Urban adolescents tend to increase fast-food consumption and engage in unbalanced physical activity, which may contribute to abnormal Body Mass Index (BMI) and increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to analyse the relationships among diabetes mellitus knowledge, fast-food dietary patterns, and physical activity with BMI among adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 290 urban adolescents from public senior high schools in Bekasi City, Indonesia, in December 2025, using stratified cluster sampling. DM knowledge was measured using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire-24 (DKQ-24), fast-food intake using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). BMI was calculated from weight and height measurements. Data were analysed using Chi-Square and binary logistic regression tests with a significance level of α = 0.05. Fast-food dietary pattern (χ2 = 11.237; p = 0.010) and physical activity (χ2 = 17.584; p = 0.001) were significantly related to BMI; DM knowledge was not (χ2 = 1.838; p = 0.934). Fast-food dietary pattern was the dominant clinical factor for abnormal BMI (OR = 2.447; 95% CI 0.852–7.032; p = 0.098). Although fast-food dietary patterns showed a higher odds ratio for abnormal BMI, the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.098); however, the finding may still indicate a potential clinical trend that warrants attention. Physical activity was significantly associated with adolescent BMI. Nurses and health professionals should develop school-based nutrition education to reduce fast-food consumption and prevent early type 2 DM.

Purpose This study aims to determine the prevalence and severity of loneliness among older adults in Indonesian nursing homes and examine its correlations with depression and frailty to inform holistic care. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted across three government-run nursing homes (Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha) in Jakarta and Bekasi, Indonesia. Using consecutive sampling, 250 older adults (aged = 60 years) completed the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale Version 3, Geriatric Depression Scale-15 and FRAIL Scale. Spearman’s correlation and subgroup comparisons were performed. Findings Moderate-to-severe loneliness affected 82.0% of participants (moderate 44.0%, severe 38.0%). Depression was present in 78.0% and pre-frailty or frailty in 76.0%. Significant moderate positive correlations emerged between loneliness and depression (ρ = 0.48, p < 0.001) and loneliness and frailty (ρ = 0.39, p < 0.001). Longer institutional stay, widowed or never-married status, lower education and multimorbidity predicted higher loneliness scores. Research limitations/implications The cross-sectional design precludes causal inference. Generalizability is limited to government-run facilities in Java excluding residents with severe cognitive impairment. Longitudinal and multi-site research is warranted. Practical implications Loneliness should be systematically screened upon admission, integrated into individualized care plans and addressed through staff training in relationship-centered care, structured psychosocial interventions, facilitated family engagement and environmental redesign. Brief screeners are feasible in resource-limited settings. Social implications The high prevalence of loneliness among institutionalized older adults signals a societal failure to maintain social integration in later life. Repositioning loneliness as a standalone mental health priority can drive policy reforms that shift long-term care from custodial models toward community-connected, relationship-centered environments. Such change may reduce ageist stereotypes, encourage intergenerational solidarity and lessen the burden on healthcare systems by addressing loneliness before it exacerbates depression and physical decline. Ultimately, fostering belonging in nursing homes contributes to more inclusive, age-friendly societies. Originality/value This large-sample, multi-institutional study from an underrepresented low-middle-income context repositions loneliness as a primary mental health target distinct from depression, simultaneously examining the loneliness–depression–frailty triad to guide targeted, holistic interventions.

Sarcopenia and falls are major geriatric syndromes that significantly impact functional independence, mobility, and overall health status among older adults. As the aging population continues to increase, understanding the physiological, functional, and environmental links between muscle deterioration and fall vulnerability becomes essential for effective community-based health management. This study aimed to analyze the association between sarcopenia risk and fall risk among community-dwelling older adults in the Wanasari Cibitung area of Bekasi, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 305 older adults aged 60 years and above selected using consecutive sampling. Sarcopenia risk was assessed using the SARC-CalF tool, which combines the SARC-F questionnaire with calf circumference measurement, while fall risk was evaluated using the P3G assessment consisting of 11 fall-related domains. Sociodemographic data, chronic disease profiles, and physical function indicators were collected through structured interviews and standardized measurements performed by trained enumerators. Data analysis included descriptive statistics to determine prevalence and Spearman’s rank correlation to examine the relationship between sarcopenia and fall risk due to non-normal data distribution. Findings revealed that 44.9% of respondents were categorized as high risk for sarcopenia, and 55.4% were classified as high risk for falling. The mean SARC-CalF score was 6.70 ± 6.15, and the mean P3G score was 5.60 ± 4.84, indicating substantial muscle function decline and fall susceptibility within the population. A strong positive correlation was identified between sarcopenia and fall risk (r = 0.612; p < 0.001; 95% CI; 0.53-0.68) ), demonstrating that higher sarcopenia severity is associated with greater fall vulnerability. These results highlight the urgent need to integrate sarcopenia screening and fall-prevention strategies within routine primary healthcare services for older adults

Menstruation is the process of detachment of the uterine wall followed by bleeding that occurs repeatedly every month and eventually forms a menstrual cycle. An irregular menstrual cycle is one of the disorders and can be caused by anxiety. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the level of anxiety towards final year female students at STIKes Bani Saleh. Design this research is quantitatively descriptive with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was 124 respondents using the purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique of this study uses a spearman rank test. The results showed that 34% of respondents experienced no anxiety, 33% mild anxiety levels, 13% moderate anxiety levels, 13% severe anxiety levels, 7% severe anxiety levels once respondents had a normal menstrual cycle of 21-35 days. The results of the spearman rank test showed a significant value of p = 0.258. The conclusion of this study showed that there was no relationship between the level of anxiety towards the menstrual cycle in final year female students at STIKes Bani Saleh. It is hoped that respondents will better understand that mental health plays an important role in the menstrual cycle. Therefore, maintaining emotional balance is very necessary to keep the menstrual cycle regular.

Purpose This study aims to explore the correlation between loneliness and depression among elderly residents in a social care home, with the objective of informing more effective mental health interventions in elderly care. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional correlational design was utilized, using consecutive sampling to select 138 elderly participants from a social care home in Indonesia. The UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 and the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 served as the primary instruments for data collection. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between loneliness and depression. Findings The study revealed that 36% of participants experienced moderate loneliness, while 47% exhibited mild depression. Pearson’s correlation analysis demonstrated a statistically significant positive relationship between loneliness and depression (r = 0.339, p = 0.0001), indicating that higher levels of loneliness were associated with increased levels of depression among the elderly Research limitations/implications This study focused exclusively on elderly individuals in one social care institution, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other elderly populations or settings. In addition, its cross-sectional design restricts the ability to infer causality. Future longitudinal research could provide deeper insights into the directional relationship between loneliness and depression. Improved sampling methods, covering multiple institutions and varied demographics, are recommended to strengthen the representativeness and applicability of the results in broader contexts of elderly care and mental health. Practical implications The study suggests that social care institutions should prioritize mental health interventions that address loneliness to mitigate depressive symptoms among elderly residents. This could involve implementing structured social activities, enhancing interpersonal interactions and creating supportive social networks. Training staff in recognizing signs of loneliness and depression may also improve early detection and intervention, ultimately contributing to improved mental health outcomes and quality of life for elderly residents in long-term care facilities. Social implications These findings highlight the social need for greater support and understanding of mental health challenges in elderly care, especially loneliness and depression. Enhanced community involvement and family engagement programs could promote a more inclusive environment that values the elderly’s emotional well-being. Addressing these issues may also reduce the stigma around mental health in aging populations, fostering a healthier, more supportive social environment within care institutions and the wider community. Originality/value This study fills a significant gap by examining loneliness and depression among elderly residents in an Indonesian social care home, an under-researched area in developing countries. The study’s focus on a non-Western context provides unique insights into elderly mental health, underscoring how socio-cultural and institutional factors influence the prevalence of loneliness and depression. Its findings contribute valuable data for policymakers, practitioners and researchers, emphasizing the importance of culturally sensitive approaches in developing mental health interventions for elderly populations in developing nations.

Lipstick is a cosmetic that can be used to color the lips so that it adds to the beauty of the makeup on the lips. Red beetroot skin has a natural pigment content that can be used as a natural dye. The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate solid lipstick preparations from red beetroot skin extract (Beta vulgaris L.) as a natural dye. The research stages were sample collection, extraction, lipstick formulation and evaluation of the physical properties of the lipstick including organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, spreadability tests, pH tests, melting point tests, irritation tests, and stability tests. The red beetroot skin lipstick formula consists of 4 formulas with variations in concentration, namely F0 (0%), F1 (5%), F2 (10%), F3 (15%). The resulting red beetroot skin extract is a thick extract that is dark brown in color and has a distinctive extract aroma with a yield of 46.69%. The resulting lipstick preparation is a homogeneous preparation with the colors of the F0, F1, F2, F3 formulas, namely bone white, brown, light brown, and dark brown. The evaluation results of lipstick formula F0, F1, F2, F3 obtained pH values ​​of 6.36-6.10; melting point 51°C-58°C and had good spreadability. The results of the stability test of lipstick preparations of all formulas at a temperature of 28°C were stable for 4 weeks of storage. The results of the irritation test using the patch test method on all lipstick formulas did not cause irritation. Based on the overall evaluation results, the red beetroot skin extract formulated in lipstick successfully met the standards for lipstick preparations, the red beetroot skin extract lipstick formulation provided good color at concentrations of 10% and 15%. ABSTRAK Lipstick merupakan kosmetik yang dapat digunakan untuk mewarnai bibir sehingga menambah keindahan riasan pada bibir. Kulit umbi bit merah memiliki kandungan pigmen alami untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna alami. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan formulasi dan evaluasi sediaan lipstick padat dari ekstrak kulit umbi bit merah (Beta vulgaris L.) sebagai pewarna alami. Tahap penelitian adalah pengumpulan sampel, ekstraksi, formulasi lipstick dan evaluasi sifat fisik lipstick meliputi uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji daya oles, uji pH, uji titik leleh, uji iritasi, dan uji stabilitas. Formula lipstick kulit umbi bit merah terdiri dari 4 formula dengan variasi konsentrasi yaitu F0 (0%), F1 (5%), F2 (10%), F3 (15%). Ekstrak kulit umbi bit merah yang dihasilkan merupakan ekstrak kental berwarna coklat pekat dan memilik aroma khas ekstrak dengan rendemen sebesar 46,69%. Sediaan lipstick yang dihasilkan merupakan sediaan homogen dengan warna formula F0, F1,F2, F3 yaitu putih tulang, coklat, coklat muda, dan coklat tua. Hasil evaluasi sediaan lipstick formula F0, F1, F2, F3 diperoleh nilai pH 6,36-6,10; titik leleh 51°C-58°C dan mempunyai daya oles yang baik. Hasil uji stabilitas sediaan lipstick semua formula pada suhu ruang 28°C stabil selama 4 minggu penyimpanan. Hasil uji iritasi dengan metode patchtest pada semua formula sediaan lipstick tidak menyebabkan iritasi. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi keseluruhan, ekstrak kulit umbi bit merah yang diformulasikan dalam lipstick berhasil memenuhi standar untuk sediaan lipstick, formulasi lipstick ekstrak kulit umbi bit merah memberikan warna yang baik pada konsentrasi 10% dan 15%.

Background: Sleep hygiene is the most effective non-pharmacological therapy as a simple behavior of several individual environmental factors and as a healthy sleep aid. Sleep hygiene is a very easy, inexpensive, and comprehensive therapy that can be used to improve sleep disorders in the elderly. Methods: The design of this study used a quantitative method. Quasi Experiment: Pre- test and Post-test with a control group. Results: Showed that the average value of the control group before was 3.42 and the average value afterward was 3.76, which means there's no significant relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep disorders, but in the intervention group, the average value before the sleep hygiene intervention was carried out was 3.88 and the average value after the sleep hygiene intervention was carried out was 8.48, which means that there was an increase in the average value before and after the sleep hygiene intervention was given. Based on statistical calculations using the Wilcoxon test, a P-value of 0.000 <0.05 was obtained, so there was a relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep disorders. Conclusion: Regular application of sleep hygiene is effective in promoting good sleep and can overcome sleep disturbances in various populations of the elderly age group.

Anemia is a condition where the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood is lower than normal, someone who has anemia will experience conditions such as weakness, fatigue, lethargy and loss of concentration. And carried out on students who have experienced menstruation. Research Objectives: To know about the relationship between menstrual patterns and the incidence of anemia in SMA PINK 03 Tambun Selatan students. Methods: The design of this study used an analytical survey with a cross sectional design. Sample: The research sample was 127 students using purposive sampling technique. Research Results: The results obtained in this study were 73 (57.5%) female students who experienced anemia and (52%) 66 female students who experienced abnormal menstruation. The relationship between menstrual patterns and the incidence of anemia in female students through the chi-square test results in a p-value of 0.000, p value < a (0.05). Conclusion: Students who have anemia are likely to experience abnormal menstrual patterns. Suggestion: It is expected that students consume nutritious food and contain lots of iron, even though they experience abnormal menstruation.

Background: The increasing number of elderly causes various health problems, one of which is hypertension. If hypertension is not well controlled it can cause psychological and physiological problems. The combination of Benson relaxation therapy and lavender aromatherapy is a non-pharmacological intervention that can be used to manage anxiety, sleep quality, and blood pressure. This study aims to determine the effects of lavender aromatherapy, Benson relaxation therapy, and their combination on anxiety levels, sleep quality, and blood pressure in elderly individuals with hypertension. Methods: The research design is quantitative with a quasi-experimental approach without a control group. The sampling selection in this study used purposive sampling. The sample consists of elderly individuals at Sentra Bekasi, totaling 90 respondents, divided into 30 respondents for each intervention. After interventions were carried out and data collected, data analysis was conducted using the MANOVA test. Results: p-value 0.000 indicating a significant effect of intervention type on sleep quality, anxiety, and blood pressure. The next test is the test of between-subjects effects, which shows a significant effect only on the variables of anxiety and blood pressure. The final test used is the Post Hoc Test (multiple comparisons), which indicates that the variables with significant values and a real difference in relation to the intervention are anxiety and blood pressure. Meanwhile, the variable of sleep quality does not show any real difference across each intervention. Conclusion: Overall, Lavender Aromatherapy is superior in reducing anxiety and blood pressure compared to the other two therapies.

Background: Elderly individuals in nursing homes often experience psychological challenges such as loneliness, decreased resilience, and mental health issues. Understanding the prevalence and determinants of these issues is essential for designing targeted interventions. This study aims to examine the prevalence of loneliness, resilience, and mental health issues among elderly patients at Long Term Care, and to identify the key factors influencing these variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed involving 126 elderly residents aged 60-90 years. Data were collected using validated instruments, including the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Resilience Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Demographic and clinical data, such as age, gender, education level, length of stay, marital status, income, and history of chronic diseases, were also recorded. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics for prevalence and logistic regression to identify significant predictors of loneliness, resilience, and mental health. Results: The prevalence of loneliness was 58%, with a higher incidence among females and those aged over 70 years. Resilience was significantly lower in participants with chronic diseases and lower socioeconomic status. Mental health issues were identified in 45% of participants, with lower education levels, longer stays in the nursing home, and chronic illness as significant contributing factors. Logistic regression revealed that chronic disease history (OR = 3.32, p < 0.05) and length of stay >5 years (OR = 1.91, p < 0.05) were the strongest predictors of poor mental health outcomes. Conclusion: The study highlights the high prevalence of loneliness, reduced resilience, and mental health issues among elderly residents at Long Term Care. Chronic disease and prolonged institutionalization emerged as critical factors influencing psychological well-being. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, such as structured psychosocial therapies, to address these challenges and improve the quality of life of elderly patients.

Kesehatan reproduksi remaja putri salah satu bidang kesehatan yang menjadi perhatian di Indonesia. Remaja putri yang mengalami menstruasi sebagian akan menimbulkan nyeri yang disebut dismenore. Dismenore merupakan nyeri pada daerah panggul akibat menstruasi, sebagian remaja putri merasakan nyeri yang tidak tertahankan saat menstruasi berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas harian. Angka kejadian dismenore di dunia sangat besar. Lebih dari 50% wanita di setiap dunia mengalaminya. Dismenore dapat ditangani secara non farmakologis seperti menggunakan kompres hangat dan dingin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri terhadap sikap dalam menangani dismenore. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang menjelaskan korelasi. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel penelitian 127 siswi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian responden memiliki pengetahuan dismenore cukup sebanyak 90 responden (70,9%) dan responden yang memiliki sikap penanganan dismenore buruk sebanyak 61 responden (48,0%). Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dismenore dengan sikap penanganan dismenore (Nilai p value = 0,032) hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan pengetahuan disminore dengan sikap penanganan dismenore pada remaja putri di MA Perguruan Islam Nurul Kasysyaf 03 Tambun Selatan. Saran : diharapkan bagi remaja putri di MA Perguruan Islam Nurul Kasysyaf 03 Tambun Selatan lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan dismenore mengenai sikap penanganan dismenore. Tenaga kesehatan dapat memberikan informasi terkait pengetahuan dismenore dan penanganan dismenore, sehingga remaja putri dapat melakukan hal tersebut dengan baik dan benar.

Aims: This study was to determine the effect of dhikr on anxiety in ACS patients at Dr. Chasbullah Abdulmadjid General Hospital, Bekasi City. Methods: The research method used pre- and post-quasy experiments in the control group and the intervention group. This study used the HARS questionnaire and family support for 76 respondents. Result: Data analysis using multiple logistic regression tests The results showed that the proportion in the control group with mild-moderate anxiety was 31.6% and severe anxiety was 18.4%; the proportion in the intervention group with mild-moderate anxiety was 46.1% and severe anxiety was 3.9%. Dhikr (p = 0.006) and history of heart disease (p = 0.023) significantly influence anxiety after being controlled by age (p = 0.244) (p = 0.001 omnimbus). The dominant factor that influences anxiety is dhikr (OR 10.674). Conclusions : Dhikr is an act of remembering Allah that can be used to reduce anxiety in SKA patients. This can be done independently by reading istigfar, tasbih, hauqalah, and takbir for 15 minutes in the morning and evening. Therefore, nursing services using dhikr as an effort to reduce anxiety in ACS patients.

The psychological needs of the family as caregivers are often ignored and not fulfilled by health workers, this is because caregivers are not fully planned in patient care management. This can have a negative impact on the treatment process for HD patients. There is still little information about the burden and phychological well-being of HD patients in Indonesia because some studies only focus on the burden on HD patients. Therefore this study focuses on assessing the burden and psychological well-being of caregivers of hemodialysis patients. This study aims to assess the burden and psychological well-being and its relationship with the demographic characteristics of hemodialysis patients. This study used a cross-sectional and analytic descriptive design involving 197 family caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Data collection was carried out at two hemodialysis centers in the city of Bekasi, from July to August 2022. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select research respondents. Data collection used a demographic characteristic questionnaire, Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale – 18 Items (RPWB-18). Demographic characteristics data is presented in the form of frequency, mean percentage and standard deviation. Spearman rank test is used to see the correlation of variables. The results showed that the average ZBI score was 47.87 ± 12.16 and the PWB score was 70.20 ± 10.37, the correlation coefficient was -0.756, the P-value was 0.0001, indicating that there is a significant negative correlation between family burden and psychological well-being, which means that the greater the score family burden, the lower the psychological well-being score. Based on the results of this study, the needs of the family as caregivers need to be one of the focuses of providing nursing care by nurses.

Introduction: The elderly population has become a global phenomenon. Almost every country in the world is experiencing an increase in the elderly population There are 703 million people in the world who are 65 or older. An elderly person will require more time to fall asleep and will experience less or shorter deep sleep. Factors that affect sleep disorders include age, history of illness, drinking coffee, and smoking cigarettes. To improve sleep quality in the elderly, a deep breathing relaxation technique, specifically the box breathing relaxation technique, is required. Aim: Research to identify the effect of box breathing on sleep disorders in the elderly at Tresna Werdha Social Institution, Bekasi City. Methods: In this, the quasi-experiment design was employed, which included a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design with an intervention group and a control group. The sample size in this study was 62 respondents and was divided into two groups, including 31 elderly people in the intervention group and 31 respondents in the control group. Results: It can be seen that the average difference in posttest minus pretest scores (posttest-pretest) or expressed as ∆ mean in the intervention group of 5.29 and in the control group of 0.32. With a p value of 0.000 (p>0.05), there are statistically significant differences in social sleep disorder in the elderly in Tresna Werdha Bekasi City in 2022 between the intervention and control groups. Conclusion: The box breathing technique can be an effective intervention to improve sleep quality in elderly individuals. The results showed a statistically significant improvement in sleep quality.

Introduction: Anxiety is one of the psychological effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on adolescents. The study examines the connection between teen anxiety during a pandemic and Covid-19 transmission prevention. Methods: Using a cross-sectional approach, this is descriptive correlation research. 168 Indonesian high school students in grades 7 through 12 made up the study’s entire sample. It was done through inadvertent sampling. The tool utilized was a questionnaire with 13 questions about adolescents’ understanding of Covid-19, including 10 questions about transmission anxiety. Results: In the transitional phase, teenagers’ anxiety was linked to the avoidance of Covid-19 transfer, according to a Spearman rank analysis (p 0.034; 0.05). Conclusion: Adolescents may feel anxious when they adapt to new routines. This is significantly related to actions taken to stop the spread of Covid-19.

Introduction: Pneumonia is inflammation in the lung parenchyma. Inflammation occurs due to infection by various organisms like bacteria, viruses, and others. This infection eventually causes the emergence of several signs and symptoms. Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime are antibiotics that are commonly and effectively used in the treatment of pneumonia. Methods: The purpose of this study is to determine the total cost of pneumonia treatment provided during hospitalization at RSUD Bekasi City. This research uses the method descriptive research with data retrieval retrospectively. The sample in this research totaled 68 patients, 34 patients used ceftriaxone antibiotics and 34 patients used cefotaxime antibiotics. Results: Cefotaxime antibiotic therapy is a more cost-effective therapy compared to Ceftriaxone. This study found the effectiveness of Ceftriaxone 88% and Cefotaxime 70% but did not reach 100% effectiveness due to the large number of patients whose length of stay (LOS) and respiration rate (RR) did not reach the target. The result showed that the average cost of treating patients with Ceftriaxone was Idr 2,171,651 and the average cost of treating patients with Cefotaxime was Idr 2,467,422. Conclusion: Ceftriaxone antibiotic therapy is a more cost-effective therapy compared to Cefotaxime which can be, seen from the ACER Ceftriaxone value of IRp. 24,677 and ICER value of Rp. -16,431.651 and the average cost of treating patients using Cefotaxime was Idr 2,467,422.

Introduction: Leucorrhoea is a discharge from the genitalia that is not blood but a clinical manifestation of various infections, malignancies, or benign tumors of the reproductive organs. Leucorrhoea is still considered not a serious thing for adolescents, therefore, in maintaining the cleanliness of the genital organs, it is still not good. Taking care of the external genitalia that is not good can make vaginal discharge occur, such as maintaining cleanliness, washing the vulva every day and keeping it dry to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi. If this problem is not taken seriously, it will have a negative impact in the future. To determine the relationship between knowledge and attitude to prevent leucorrhoea in adolescent girls at Al Muhadjirin 2 Senior High School Bekasi. Methods: This research is quantitative research with a cross sectional design. The sample in this study were students of class X, XI, XII as many as 130, using total sampling. The instrument used an instrument of demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and prevention of leucorrhoea that has been tested for validity and reliability by previous researchers. Results: The results of the study used the chi-square statistical method, which showed that there was a relationship between prevention of leucorrhoea and knowledge and attitudes in adolescent girls with p value = 0.000 <0.05, with an average age of 16 to 19 years, have more knowledge about leucorrhoea and have a good attitude toward preventing leucorrhoea. Conclusion: Knowledge and attitudes are significantly related to the prevention of leucorrhoea in adolescent girls. It is hoped that health workers can cooperate with schools in providing information to students about reproductive health, especially the problem of leucorrhoea.

The reactions shown by children undergoing hospitalization or hospitalization are generally not cooperative during treatment. Drawing play therapy is an alternative that can be used in play therapy to increase stimulation and reduce anxiety due to hospitalization during hospitalization. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of drawing play therapy on the anxiety of school-aged children 6-12 years in the pediatric care room at the Konawe General Hospital. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group pre-test and post-test design. The sample in this study was 68 respondents, with a consecutive sampling technique. The method of analysis used a statistical paired sample t-test. The results showed that the results of the pre-test anxiety in the experimental group showed a mean = of 21.55 and a post-test mean = of 10.09 with a t value = 13,247. In contrast, the control group means = 22.00 and the post-test mean = 22.00 with a t value = 0.423, so the experimental group's Positive value decreases children's anxiety after the intervention. While the p-value of pre-test and post-test in the experimental group is 0.000 and the control group is 0.676, where the value is significant (0.000 <0.05), then H0 is rejected, meaning that in the experimental group, Drawing Play Therapy is effective in reducing the anxiety of school-aged children 6- 12 years old.

Background: Typhoid fever is a significant health problem in many countries. Globally, it is estimated that 21 million toddlers suffer from this disease each year. Purpose: This research aimed to analyze the relationship between handling body temperature and diet on the length of stay for typhoid fever among toddlers. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study design. The population in this study were 87 toddlers with typhoid fever Lepo-Lepo Health Care Center. The sampling technique was purposive sampling and obtained a total sample of 46 children under five. Results: We found that Treatment of body temperature on length of stay (X2 = 5.642; p = 0.003) and diet management on length of stay (X2 = 4.920; p = 0.001) at the level of confidence 95% (α = 0.05). It means that there is a relationship between handling body temperature and diet with the length of stay in toddlers with typhoid fever. Conclusions: This study provides information about the body temperature and diet contributing to toddlers with typhoid fever. Clinical and community nursing can provide intervention by considering temperature and diet.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is confusion or worry about something that is not certain with unclear causes, causing feelings of uncertainty and powerlessness over the assessment of an object. Based on data at Izza Hospital, the number of patients who were hospitalized in July was 427 patients. The increasing number of patients in inpatient rooms during the COVID-19 pandemic caused psychological shocks to family members which caused anxiety. AIM: The purpose of this study was to find out the description of family anxiety in the inpatient room during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The design of this research is descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was the entire family of patients who were treated in inpatient rooms during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a total sample of 96 respondents using a consecutive sampling technique. This study used a visual analog scale for anxiety (VAS-A) questionnaire to measure the respondents’ level of anxiety. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that the patient’s family in the hospital inpatient room experienced mild anxiety 42 respondents (43.8%), with an average age of 40-44 years (n = 18; 0.19%), female gender (n = 51; 0.53), respondents’ education (n = 53; 0.55), work (n = 57; 0.6), nuclear family (n = 83; 0.09). CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study that the prevalence of anxiety in family members mostly experienced mild anxiety with a total of 42 (43.8%) respondents.