В рецензии на монографию В. К. Семибратова «Феномен уездного города. Малмыж в истории русской культуры» даётся высокая оценка труду. Автор рисует историю г. Малмыжа XVII — начала XX вв. как центра развития и взаимодействия населяющих округу русских, татар, удмуртов, марийцев. Отмечается, что исследование построено на широкой базе литературных и архивных источников, оно носит полидисциплинарный характер. Объекты изучения — универсальные и специфические проявления ведущих форм сохранения, трансляции, преобразования, создания моделей жизнедеятельности. Методика изучения, описания, толкования опирается на системную познавательную модель, а частично — на диатропическую. Это позволяет ревизовать, упорядочить, актуализировать ресурсы коллективной памяти Малмыжа; концептуально выбирать кластеры фактов, чтобы восстановить эволюцию местной антропосферы; раскрыть взаимовлияние культурной динамики Малмыжа и регионов империи. Вкупе с приёмами микроисторического метода — идентифицировать, вычленять, сепарировать один историкокультурный фактор, компонент, мотив и т. п. от «соседнего». Монография оценивается в свете ряда идей: «Ретротопии» З. Баумана, антропологической концепции «Past Discontinuous» И. И. Сандомирской, трансисторического мышления, историософии Вяч. Ив. Иванова в его поэме «Человек» и «Патриотизма» М. М. Крома. Подчёркнуто, что у некоторых взаимосвязей Малмыжа со страной — статус социальных изобретений. Они полезны антропологу и педагогу как прецеденты или прототипы отношений «родного» со «вселенским». Обращено внимание на то, что книга, предоставляя трансисторический контакт с минувшим, стимулирует региональное самосознание читателя, его родиноведческую рефлексию. The review of the monograph “The Phenomenon of a County Town. Malmyzh in the history of Russian culture” by V. K. Semibratov appreciates highly this work. The book depicts the city of Malmyzh history in the 17th — early 20th centuries as a place where the interaction of Russians, Tatars, Udmurts, and Mari inhabitants took place. This multidisciplinary study is based on multiple literary and archival sources. The objects of study are universal and specific manifestations of the leading forms of preservation, translation, transformation, creation of life activity models. The methodology for studying, describing, and interpreting is mainly based on a systemic cognitive model and partly on a diatropic model. This allows the author to: revise, organize and update the resources of Malmyzh’s collective memory; conceptually select clusters of facts in order to reconstruct the evolution of the local anthroposphere; reveal the mutual influence of the cultural dynamics of Malmyzh and another regions of the empire. Coupled with the techniques of micro‑historical method this lets the author to identify and isolate all historical and cultural factors, components and motives from one another. The monograph is evaluated in the light of a number of ideas: “Retrotopia” by Z. Bauman, the anthropological concept “Past Discontinuous” by I. Sandomirskaya, transhistorical thinking, V. I. Ivanov’s historical philosophy in his poem “Man” and “Patriotism” by M. Krom. It is emphasized that some of Malmyzh’s relationships with the country had a status of social inventions. They are useful for the anthropologist and educator as precedents or prototypes of the relationship between the “native” and the “universal”. The monograph provides a transhistorical contact with the past. Therefore, the book stimulates the reader’s regional self‑awareness, his reflection of motherland studies.

Introduction. The issue of goal-setting in management in general and in public administration, in particular, is one of the most relevant and important for management theory and practice. The purpose hereof is to study and reveal the mechanism of goal-setting in management. Materials and methods. The article is based on Korogodin’s theory of goal-oriented systems. The works on public administration, social construction and management, as well as foreign research on organizational management and business, are used herein. Results. A simple classification of typical management errors from the standpoint of the theory of goal-oriented systems is given: those related to goals, resources, operators, and by-products. Discussion and conclusion. The potential of using the teleonomic systems approach for the analysis of problem situations in management has been demonstrated. A strict and logical classification makes it possible to algorithmize the management decision-making process.

The authors invite reader to learn the main skills of the experimenter. The book provides general rules by which we experience the world. Case studies are selected from the various sciences, from physics and biology to criminology and sociology. Educational tasks and exercises are offered to the reader. How are subject and object of study born? Is there an algorithm for the process of the unknown cognition? What are the prerequisites of accidental discovery? How to improve the performance of experiments? Why are different scales to provide data used? The answers enable us to become the authors of our own discoveries. For undergraduates, graduate students, researchers.

The aim of the work is an application of the theory of Goal-oriented System of Activity to analysis and organization of effective contract targeted training at higher education institutions. The organization of targeted training of specialists is considered as one of the components of public administration to address staff problems in various regions and sectors of the economy in the context of rapidly changing demands of society, to implement promising youth policy and mitigate demographic problems. An algorithmic chain of meaningful actions is con structed on the basis of the methodology of the Goal-oriented System of Activity, which takes into account the real state of human, intellectual, material and economic resources and enables to minimize existing contradictions and, accordingly, ensure the establishment of partnerships between all interested participants in the process of targeted training (government agencies, employers, higher education institutions and students). As an example, four stages of contract teacher training have been considered.

Биофизика и медицинская физика Методический отдел МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ ОТДЕЛ УДК 383+37.013(082)+001.8(031)Диссертация как научный нарратив В. М. Аникин, И. В. Измайлов, А. В. Лячин, Б. Н. Пойзнер Аникин Валерий Михайлович, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, декан, заведующий кафедрой компьютерной физики и метаматериалов на базе Саратовского филиала Института радиотехники и электроники имени В

Properties of nonlinear optical interferometers are described, which compose the basis of the chaotic oscillators. Its advantages and shortcomings are analyzed from the point of view of confidential communication system resistance, which uses these devices.

The book “Cryptology Transmitted Message Protection” results are summed up laconically. Authors indicate potential ways of further fundamental investigations in this field. In particular, it should be necessary to eliminate a break between nonlinear dynamic cryptographic paradigm and the traditional ones. The authors position is to be able to generate a discussion of professionals on this interesting and promising direction.

This book presents methods to improve information security for protected communication. It combines and applies interdisciplinary scientific engineering concepts, including cryptography, chaos theory, nonlinear and singular optics, radio-electronics and self-changing artificial systems. It also introduces additional ways to improve information security using optical vortices as information carriers and self-controlled nonlinearity, with nonlinearity playing a key \"evolving\" role. The proposed solutions allow the universal phenomenon of deterministic chaos to be discussed in the context of information security problems on the basis of examples of both electronic and optical systems. Further, the book presents the vortex detector and communication systems and describes mathematical models of the chaos oscillator as a coder in the synchronous chaotic communication and appropriate decoders, demonstrating their efficiency both analytically and experimentally. Lastly it discusses the cryptologic features of analyzed systems and suggests a series of new structures for confident communication.

Mathematical models created and offered by authors are described, computer and laboratory experiments results are discussed, which disclose properties of radio electronic and optical chaotic oscillators. In this context, the suggested optical analog of the cytoskeleton microtubule is shown.

As the strategy of resistance increase of the confidential communication systems, authors offer diversification of the nonlinear element of the chaotic oscillator. The idea of the distantly controlled and self-changing transfer characteristic of the nonlinear element is put forward. It is shown that the similar approach to the nonlinearity is under practice unconsciously in optics from XIX century.

Steganography and physical resistance of the confidential communication system using properties of the wave front of the electromagnetic wave with screw dislocation is discussed. This system uses the high-speed vortex detector offered by authors.

The structural circuit, the mathematical model and laboratory experiments results are described, which explain properties of the radio electronic chaotic oscillator with nonlinearity in the form of parabola composition. Factors influencing to confidential communication quality, which use this oscillator, are studied.

Elements of classical cryptology are described. The optical vortex is interpreted as the information carrier. Fundamentals of the dynamic chaos oscillator operation are disclosed including optical ones, mathematical models are discussed, principles of its application for information protection are described.

The problems of perception, significance of numerical assessments of scientific publications quality, copyright protection are considered. Examples from the history of science are given. Ethical issues by using electronic scientific databases are named.

Possibility of dynamic chaos using for determination of navigation objects position (over a communication channel length, or for a signal delay time in it) is discussed. In this context the correlation properties of dynamic modes of spiral and screw chaos types are studied and compared using a Rössler generator as an example:.

Authors' conception of controllable and self-controllable non-linearity is described (as a discussion theme). Its implementation is one of the possible ways to give the biological objects' features (“biologization”) to usual engineering systems. In particular, it can be useful to increase resistance of confidential communication systems.

The method is proposed of optical vortex topological charge detection along with a design of a corresponding detector. The developed technique is based on measurements of light field intensity. Mathematical model simulating performance of the detector is described in the paper, and results of numerical experiments are presented which illustrate recognition of a vortex in a turbulent medium and in the presence of amplitude and phase noise in the registered radiation. Influence of shifts of the system optical axis on precision of registration is also considered in the paper.

The principle of determining the topological charge of an optical vortex is suggested based on measuring the light field intensity and designing the corresponding detector. A mathematical model of the performance of the detector of topological vortex charge is presented. Results of numerical experiments imitating the vortex recognition in the presence of turbulence or (amplitude or phase) noise in registered radiation as well as of the displacement of the optical beam source and detector axes are presented. Principles are formulated of designing the position finder for an optical vortex (that is, the detector of vortex coordinates) that allows us to consider its realization in the form of mathematical and numerical model. Conditions of reliable operation of the vortex detector and singular optical communication line constructed on its basis are estimated. Dependencies of the probability of error in data transfer on the turbulence intensity, photodetector noise amplitude, and displacement of the optical axes are investigated for different coding algorithms (absolute and differential with fixed or adaptive threshold). The data of modeling confirm the results of analytical calculations.

The method is proposed of optical vortex topological charge detection along with a design of a corresponding detector. The developed technique is based on measurements of light field intensity. Mathematical model simulating performance of the detector is described in the paper and results of numerical experiments are presented which illustrate recognition of a vortex in the presence of amplitude and phase noise in the registered radiation.