Objectives: In patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), baseline nutritional status is frequently recorded, but what happens during treatment may be at least as informative. We examined whether the 3-month change in Mini Nutritional Assessment (ΔMNA)–Short Form (SF) is associated with survival, and how this relates to baseline systemic inflammation measured by modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS). Methods: We retrospectively screened institutional records and included 54 adults with advanced/metastatic solid tumors treated with ICIs who had MNA-SF documented at treatment start and again at approximately 3 months. ΔMNA was defined as MNA-SF (~3 months) minus baseline MNA-SF (higher values indicate improvement) and was categorized for Kaplan–Meier analyses as worsened (≤ −1), stable (= 0), or improved (≥ +1). Baseline mGPS was derived using CRP >5 mg/L and albumin <35 g/L. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were measured from ICI initiation. Cox regression assessed ΔMNA as a continuous variable, with prespecified adjustment for baseline mGPS, age, and sex.Results: Median follow-up was 317 days (IQR 170.5–457.3). Death occurred in 16/54 patients and a PFS event in 27/54. Median OS was 706 days (1-year OS 71.3%; 2-year OS 49.4%), and median PFS was 337 days (1-year PFS 48.5%; 2-year PFS 15.1%). Nutritional categories shifted toward better status at 3 months (baseline normal/risk/malnutrition 29/23/2 vs 35/17/2 at follow-up). In univariable Cox models, higher ΔMNA was associated with longer survival (PFS: HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–0.94; P=0.016; OS: HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.38–0.82; P=0.003). In prespecified multivariable models, baseline mGPS was independently associated with OS (HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.00–3.45; P=0.048). After adjustment, the association between ΔMNA and outcomes remained in the protective direction but did not meet conventional statistical significance (OS: HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.42–1.06; P=0.086; PFS: HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56–1.05; P=0.094). In an exploratory lung cancer subgroup (n=36), ΔMNA was associated with improved PFS (HR 0.62; P=0.008) and OS (HR 0.59; P=0.018). These subgroup findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating.Conclusions: Baseline mGPS captured inflammatory risk at ICI start, while ΔMNA captured what happened to nutritional status over the first 3 months. In this cohort, nutritional improvement showed a consistent protective direction for OS and PFS even after accounting for baseline inflammation, and mGPS retained an independent association with OS. These findings support prospective studies that reassess nutrition during immunotherapy rather than relying on a single baseline measurement.

Background: Accurate prognostic stratification is essential for clinical decision-making in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Although the International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) model is widely used, its discriminatory capacity may be limited in specific clinical subpopulations. The Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) score, based on serum albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, and the number of metastatic sites, has not been evaluated as a prognostic tool in patients with de novo mRCC receiving first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 149 patients with de novo metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received first-line TKI therapy (pazopanib, sunitinib, or cabozantinib) at two tertiary oncology centers in Turkey. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: The median OS and PFS were 23.1 months (95% CI: 19.4-26.8) and 9.4 months (95% CI: 7.0-11.8), respectively. The OS showed a stepwise decline across RMH risk groups, ranging from 40.7 months in patients with an RMH score of 0 to 8.6 months in those with an RMH score of 3. In the multivariate analysis, the RMH score (HR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.61; p = 0.026) and sarcomatoid differentiation (HR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.09-3.72; p = 0.025) were independently associated with worse OS. The IMDC score did not retain independent prognostic significance (p = 0.129). The RMH score was not significantly associated with PFS after multivariable adjustment, and the IMDC score was not significantly associated with PFS in univariate analysis and was therefore not entered into the multivariable PFS model. Conclusions: The RMH score independently predicted overall survival in patients with de novo mRCC receiving first-line TKI therapy, whereas the IMDC score did not retain independent prognostic significance in this cohort. Given its simplicity and reliance on objective parameters, the RMH score may provide complementary prognostic information in this patient population; however, external validation in independent cohorts is required before broader clinical implementation can be considered.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Malignant melanoma remains a highly aggressive malignancy with substantial mortality despite advances in systemic therapy. Identifying simple and reproducible prognostic biomarkers is essential for improving risk stratification. Inflammation- and nutrition-based indices-including the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI), dynamic SIRI, and the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score-have shown prognostic value in various cancers. This study assessed the prognostic significance of these indices in patients with locally advanced or metastatic melanoma using real-world data. METHODS:A retrospective cohort of 138 patients treated between 2010 and 2023 was analyzed. Baseline demographic, clinical, nutritional, and inflammatory parameters were collected. Optimal cut-off values for SII, SIRI, 6-month SIRI, and dynamic SIRI were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and independent predictors were identified with multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS:Elevated baseline SII and SIRI were significantly associated with shorter overall survival. Both 6-month SIRI and dynamic SIRI demonstrated strong prognostic value, emphasizing the importance of longitudinal inflammatory changes. In multivariate analysis, response to first-line therapy emerged as the only independent predictor of disease progression. Patients with a CONUT score ≥ 3 showed significantly shorter OS and PFS in univariate analyses, underscoring the prognostic relevance of nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS:SII, SIRI, 6-month SIRI, dynamic SIRI, and CONUT are practical, accessible, and reproducible biomarkers with meaningful prognostic value in advanced melanoma. Incorporating these indices into routine clinical assessment may enhance risk stratification and support more personalized treatment decision-making.

Background and Objectives: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct type of head and neck cancer with unique epidemiological and pathological characteristics. Inflammatory and nutritional markers have been increasingly recognized as prognostic indicators in cancer. In this study, we aim to evaluate the significance of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CRP/Alb) in the prognosis of patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 78 patients diagnosed with locally advanced NPC who received chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with or without induction or adjuvant chemotherapy between January 2010 and April 2024. Patient characteristics, treatment modalities, inflammatory and nutritional markers, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of PNI and CRP/Alb. Results: A lower PNI (≤52.90) and lower CRP/Alb ratio (≤0.14) were significantly associated with higher mortality risk (p = 0.043 and 0.023, respectively). Tumor size (≥32.85 mm) was also found to be a significant prognostic factor (p = 0.041). Patients receiving CCRT alone or with adjuvant chemotherapy had a better OS and PFS compared to those who received induction chemotherapy plus CCRT (p = 0.028 and 0.002, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that CCRT + AC (HR: 0.17, p = 0.029) and CCRT (HR: 0.25, p = 0.049) significantly reduced the risk of death. Conclusions: PNI and CRP/Alb ratio are independent prognostic markers in locally advanced NPC, providing valuable insights into patient stratification and treatment optimization. These findings support their integration into routine clinical practice for risk assessment. Future large-scale, multicenter studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Whether inflammatory and nutritional parameters shift meaningfully in the first months of systemic treatment - and whether these shifts predict outcomes - has not been adequately addressed. We set out to track these changes from treatment initiation to month 3 in adults with newly diagnosed solid tumors, with progression-free and overall survival as primary endpoints. METHODS:This was a single-center prospective study running from August 2023 through August 2024. Patients aged ≥ 18 with histologically proven solid tumors who were about to start systemic anticancer therapy were consecutively enrolled; 100 completed both assessment points. At each visit - baseline and month 3 - we recorded anthropometric data, performed BIA for body composition, administered the MNA-SF, measured handgrip strength and gait speed, and collected fasting blood samples for biochemical analysis. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Spearman correlation, ROC curves, and logistic regression were the main analytical tools. RESULTS:No sarcopenia was detected at baseline. By month 3, only one patient (1%) had developed it. Body fat percentage dropped significantly (P = 0.019); SMI and muscle mass stayed stable. MNA scores were essentially unchanged. Third-month CRP was the only independent predictor of both progression and survival (cut-off 4.74 mg/L; AUC 0.672; P = 0.008). CRP ≥ 4.74 mg/L conferred a 3.63-fold higher progression risk on multivariate analysis (OR 3.63; 95% CI 1.34-9.85; P = 0.011). Albumin correlated with SMI at month 3 (r = 0.214; P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS:Sarcopenia was uncommon this early in the disease course. Inflammation, however, was not. Third-month CRP predicted outcomes independently - even in patients whose nutritional scores and muscle indices remained intact. This dissociation suggests inflammatory activation precedes measurable compositional decline. The positive correlation between albumin and SMI supports albumin's role as both a nutritional and functional marker. Routine CRP and albumin checks during early treatment may prove useful for identifying patients who need closer follow-up.

Background and Objectives: Reliable pretreatment biomarkers to guide treatment selection in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC) remain an unmet need. Systemic inflammatory indices derived from routine blood tests have emerged as accessible prognostic markers. This study evaluated the prognostic value of inflammation-based indices in patients with HER2-positive mBC treated with trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective single-center cohort study, 50 patients with HER2-positive mBC treated with T-DM1 in the second-line setting were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. ROC analysis assessed the prognostic performance of the CRP/albumin ratio (CAO), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). Variables associated with PFS were further evaluated using multivariable Cox regression. Results: The median follow-up was 46 months. Median OS from initial diagnosis and median PFS from T-DM1 initiation were 96 and 7 months, respectively. Metastatic pattern (p = 0.010), CNS involvement at T-DM1 initiation (p = 0.025), liver metastasis (p = 0.041), and best radiologic response (p < 0.001) were associated with PFS. ROC analysis showed modest discrimination (CAO AUC 0.694, NLR 0.658, PLR 0.646, and SII 0.653). In multivariable analysis, best radiologic response to T-DM1 was strongly associated with progression risk and appeared to reflect treatment sensitivity rather than acting as a pretreatment predictor. Conclusions: T-DM1 provided meaningful disease control in this real-world cohort. Treatment response was the main determinant of progression, while baseline inflammatory markers offered modest complementary prognostic value. These findings may aid patient selection for T-DM1, particularly in settings with limited access to trastuzumab deruxtecan.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent form of malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related fatalities. In clinical practice, metastatic sites are identified on a case-by-case basis. ALK rearrangements are detected in 3-5% of NSCLC cases and are known to have a tendency (tropism) to metastasize to the brain. Methods: Data from 81 ALK-positive and 91 ALK-negative metastatic NSCLC patients were retrospectively analyzed. Systemic markers, including HALP score, NLR, PLR, LMR, and LDH, were calculated from blood tests at the time of metastasis. Optimal cut-off values were determined using ROC analysis. Survival outcomes and prognostic factors were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results: ALK-positive patients were significantly associated with female gender (p = 0.002), non-smoking status (p = 0.001), adenocarcinoma histology (p = 0.001), and a higher incidence of brain metastases (p = 0.001). In univariate analysis, age, time to metastasis, liver metastasis, and NLR were prognostic for survival. Crucially, multivariate analysis identified liver metastasis as an independent predictor of poor prognosis (HR = 1.618; 95% CI: 1.050-2.494; p = 0.029), indicating a 61.8% increased risk of death or progression. While inflammation markers (NLR, HALP, PLR, LMR) did not predict metastasis to specific sites, elevated LDH levels were significantly associated with liver metastasis (p = 0.007). Conclusion: ALK-positive NSCLC demonstrates a marked CNS tropism; however, liver metastasis remains a more critical adverse prognostic factor than brain metastasis in real-world settings. While routine inflammation markers showed limited utility in predicting site-specific metastasis, LDH levels correlated significantly with liver involvement. Aggressive management strategies are warranted for ALK-positive patients presenting with liver metastases.

Aim: Reliable prognostic biomarkers are needed to improve risk stratification in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We developed and validated a simple composite risk score that integrates clinical, laboratory, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) derived parameters to predict survival. Methods: This retrospective single-center study included 50 patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent a baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT before systemic treatment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine cut-off values for total lesion glycolysis (TLG), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). A composite risk score (0-4) was created by assigning one point each for liver metastasis, MTV above the cut-off, TLG above the cut-off, and CA19-9 >1000 U/mL. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results: The median OS and PFS were 13.73 and 7.23 months, respectively. ROC analysis identified cut-off values of 15.55 cm3 for MTV, 93.88 for TLG, and 1000 U/mL for CA19-9. Twenty-three patients (46.0%) were classified as low risk (score 0-1) and 27 (54.0%) as high-risk (score ≥2). High-risk patients had significantly shorter OS (10.35 vs. 14.62 months, p=0.018) and PFS (6.01 vs. 7.29 months, p=0.048) than low-risk patients. One-year OS rates were 41.7% and 81.0%, respectively. Conclusions: The proposed composite risk score was associated with distinct survival outcomes in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. By integrating routinely available clinical, laboratory, and PET/CT-derived variables, this pragmatic model may assist baseline prognostic stratification. These findings require validation in larger prospective multicenter cohorts before clinical implementation.

BackgroundTransarterial chemoembolization with irinotecan-loaded drug-eluting beads is an established locoregional option for selected patients with colorectal liver metastases who are not candidates for resection or ablation, but survival outcomes remain heterogeneous and simple prognostic tools are lacking.MethodsIn this retrospective single-center study, we analyzed 70 patients treated between 2015 and 2024 to investigate whether the interaction between systemic inflammation and liver tumor burden can stratify survival after this procedure. Dynamic inflammatory change was quantified using the difference in the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (ΔCAR) between baseline and early post-treatment assessments, and liver tumor burden was categorized by the number of metastases (< 5 vs. ≥ 5). These components were integrated into a composite chemoembolization–tumor burden–inflammation balance score (CT-IBS), and its association with early radiologic response, progression-free survival, and overall survival was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, and multivariable Cox regression.ResultsAt a median follow-up of 20.3 months, median progression-free and overall survival were 9.1 and 18.9 months, respectively, and early radiologic response (complete or partial) was observed in 75.7% of patients. Higher ΔCAR and a greater number of liver metastases were independently associated with inferior overall survival. The CT-IBS stratified patients into three distinct prognostic groups (median overall survival 27.3 vs. 17.8 vs. 8.6 months; p < 0.001; area under the curve 0.703).ConclusionIntegrating dynamic inflammatory changes with liver tumor burden yields a simple, reproducible classification that may support risk stratification, patient selection, and post-treatment surveillance after irinotecan-eluting bead chemoembolization for colorectal liver metastases.

Objective: Accurate pretreatment risk assessment remains an important challenge for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) undergoing lutetium- 177-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (Lu-177 PSMA) radioligand therapy, highlighting the need for reliable prognostic markers. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 52 consecutive patients with mCRPC who underwent Lu-177 PSMA radioligand therapy at a single tertiary referral center. Baseline demographic, laboratory, and imaging characteristics were recorded before treatment initiation. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and baseline factors associated with PFS were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: After a median follow-up of 14.0 months, the median PFS and OS were 8.34 and 16.99 months, respectively. Disease progression occurred in 48 patients (92.3%), while 42 (80.8%) died during follow-up. Elevated baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and the presence of visceral metastases were associated with significantly shorter PFS. In multivariable analysis, baseline PSA [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.446; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.204-1.738; p<0.001] and visceral metastasis (adjusted HR: 2.441; 95% CI: 1.049-5.682; p=0.038) remained independently associated with disease progression. Baseline maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and mean SUV did not demonstrate significant prognostic value. Conclusion: Baseline PSA and visceral metastasis were independently associated with shorter PFS in patients with mCRPC treated with Lu-177 PSMA, whereas conventional semiquantitative PSMA positron emission tomography/computed tomography parameters were not. These findings suggest that routinely available baseline clinical characteristics may help identify patients at increased risk of early progression prior to radioligand therapy.

This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of IBI score (inflammatory benchmark index) and NLR (neutrophil lymphocyte ratio) change during treatment for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. A total of 155 NSCLC patients without driver mutations who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) were included in the study. Laboratory and clinical parameters evaluated at the beginning and third month of ICI treatment were retrospectively recorded. The prognostic value of IBI score, NLR ratio and NLR change values were analysed using CRP, neutrophil, lymphocyte and platelet values. The median follow-up period was 26 months. Chemotherapy and ICI status of the patients were recorded. Regardless of the stage of immunotherapy, 34.8% of the patients (54 patients) did not progress after ICI. 101 patients (65.2%) progressed after ICI. The increase in mortality was significant when NLR≥10.25 (p<0.001) and NLR Change≥3.60 (p<0.001). Age (p=0.021), ECOG performance (p=0.043), stage at diagnosis (p=0.013), NLR change (p<0.001) and NLR (p<0.001) were significantly associated with mOS. Age (p=0.013), stage at diagnosis (p=0.004), IBI score (p=0.027), NLR change (p=0.001) and NLR (p=0.002) were prognostic for PFS. All these results suggest that ‘IBI score and NLR change’ can be used as prognostic markers for ICI treatment response in NSCLC patients.

Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusions, which have been identified as a major genetic alteration in some tumors, have rarely been reported in more common tumors such as non-small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC). In addition to immunohistochemical methods for NTRK fusion detection, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and next generation sequencing tests are used molecularly. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent NTRK gene fusion play a role in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC, associated with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis. This retrospective study included 340 cases of NSCLC diagnosed in our institution. All cases were analyzed in terms of Pan-TRK immunohistochemical expression, clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis. Immunohistochemical Pan-TRK positivity was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In cases in which NTRK fusion was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, NTRK fusion was reconfirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemical Pan-TRK (clone EPR17341) expression was observed in 25 (7.4%) cases. NTRK3 fusion was detected in 3 of these cases by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Two NTRK fusion positive cases were squamous cell carcinoma and one case was adenocarcinoma. Our findings suggest that immunohistochemistry can be used as a screening test, but requires molecular confirmation. Our finding of NTRK3 fusion in squamous cell carcinomas with limited treatment options, suggests that the driver function of this gene may be more effective in this group.

Background: Systemic inflammation and nutritional status have emerged as promising prognostic indicators across various malignancies; however, their clinical relevance in advanced laryngeal cancer remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of inflammation- and nutrition-based indices on the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic laryngeal cancer. Methods: A total of 147 patients treated at Pamukkale University between 2013 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline hematologic and biochemical parameters were used to calculate the Naples Prognostic Score (NPS), the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), the Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), the C-reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio (CAR), and the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI). Survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and independent prognostic factors were identified by Cox regression analyses. Results: The median OS and PFS were 55.5 and 48.8 months, respectively. In univariate analyses, high NPS, CONUT, SIRI, SII, and CAR values were significantly associated with inferior OS and PFS (p < 0.05). Multivariate analyses identified advanced stage, disease progression during chemotherapy, and high NPS as independent predictors of both the OS and PFS, whereas surgery conferred a survival advantage. Conclusions: Inflammation- and nutrition-based indices, particularly NPS, are strong prognostic markers for survival in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. Routine integration of these parameters may enhance individualized risk stratification and guide treatment decisions in clinical practice.

68 yaşında bayan hasta Mayıs 2021 de sağ hemikolektomi oldu. Patoloji raporu T3N2 kötü diferansiye adenokarsinom olarak raporlandı. Tanı anında batın içi lenf nodlarında metastaz mevcuttu. KRAS ve NRAS mutasyonu saptanmadı, BRAF V600 E mutasyonu saptandı. Birinci sıra tedavi olarak Folfirinox-Bevasizumab verildi. Yanıt elde edilemediği için ve hedef mutasyon olduğu için Enkorafenib-Setuksimab tedavisine geçildi. İki yıl tam yanıt devam etti. Aralık 2023 karaciğer metastazı gelişmesi üzerine Folfiri-Bevasizumab tedavisi planlandı. Ekim 2024 tarihinde hasta karaciğer yetmezliği gelişmesi üzerine exitus oldu. Evre dört kolon kanseri tanılı hastada iki yıl süreyle hedefe yönelik tedaviden iyi yanıt alınması nedeniyle olguyu sunmak istedik.

Introduction: It is unclear which patients with testicular cancer (TC) experience a higher incidence of bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic significance of lymphocyte-associated inflammation markers that may predict bleomycin-related pulmonary toxicity in TC. Results: Clinical and laboratory data were recorded for 118 patients diagnosed with TC who received bleomycin, with a median age at diagnosis of 32.19 ± 9.62. Symptomatic pulmonary toxicity was present in 19.49% (n = 23) of patients. Of these, 66.67% had a DLCO decrease of more than 10%. When comparing patients with and without pulmonary toxicity, there were no differences in terms of age at diagnosis, performance status, histopathological subgroup, tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, diagnostic symptom, stage, number of adjuvant treatment cycles, and tumor marker levels. Patients with pulmonary toxicity were more likely to be active smokers than those without pulmonary toxicity, and NLR > 1.64, PLR > 93.92, CLR > 0.49, SII > 444.25, and SIRI > 0.66 were found to be statistically significant. Lymphocyte-related inflammation markers (NLR, PLR, LMR, CLR, SII, and SIRI) were found to be prognostic for pulmonary toxicity. There was 5.2 times more pulmonary toxicity in smokers than in non-smokers. The prognostic inflammation markers that enable us to predict pulmonary toxicity are TC. Conclusions: The employment of lymphocyte-related inflammation biomarkers at the commencement of treatment offers a means of predicting bleomycin-related pulmonary toxicity in TC.

Objective: Obesity increases the risk of endometrial cancer (EC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic effect of sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenic visceral obesity, calculated with the help of cross-sectional imaging methods of muscle and visceral adipose tissue from body composition parameters, in EC. Methods: Patients diagnosed with EC were identified between January 2014 and June 2024. The combination of radiological markers and patient outcomes can predict prognosis. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and visceral fat index (VFI) were calculated from computed tomography (CT) and/or abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) scans taken at the time of diagnosis at the Lumbal 3 (L3) vertebra level. The findings of these analyses demonstrate the strongest correlation with the ratio of muscle and visceral fat tissue throughout the body. The loss of muscle and fat is an unfavourable indicator in patients with EC. The present study analysed the prognostic values of sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, sarcopenic visceral obesity, and the visceral fat index in EC. The total skeletal muscle area was calculated in square centimetres. Body surface area (m2) was calculated using the Mosteller formula: ((height (cm) × weight (kg))/3600)1/2. To normalize body composition components, the skeletal muscle index was calculated as cm2/m2. Results: The study comprised a total of 236 EC patients. The prevalence of sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and sarcopenic visceral obesity were found to be 48.31%, 33.47%, and 22.88%, respectively. The presence of sarcopenia, high VFI levels, sarcopenic obesity, and sarcopenic visceral obesity did not demonstrate statistical significance in the survival analysis. However, stage increase (p = 0.001), primary tumour localization in the lower uterine segment (p = 0.001), serous carcinoma (p = 0.001), increased grade in endometrioid carcinoma (p = 0.023), and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with increased mortality risk. The presence of sarcopenia was found to be significant in patients with obesity (p = 0.008) and those aged ≥ 65 years (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In EC survival, established prognostic factors such as serous histopathology, LVI positivity, and the extent of surgical staging are prioritised. The presence of these well-established markers means the potential effect of BMI-based observations, such as the ‘obesity paradox’, and even body composition measurements, such as sarcopenic obesity, are now statistically insignificant. Our findings suggest that aggressive tumour biology (serous type, LVI) and surgery, rather than metabolic variables such as sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenic visceral obesity, are the direct reason for the survival difference. This is due to the tumour’s aggressive nature and clinical characteristics (e.g., age at diagnosis, operability, stage, primary tumour localization in the lower uterine segment, serous carcinoma, grade, and LVI positivity) rather than metabolic variables.

Purpose: The impact of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) utilisation on prognosis and the prognostic value of inflammatory markers (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune inflammation score (SII), prognostic nutrition index (PNI)) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were evaluated in the context of the ongoing pandemic. The cut-off values of the prognostic markers were obtained from clinical studies in the literature. Materials and methods: A non-probability sequential sampling technique ensured the study included 104 patients who had received ICI at any stage. Laboratory tests taken at the outset of ICI treatment were recorded, and NLR, PLR, PNI and SII were calculated and 2-year median overall survival (mOS) was then evaluated. Results: The median age of the cohort was 63.99 years, with 98% of patients being male. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus was documented in 29 patients (27.9%). The survival results were similar in both groups when the cut-off values were applied for inflamatuar markers. The two-year mOS was 22 months (44.1%). The two-year survival rate of patients who developed a SARS-CoV-2 infection following the administration of an ICI at any stage of treatment was inferior to that of ICI recipients who did not develop the infection (14.3 months vs. 53.6 months; p=0.001). In contrast with previous studies, 57.1% of patients with a PD-L1 level of 0 survived for two years, while only 10% with levels of 1-49 did so (p=0.010). Conclusion: This study revealed a significantly lower two-year survival rate in patients with a positive diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 during ICI use compared to those without a positive diagnosis (14.3 months; 53.6 months; p=0.001). In the course of our research, we were unsuccessful in identifying a prognostic marker that could be useful in predicting survival in NSCLC patients using ICI in the context of the pandemic. This investigation yielded findings that differed from the conclusions of previous studies. It demonstrated that, contrary to the prevailing view, the two-year survival rate was higher in patients exhibiting PD-L1 '0' than in those with PD-L1:1-49 (57.1%; 10%, p=0.010).

Aim According to the information obtained from the World Health Organization database, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Turkey increased by 17.78% between the years of 2018 and 2020. In this study, we investigated the prognostic value of albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score and lymphocyte-associated inflammation markers on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and Methods Data of 141 patients with advanced HCC were included in this study. ALBI score and lymphocyte-associated inflammatory marker were calculated. As a result, the prognostic significance of these tests for survival were evaluated. Results The median age was 65 years (min: 26-max: 88). There were 58 (41.1%) hepatitis B virus (HBV) positive, 20 (14.2%) hepatitis C (HCV) positive and 63 (44.7%) patients with no history of hepatitis. Cut-off values of ALBI score and lymphocyte-associated inflammation markers were found by receiver operating characteristic analysis. ALBI (p<0.001), aspartate aminotransferase-to-lymphocyte ratio (ALRI) (p<0.001), prognostic nutritional index (PNI) (p=0.030), hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score (HALP) (p=0.003) scores were significantly associated with survival. In multivariate analysis, being >= 65 years old [hazard ratios (HR): 2.13; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.44-3.17; p<0.001], ALRI >= 30.79 (HR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.20-3.82; p=0.009) predicted an increased risk of death and ALBI >=-2.54 (HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.29-0.69; p<0.001) predicted a decreased risk of death. Being >= 65 years old (HR: 174, 95% CI: 1.18-2.56; p=0.005) increased the risk of progression. Conclusion This study supports the statistically significant association of ALBI score and lymphocyte-associated inflammation markers (ALRI, PNI, HALP) with OS and PFS in advanced HCC patients. It is thought that this study will contribute to the literature and clinical practice.

Objective:We analysed the relationship between albumin and CRP related inflammation markers (Controlling nutritional status(Conut)score, lymphocyte albumin factor(LA), albumin-bilirubin score (ALBI), highly sensitive modified Glasgow prognostic score (Hs-mGPS), Glasgow prognostic score(GPS)) and locoregional treatment response in HCC. Materials and methods:Among 180 HCC patients, 63 patients who underwent locoregional therapy were included in this study. Albumin and CRP related immuno-nutrition scores were calculated by recording routine laboratory tests between the fourth and eighth week after treatment. The predictive and prognostic value of these markers for overall survival(OS) and disease free survival after treatment(DFS) were analysed. Results:The mean age was 63 years (min-max:26-87) and 59 (93.7%) of the patients were male. The mean follow up period was 25 months and 53 patients were deceased (84.1%). mOS: 18.56 months (min-max: 13.13-23.99); mDFS: 7 months (min-max: 3.63-10.37) after locoregional treatment. Cut-off values of prognostic markers were determined by Roc analysis. Statistically significant correlation was found between age(p=0.019), Conut(p=0.001), GPS(p=0.028), Hs-mGPS(p=0.012), LA(p=0.017) and ALBI(p=0.002) and mOS. The relationship between Conut(p=0.002), GPS(p

Superscan is a classic finding identified especially in bone scintigraphy. It is generally seen in metabolic bone diseases and diffuse bone metastases. This case is presented to emphasize the distinction of malignbenign of the superscan in F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging.