this electrocatalyst exhibits a performance characterized by lower overpotentials of 121 mV for HER and 231 mV for OER at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in an alkaline medium of 1 M KOH. Furthermore, the composite demonstrated an excellent overall water splitting capacity, maintaining a high current density of 500 mA cm-2 for more than 50 h of continuous electrolysis in 1 M KOH solution with a minimal voltage increase of approximately 0.025 V.

INTRODUCTION:Intraoperative cytology in ovarian tumours involves collecting cell samples from the ovarian sample sent during surgery and quickly examining them for diagnostic information. Frozen section provides rapid diagnosis to guide intraoperative patient management. The indications of frozen section are identification of tissue, evaluation of margins, and identification of lymph nodes metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Intraoperative tissue from clinico-radiologically suspected ovarian tumour for frozen section taken and processed in Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Squash smear, scrape smear, and imprint smear were made. Three stains rapid May-Grünwald Giemsa, rapid papanicolaou (Pap), and rapid hematoxylin and eosin with expected turnaround time of <15 min were done. Intraoperative cytological smear (squash, scrape, and imprint smear) were correlated with frozen section and histopathology slide. Final assessment of intraoperative cytological smears for diagnostic accuracy was done using statistical study. The aim of this study was to evaluate comparative diagnostic utility of squash smear, scrape smear, and imprint cytology with frozen section in intraoperative ovarian tumour is the aim of study. RESULTS:Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for frozen and cytology were: sensitivity of frozen section, squash cytology, and scrape cytology was 91.67% in all three, whereas sensitivity of imprint was 87.5%. Specificity of frozen section, imprint cytology, squash cytology, and scrape cytology was 96.77%, 93.55%, 90.32%, and 90.32%, respectively, and accuracy was 94.55%, 90.91%, 90.91%, and 90.91%, respectively. CONCLUSION:Imprint, squash, and scrape cytology have similar sensitivity and specificity compared to frozen section in identifying the nature of lesion and can be an alternative to frozen section in resource stricken setting.

In this research novel Ag2Cu2O3 nanorods was prepared, for lithium-ion battery as anode, using facile coprecipitation method with four different stirring time and correspondingly Ag2Cu2O3 named ACO - 30 M, ACO - 12 H, ACO - 24 H, and ACO - 36 H. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and HighResolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analyze surface and morphology, while X-ray Diffraction (XRD) examines structural properties. Compositional analysis is carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical analysis is evaluated by cyclic stability, rate capability, discharge/charge capacity, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The ACO - 24 H nanomaterial demonstrates an initial discharge capacity of 943 mAh g- 1 at a current density of 50 mA g- 1. Among the four materials tested, ACO - 24 H shows superior cycling performance, with a discharge capacity of 174 mAh g- 1 at 200 mA g- 1 after 1003 cycles. In comparison, ACO - 30 M, ACO - 12 H, and ACO - 36 H exhibit capacities of 134 mAh g- 1, 91 mAh g- 1, and 43 mAh g- 1, respectively, under the same conditions. This study suggests that ACO - 24 H is a promising anode material for lithium-ion battery applications.

Study aims at devising a enhance performance driven Circular Enclosed Gate (CEG) MOSFET’s from Model 1 to Model 3, with focus on maintaining power efficiency. Starting with Model 1, subsequent iteration introduced the optimized geometric structure addressing trade-offs in short channel effects, leakage currents, and switching speed, while balancing design and low threshold voltages (VTH: 0.13 V for NMOS, 0.1 V for PMOS). In Model 2(a), improved performance was seen with increase in drain radius, which enhancing the ION/IOFF ratio. In contrast Model 2(b) demonstrated a better overall efficiency, by optimizing the source-drain geometry for lower Drain-Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) and improved subthreshold slopes. Meanwhile with compact design Model 3 achieves an impressive ION/IOFF ratio of 1.15×109, and exceptionally low leakage currents (IOFF: 1.40×10−12 A for NMoS) making it highly suitable for energy-efficient and reliable applications. This step-by-step refinement underscores the potential for continuous advancements in CEG MoSFETs, driving the evolution of next-generation CMoS technology.