Efficient methods of analysis readily available for clinicians continue to be limited within neuropsychological assessment at the raw data level. Here, a novel approach for generating predictive response patterns and analysing neuropsychological raw data is offered. In order to assess the usefulness of association rule learning as an analysis tool for neuropsychological raw data, Frequent Pattern Growth (FP-Growth) was used to mine patterns from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological Battery (CERAD-NB) database. Complete assessment data for 84 post-mortem confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases and 294 age, race, and education matched controls were analysed across baseline and one-year follow-up using FP-Growth, for the purpose of assessing the clinical utility of a finer analysis at the raw data level and the feasibility of predicting response patterns for clinical/control groups. Output from FP-Growth, in terms of the number of frequent itemsets retained across both evaluation timepoints, was discernable between controls, mild, and moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease cases (p < .001, and eta(2) = .488). Patterns within raw data scores, both in terms of frequent itemsets and predictive association rules, appear to be differentiable across groups within neuropsychological analysis, which indicates that FP-Growth is applicable as a supplementary analysis tool for neuropsychological assessment by means of offering an additional level of data analysis, predictive item response capabilities, and aiding in clinical decision making.

Chapter 24 Translation, Interpreting, and the Bilingual Brain Implications for Executive Control and Neuroplasticity Bruce J. Diamond, Bruce J. DiamondSearch for more papers by this authorGregory M. Shreve, Gregory M. ShreveSearch for more papers by this author Bruce J. Diamond, Bruce J. DiamondSearch for more papers by this authorGregory M. Shreve, Gregory M. ShreveSearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):John W. Schwieter, John W. SchwieterSearch for more papers by this authorMichel Paradis, Michel ParadisSearch for more papers by this author First published: 19 February 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119387725.ch24 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Summary This chapter examines some of the ways in which acquisition and continued use of two languages in communicative situations over a sustained period can influence the development of the 'bilingual brain'. One of the unique conditions of bilingual communication is 'language switching', when two languages are activated during the performance of a cross-language activity such as translation or interpreting. Potential advantages and disadvantages conferred by the development of bilingualism are influenced and modified by cultural and developmental contexts, as well as the by the timing of language acquisition and by the long-term practice of professional bilingual tasks. The chapter explores the issues surrounding the development of bilingualism from a neuroplasticity perspective, focusing particularly on working memory and control mechanisms invoked during cross-language tasks and how any ensuing neuroplastic changes related to those mechanisms may alter or enhance information processing relative to monolinguals. The Handbook of the Neuroscience of Multilingualism RelatedInformation

Cognitive translation studies has made great strides in recent decades. Thediscipline has engaged more deeply with the cognitive sciences, integrating thestudy of mental processes into its understanding of the translation task. Theinformation processing paradigm has been a mainstay of the conceptual frameworkof the cognitive sciences and has also been wholeheartedly adopted bycognitive translation scholars. However, we have really only focused on investigatingtwo of the three “levels” of cognitive information processing identified byMarr (1982): the computational (task) level and the algorithmic/representational(mental processing) level. We are only now just beginning to study the implementationlevel where mental processing during the translation task engageswith neural structures and arrays – the domain of cognitive neuroscience. Thischapter investigates some important issues in cognitive translation studies fromthe perspective of the information processing paradigm and the “implementation”level where translation is enacted in neuronal arrays. It also emphasizesnew research directions and points out the potential problems and opportunitiesof collaboration between translation science and cognitive neuroscience.