基于我国首次公开披露的财务报表审计项目质量复核人员数据,本文研究了披露内容和复核人员繁忙程度跟审计质量的关系,结果发现:复核项目工作量以及复核人员的年龄、性别、毕业学校、学历、专业、CPA执业经验等个体特征在会计师事务所之间存在系统性差异;繁忙复核人员所在项目的审计质量较低,但未出现在设置专职复核人员的事务所中;复核人员信息能额外解释公告披露时的市场反应,并且在小型事务所中解释程度增幅更大;当市场关注程度高时,复核人员的繁忙程度与审计质量没有关联;复核人员跟主审的年龄差距会影响复核安排和审计质量.研究建议监控复核人员工作量,警惕交叉复核等情形,并持续研判专职、兼职人员复核制度的优劣.

本文揭示了多重信用评级的信息生产机制和信用认证机制,排除了“信用评级购买”假说对于多重评级动机的解释,研究发现:多重信用评级有利于降低债券融资成本;相对于不一致的多重信用评级,一致的多重信用评级更有利于降低债券融资成本.在多重信用评级中,相对于评级机构均为“发行人付费”模式,兼有“投资者付费”模式的信用评级更有利于降低债券融资成本.此外,当多重信用评级的评级意见不一致时,平均评级的信息含量最高,即综合不同信用评级所包含的多种信息比任何单一信用评级更加具有信息含量.本研究为我国债券市场双评级制度提供了理论和经验证据的支持,有助于完善多元化信用评级制度和债券市场监管制度,并提示发债企业可以通过多重信用评级向市场传递更多和更具效度的评级信息,以弥补单一信用评级的信息不足和评级结果失准,减少投资者决策的不确定性,从而降低债券融资成本.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">国外研究表明,当投资人付费评级机构给出更低的评级时,发行人付费评级机构为维护市场声誉,通常也会"跟随"着调低评级。但2009～2014年期间中国发债企业主体评级的数据却给出了截然相反的结果,面对中债资信的低评级,发行人付费评级机构不但不会"跟随",反而会调高拟发债企业的后续主体评级进行"对冲"。本文从"监管套利"角度解释了这种"反常现象":中国监管部门限制主体评级很低的企业发债,相应地市场投资机构也通常都限制投资于低评级企业发行的债券;所以,一旦中债资信对拟发债企业给出很低的主体评级,拟发债企业就可能为了成功发债而寻求发行人付费评级机构给出更高评级,以便对冲掉来自中债资信的负面冲击。本文基于双重差分法的经验检验,支持了上述理论解释。</span>

This paper investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on corporate financial fraud in China. We find that CSR scores are negatively associated with fraudulent financial activities, suggesting that CSR firms are less likely to engage in financial fraud. The results also indicate that the negative relation is more significant for CSR performance than CSR disclosure. Additionally, we demonstrate that the negative effect of CSR is more pronounced for firms with voluntary CSR practices, continuous CSR engagements, financial pressure and internal control weaknesses. Overall, we find that CSR is an ethical behaviour that reduces financial misconduct.

非财务信息可以反映企业内在价值,反馈至股价中则有利于引导企业的投资行为,但其要求市场上拥有大量具备信息搜集、解读与分析能力优势与践行价值投资的投资者,而开放资本市场有利于将发达资本市场的成熟投资者引入新兴市场国家,实现市场合理定价与资源的有效配置.利用沪深港通交易制度实施的外生事件,本文考察了中国资本市场开放对非财务信息定价与企业投资关系的影响,结果发现沪深港通交易制度实施会提高企业投资与非财务信息定价的敏感性,表明该交易制度能够增强非财务信息定价并影响企业投资.这种效应产生的主要原因在于股价是企业融资的重要决定因素,沪深港通交易制度会提高长期债务融资与非财务信息定价的敏感性,从而影响企业投资的融资支持.本文研究表明,通过资本市场开放引入发达资本市场投资者有利于优化投资者结构,增强股价对实体经济的引导作用,提高资本市场效率.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between internal control, economic policy uncertainty, and performance of cross-border merger and acquisition (M&A) based on the panel data of Chinese listed firms. The authors expected that internal control has a positive moderating effect on the performance of cross-border M&A and that it mainly occurs during periods when economic policies are relatively stable. In addition, the authors tried to find out the mechanism of internal control affecting cross-border M&A and the corporate performance. Design/methodology - The authors tested the hypotheses by a multivariate regression model based on the panel data of Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2017. The dependent variable is the change value of business performance (DROA_1,2,3) and the explanatory variables are cross-border M&A (MA), China's uncertainty of economic policy (EPU), and internal control level (IC) respectively. Findings - The authors find that internal control has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between cross-border M&A and corporate performance. Further, the authors find that the moderating effect is more significant in state-owned enterprises and that it mainly occurs during periods when economic policies are relatively stable. Originality/value - This paper is the leading study that tries to analyze empirically the relationship between internal control, economic policy uncertainty, and performance of cross-border M&A. It provides a new avenue through which internal control might reasonably mitigate the risks of cross-border M&A and correspondingly improve the performance of cross-border M&A. It also confirms the moderating effect of internal control on the performance of cross-border M&A under the uncertainty of economic policy.

以我国融资融券试点为准自然实验,从被审计方的行为选择视角,采用双重差分模型(DID)和倾向得分匹配法(PSM),考察了放松卖空限制对上市公司审计师选择的影响,发现放松卖空管制会促使上市公司选择审计质量较高的会计师事务所.该效应在非国有企业中更加显著,而且卖空标的公司更加倾向于变更为高质量的会计师事务所.进一步研究发现,卖空机制对高质量审计师选择的影响,并非是融资做多所致,而是主要源于融券做空的卖空压力.本文为我国在条件成熟时全面放开卖空机制以及会计师事务所做大做强并提高审计质量,提供了来自上市公司行为选择的经验证据支持,并提示学界在研究审计师选择时应该考虑卖空机制因素.

基于2008-2014年我国A股主板和中小板上市公司12 625个观察值,按照总体样本与行业样本分别检验内部控制与企业绩效的关系,结果表明:内部控制与总体上市公司以及三大行业上市公司的绩效均呈显著正相关,但内部控制对企业绩效的影响存在行业差异,即在技术密集型和劳动密集型行业中的影响显著强于资本密集型行业.因此,政策制订部门可扩大内部控制规范体系实施范围,逐步推动中小板、创业板上市公司与非上市大中型企业提前实施内部控制规范体系,并重点督导资本密集型行业内部控制的建立健全和实施情况,同时,资本密集型企业管理层应针对本企业特征建立相匹配的内部控制体系.

基于中国信用债券市场的违约事件,本文研究发现:涉事评级机构不仅没有因为涉及债券违约事件而收紧信用评级标准,反而更加高估企业的信用评级水平,并且涉及的债券违约事件越多,高估信用评级的程度越大。但投资者通过"用脚投票"方式惩罚了涉事评级机构,导致其市场份额相对于非涉事评级机构出现显著下降或者增长较低的态势,同时涉事评级机构的信用评级意见对于降低企业融资成本的作用显著降低。

现有研究鲜有讨论高水平审计师选择与高质量会计信息在传递信号方面是否存在替代性。本文基于我国发行信用债券的1891个企业样本,从信用评级视角出发,研究了高水平审计师选择与高质量会计信息的信号替代性。结果表明,拥有高质量会计信息的企业更可能选择高水平审计师,以强化其不会侵占投资者的信号效应,而且外部审计师选择信号和会计信息质量信号均得到了信用评级机构的正面评价。选择高水平审计师能够部分替代但不能完全替代高质量会计信息对信用评级的积极影响。

A closer bank-firm relationship is beneficial to corporate development since firms are able to mitigate their financing constraints through direct or indirect means, such as related-party loans or signalling. This results in more firms tending to invest in financial institutions. This paper matches 615 firms investing in nonlisted financial institutions over the period 2007 to 2011 with 615 firms of the closest asset size in the same industry and year but without such investment. We find that investing in financial institutions can be beneficial for firms. It can lower the financing constraints and demand for cash reserves, not only directly (due to the close relationship between holding firms and financial institutions), but also indirectly (due to the influence on financing constraints, which require a higher level of cash holdings). Higher financing constraints will stimulate firms to hold more cash, while investing in financial institutions can enable such firms to reduce their reserves. When we divide the shareholdings further into nonlisted banks and nonlisted, nonbanking institutions, we find that the former does not significantly affect financing constraints and cash holdings, but the latter effectively alleviates firms’ financing constraints and reduces the level of cash. Furthermore, we find that the influence of investing in financial institutions is more evident for NSOEs than SOEs in China.

This paper designed internal control evaluation indicators and the corresponding questionnaires based mainly on COSO-ERM framework and Standard for Enterprise Internal Control of China,determined the weights of indicators and evaluation model based on AHP and 406 questionnaires,constructed fuzzy evaluation mathematical model of internal control based on FCE,finally evaluated the internal control level for TH company by the indicators,models and methods. The research findings has made a transition from qualitative analysis to quantitative study and improved effectively the rationality,reliability and value of the evaluation result of internal control.

As the monitoring is reinforcing,the litigation risk and potential punishment for accounting firms are higher and higher.How to efficiently control risk is crucial for accounting firms.By using the data of Chinese listed firms from 2001 to 2006,this paper finds that accounting conservatism can reduce the auditing fee.However,the role of accounting conservatism is significantly influenced by the environment and risk,for firms issuing A shares and other kinds of shares,the relation among accounting conservatism and auditing fee and unclean auditing opinion is more evident.The risk control strategy of compulsory conservatism and other strategies as auditing fee are substitute.

This paper focuses on the role of audit quality on the condition of fair value measurement. Adopted samples of China listed companies from 2006 to 2008, by t-test and regression, the empirical results demonstrate that the cross-term of fair-value and audit-quality is positively correlated with closing price, and is negatively correlated with analysts’forecast error. This means that audit quality can improve value relevance and reduce the information asymmetry on the condition of fair value measurement. The conclusions help to reconsider the fair value development after financial crisis, and make investors and regulators pay more attention to audit quality.

<正>证券公司内部控制是董事会、管理层和全体员工为防范金融风险、保护资产安全,促进经营活动的效率性、效果性和合法性而提供合理保证的过程。建立健全内部控制是规范公司经营行为、有效防范金融风险的主要措施,也是衡量公司经营管理水平高低的重要标志。作为曾经辉煌的全国三大证券公司之一,华夏证券股份有限公司(简称华夏证券公司)以其16年的短暂生命,

<正> 企业现代内部控制是决策层、管理者和其他人员为合理保证战略、经营、报告和法律遵循等目标的实现,在经营管理活动中建立和实施的风险自我管理系统。它是企业有效规避风险、规范管理行为的重要手段,是完善法人治理结构、建立现代企业制度的重要内容,也是衡量企业现代化管理的重要标志。