牛膝引经药性理论同源于归经,为历代医家遣方用药的经验总结,对中药临床的合理用药具有重要的指导意义.近年来,诸多学者对牛膝引经药性理论深入探究,并取得了一些实质性的进展.文章以溯源、求新的方式梳理牛膝"引药下行"的理论基础、影响牛膝引经作用的因素及现代临床应用.通过对近年的国内外文献进行归纳,并加以解析,分析当前的研究成果与不足之处,并提出思考与研究展望,以期为牛膝的临床规范化用药及进一步研究提供新思路.

目的:研究大麻二酚(CBD)对肺纤维化大鼠的保护作用,并探讨其可能的机制,为CBD治疗肺纤维化提供理论依据.方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、泼尼松组、CBD 低、中、高剂量组(12、36、108 mg/kg,ig),每组10只,除正常对照组外,其余5组均使用气管注射博来霉素的方法构建肺纤维化大鼠模型,造模后开始每天1次灌胃给药,连续灌胃28 d,采集样本.检测肺水肿程度;HE、Masson染色法观察肺组织病理改变;ELISA法测定肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α),白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β),白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量及肺组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量,免疫组化法检测转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的浓度,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法检测TGF-β1,α-SMA,Nrf2和核转录因子-κB p65(NF-κB p65)的mRNA表达水平.结果:CBD给药组肺脏器系数和W/D值显著降低(P<0.05);中、高剂量的CBD能减少胶原纤维数量和成纤维细胞;CBD低、中、高剂量组肺纤维化大鼠血清中TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6和肺组织中MDA、HYP的含量均较模型组明显减少,SOD水平明显升高(P<0.05);大鼠肺组织中TGF-β、α-SMA的表达均较模型组减少(P<0.05);肺组织中TGF-β1、α-SMA、NF-κB p65 m RNA含量降低,Nrf2 mRNA的表达水平升高(P<0.05),尤以高剂量组疗效最为显著.结论:CBD可显著减轻大鼠肺纤维化程度,其潜在机制可能与抑制炎症反应,增强抗氧化能力和抑制TGF-β1和α-SMA的蛋白表达有关.

目的:本研究旨在通过观察不同配伍比例的黄芩-赤芍对肝纤维化模型大鼠肝脏组织中Toll样受体4(TLR4)/髓样分化因子88(MyD88)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)和磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路表达水平的影响,探讨其干预肝纤维化的作用机制.方法:将60只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分正常、模型、水飞蓟素、黄芩-赤芍(1∶1)、黄芩-赤芍(1∶2)、黄芩-赤芍(1∶4)6组,每组10只.除正常组外,其余各组大鼠腹腔注射40％四氯化碳橄榄油溶液3 mL·kg-1造模,首次5 mL·kg-1,每周2次,共计8周.后4周分别给予各组大鼠10 mL·kg-1相应药物灌胃,并连续8周称量各组大鼠体质量.给药结束后,观察肝组织病理学变化,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、透明质酸(HA)和层黏蛋白(LN)、白蛋白(ALB)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)、羟脯氨酸(HYP)水平,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测大鼠肝脏中TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB、PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA的表达水平.结果:与模型组比较,不同比例黄芩-赤芍均能回调各组大鼠体质量、改善肝脏病理损伤程度.酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组ALT、AST、HA、LN、AKP、MDA、HYP水平均有不同程度升高(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,各给药组可明显降低ALT、AST、HA、LN、AKP、MDA、HYP含量及明显升高肝SOD活性、ALB水平(P＜0.05).Real-time PCR结果显示,与正常组比较,模型组 TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB、PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA表达明显升高(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,各给药组均能降低大鼠肝脏中TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB、PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA表达(P＜0.05).结论:不同比例黄芩-赤芍均可改善四氯化碳引起的肝组织病理学损伤,以黄芩-赤芍(1:∶4)组疗效最佳.黄苓-赤芍可能通过抑制TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB和PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路的表达而抑制肝纤维化的发展,从而缓解化学药物引起的肝损伤.

目的 探究黄芩Scutellaria baicalensis提取物对热证模型大鼠肠道菌群多样性的影响,并探讨中医"热者寒之"思想的科学内涵.方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、黄芩提取物(3 g/kg)组.除对照组外,其余各组大鼠于每日上午ig左甲状腺素钠混悬液(0.12 g/kg),造模lh后,黄芩提取物组ig黄芩提取物(10mL/kg),对照组与模型组ig等体积的饮用水,连续15 d.采用高通量测序技术对大鼠盲肠内容物的肠道菌群多样性进行测序;取大鼠血清测定神经-内分泌-免疫系统中关键性指标,并构建差异菌属与神经-内分泌-免疫系统的互作体系.结果 黄芩提取物可显著回调热证模型大鼠神经-内分泌-免疫系统中关键性的12个指标,明显改善肠道内分类操作单元(operational taxonomic units,OTUs)数量和α、β多样性的失调,降低菌群生物丰度与多样性指数,对热证模型大鼠的6种差异菌门与25种差异菌属的相对丰度起到调节作用.柯林斯菌属Collinsella、苍白杆菌属Ochrobactrum、普雷沃菌属Prevotella与神经-内分泌-免疫系统具有强相关作用.结论 黄芩提取物可改善热证模型大鼠神经-内分泌-免疫系统和肠道菌群多样性的异常,柯林斯菌属、苍白杆菌属、普雷沃菌属可能是热证模型大鼠肠道的潜在标志菌属.

目的:对帕金森病(PD)转基因模型小鼠脑内多巴胺和大脑病理样本进行检测,探讨拜颤停复方对PD模型脑功能异常的治疗作用及神经保护作用机制.方法:运用爬杆和自主活动实验分析转基因模型小鼠行为学改变,UPLC-MS串联三重四级杆方法检测脑内多巴胺含量,TUNEL法检测大脑黑质区病理变化,运用方差分析进行组间比较.结果:与正常对照组比较,模型对照组爬杆时间显著增加(P＜0.05),自主活动次数显著减少(P＜0.05),多巴胺含量显著降低(P＜0.05),细胞呈典型的凋亡形态学改变,如细胞变小、变圆、核固缩,细胞凋亡率显著升高(P＜0.05);与模型对照组比较,拜颤停复方95.8 mg/kg组多巴胺含量明显升高(P＜0.05);拜颤停复方181.5 mg/kg组爬杆时间明显减少(P＜0.05),多巴胺含量明显升高(P＜0.05),细胞凋亡率明显下降(P＜0.05);拜颤停复方363 mg/kg组爬杆时间明显减少(P＜0.05),自主活动次数明显增加(P＜0.05),多巴胺含量明显升高(P＜0.05),细胞凋亡率明显下降(P＜0.05).结论:拜颤停复方通过改善转基因PD模型小鼠脑功能,如减少爬杆时间、增加自主活动次数和脑内多巴胺含量,同时改善脑细胞病理变化治疗PD.

中药引经药性理论是历代医药学家遣方用药的经验总结,与归经理论同源发展,对中药临床的合理应用起着十分重要的指导作用.近年来,诸多学者纷纷致力于引经药性理论的研究,并取得了一些实质性的进展.以溯源寻根,固本求新为理念,以引经的理论起源和现代研究为主线,对引经理论的产生、构建与应用,以及近5年的研究进展进行归纳和总结,并对其加以解析,以期为引经药的规范化使用提供有益帮助,同时为中药引经作用的进一步深入研究提供思路借鉴.

目的:探究黄芩对阿霉素诱导心源性水肿大鼠的影响,结合尿液代谢组学寻找相关潜在生物标志物及代谢通路.方法:将40只大鼠按照体质量均衡原则分为空白组,模型组,黄芩高、低剂量组,每组10只.模型组及黄芩高、低剂量组大鼠以2.0mg/kg的剂量腹腔注射阿霉素建立心源性水肿模型,同时黄芩高、低剂量组分别灌胃给予12、3g/kg黄芩水煎液,空白组与模型组给予等体积的蒸馏水,连续5周.记录各组大鼠一般生理状态的变化,考察心电功能、抗氧化能力、ATP酶活性及心肌组织病理学的改变,利用UPLC-TOF/MS技术对大鼠尿液样本进行代谢组学分析.结果:黄芩可显著改善心源性水肿大鼠心电功能、抗氧化及ATP酶活性的异常表达,抑制心肌组织的细胞凋亡;代谢组学共鉴定出6个差异代谢产物,可扰动6条代谢通路,主要参与色氨酸代谢、丙酸代谢和组氨酸代谢途径.结论:黄芩对心源性水肿模型大鼠的影响与调节心电功能、提高抗氧化能力、改善心肌组织病理及相关代谢产物的表达等具有密切关系.

目的 通过考察黄芩全成分及各拆分组分(苷元、苷类、多糖)对正常大鼠、寒证模型大鼠及热证模型大鼠体内物质、能量代谢相关酶表达的影响,以阐述其药性的物质基础.方法 采用黄芩全成分及其各拆分组分分别干预正常大鼠、冰水浴导致的寒证模型大鼠及优甲乐诱导的热证模型大鼠,15 d后取肝脏,检测与物质、能量代谢相关的15种酶的表达,然后对其进行横纵向比较分析.结果 对正常大鼠的影响(P<0.05):黄芩全成分有11项,苷元1项,苷类3项,多糖1项.全成分对物质、能量代谢相关酶的抑制效果显著;对寒证大鼠的影响(P<0.05):全成分5项,苷元0项,苷类6项,多糖1项.全成分抑制物质代谢及能量代谢,但是不及正常大鼠明显,苷类成分对物质代谢影响很明显;对热证大鼠的影响(P<0.05):全成分12项,苷元7项,苷类12项,可见黄芩全成分及苷元、苷类组分对热证大鼠物质、能量代谢均有明显的抑制作用.多糖组分对各项指标几乎无影响.结论 黄芩全成分抑制物质、能量代谢,苷元、苷类具有与全成分相似的作用趋势,并且对热证模型大鼠表现更为明显,推测苷元、苷类为黄芩寒性的物质基础.

目的:探讨黄芩对生理状态下大鼠肠道菌群多样性的变化,分析并判定黄芩药性的归属.方法:利用16SrRNA高通量基因测序技术对黄芩给药(10 g·kg-1)干预后的大鼠盲肠内溶物进行检测,将肠道菌群分类单元(OTUs)数量,丰富度与多样性指数及差异菌门与菌属进行综合性分析,并利用网络可视化手段找寻差异菌门与菌属之间的关联性.结果:基于Illumina Miseq平台,与空白组相比,黄芩给药组大鼠肠道菌群的OTUs数量减少,丰富度与多样性指数降低;拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和螺旋体菌门(Spirochaetes)显著性上调(P＜0.01),厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),放线菌门(Actinobacteria),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)及软壁菌门(Tenericutes)显著性下调(P＜0.01),24个差异菌属中有17个显著性下调(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),7种显著性上调(P＜0.01).联合网络可视化分析确定影响程度最大的菌门为拟杆菌门与厚壁菌门,其中厚壁菌门与其余菌门多呈现出负相关的关系,与螺旋体菌门存在最强负相关性;拟杆菌门与变形菌门、厚壁菌门呈正相关的关系,与放线菌门呈现负相关的关系,与其余菌门无相关性相关性;差异菌属多富集于瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus),帕拉普氏菌属(P araprevotella),普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)及颤螺旋菌属(Oscillospira).结论:黄芩可降低肠道菌群多样性,抑制机体的菌群代谢功能,因此从菌群多样性角度推断黄芩的药性为寒凉.

目的:利用iTRAQ标记结合2D-LC-MS/MS技术分析寒性中药黄芩对热证大鼠物质、能量代谢及相关蛋白表达的影响,寻找差异蛋白并分析其代谢途径,为阐明寒性中药药性的科学内涵提供依据.方法:选择30只SD雄性大鼠,随机分为3组,其中空白组给予等剂量生理盐水,热证组大鼠每天上午灌以120mg/kg优甲乐混悬溶液,给药组每天上午灌以120mg/kg优甲乐混悬溶液,下午灌胃给予黄芩水煎液(3g生药/kg),连续造模及灌胃给药15天.取肝脏组织,经处理后采用软件Mascot2.2和ProteomeDiscovererl.4(thermo)等软件进行查库鉴定及定量分析.结果:热证模型与空白组相比,共鉴定与物质能量代谢相关的差异蛋白29个,分别参与了机体的脂类代谢、糖代谢和氨基酸代谢等代谢途径,给予黄芩水煎液后,可以对其中12个差异蛋白有回调作用.结论:优甲乐诱导的热证模型能够提高机体的物质能量代谢水平,黄芩水煎液可以部分抑制机体的物质及能量代谢,在蛋白组学层面和物质能量代谢角度初步揭示了中医热证的实质和寒性中药对机体作用的内在机制.

Objective: To observe the diuretic effect of Radix astragali with different doses in water - loaded rats, and to explore the mechanism from the asepct of aquaporins. Methods: 60 SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group, the model group, the high - dose group, the medium - dose group, and the low - dose group. The rats were given corresponding interventions(10 ml/kg) at 9 -10 am for 3 consecutive days. Daily water intake, daytime 8 h urine volume, and night 10 h urine volume were recorded. On 4th day, urine volumes of 2 h and 6 h were collected after the administration of 5 ml normal saline. At the end of the water -load test, AQP3 and AQP4 of windpipe, AQP9 of liver, AQP2 of kidney, AQP4 of small intestine, AQP2 of large intestine, AQP3 of pancreas, AQP1 of heart, AQP3 and AQP4 of lungs, and AQP5 of salivary gland were detected with ELISA method. Results: Daytime 8h urine volume and night 10 h urine volume were significantly increased by the medium - dose of Radix astragali on the third day(P ＜0.05). Total urine volume of6 h was greatly increased by the high - dose of Radix astragali (P ＜0.05), total urine volume of 2 h and 6 h were significantly increased by the medium - dose of Radix astragali (P ＜ 0.05 ). AQP3 and AQP4 of windpipe, AQP5 of salivary gland, and AQP3 of pancreas were obviously down - regulated in the high - dose group(P ＜0.05); AQP3 of lungs and windpipe were decreased in the medium - dose group(P ＜0.05); AQP3 of lungs and pancreas were reduced significantly in the low - dose group(P ＜0.05 ). Conclusion: Radix astragali has obvious diuretic effect on normal and the water - loaded rats; and the diuretic effect is significant and lasting in the water - loaded rats. With different doses, Radix astragali can down - regulate aquaporins of windpipe, pancreas, lungs and salivary gland, and regulate the secretion of the body fluid in the water - loaded rats to play the role of promoting urination.

目的:利用iTRAQ标记结合2D-LC-MS/MS技术分析寒性中药——黄芩对大鼠物质、能量代谢及相关蛋白表达的影响,寻找差异蛋白并分析其代谢途径,为阐明寒性中药药性的科学内涵提供依据.方法:选择20只SD雄性大鼠,随机分为空白组与给药组,其中空白组给予等剂量生理盐水,给药组每天上午灌胃给予黄芩水煎液(3 g生药/kg),连续造模及灌胃给药15天.取肝脏组织,经处理后采用Mascot2.2和Proteome Discoverer1.4(thermo)等软件进行定量分析及查库鉴定.结果:给药组与空白组相比,共鉴定与物质、能量代谢相关的差异蛋白22个,分别参与了机体的糖代谢、脂类代谢和氨基酸代谢等代谢途径.结论:黄芩水煎液可以部分抑制机体的物质及能量代谢,在蛋白组学层面和能量代谢角度初步揭示了寒性中药对机体作用的内在机制.

Objective: Metabolomics were utilized to investigate the effect of baical skullcap root (BSR) and its split components on the energy metabolism of cold and heat syndrome model rats and to explore the potential targets and metabolic pathways. The significant foundation of SBS's rational administration and clinical application was obtained via comprehensively analyzing and exploring the mechanism of action as well as assigning drug property categorization of each component. Methods: Based on the metabolomics, pharmacodynamics profile of BSR and its split components were studied involved with drug property attribution and energy metabolism. BSR's compounds were identified by Unify software, HPLC, UPLC-TOF-MS and MarkerlynxTM software. The UPLC-TOF-MS technique was used to study the urine of the cold and heat syndrome model rats treated with SBS. Results: The result of metabonomics showed that, the urine profile of cold syndrome model rats changed significantly following intervention of BSR. Ten biomarkers associated with energy metabolism including 2-Aminomuconic acid were identified. The total composition of BSR could slow the process of genetic transcription and promote the tryptophan metabolism process. Polysaccharide of BSR could decrease the levels of energy metabolism, glutathione metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle. The action of aglycone was not obvious. The glycosides had inhibitory effect on the energy metabolism. 10 biomarkers associated with energy metabolism including tryptamine were identified. The total composition of BSR could slow down the process of genetic metabolism and cell metabolism. Polysaccharide could decrease glucose metabolism. Aglycone could inhibit nucleic acid metabolism, glucose metabolism and inhibit energy metabolism. Glycosides could significantly inhibit the nucleic acid metabolism. Conclusion: BSR has different effects and interfere targets on the energy metabolism of the cold and heat syndrome model rats. It is proved that the total BSR, glycosides, aglycone and polysaccharide are cold.

[Objective] To illuminate the cold and warm property of fraction of Scutellaria baicalensis by detecting related enzyme expression in substance metabolism, energy metabolism, endocrine system and autonomic nervous system in normal rats.[Methods] Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group, total composition group,aglycone group, glycosides group, polysaccharide group; All groups were gavaged for 15 days, taking the liver,heart,muscle and detecting the relevant index. [Results]Compared with the blank group,the total composition group of Scutellaria baicalensis can inhibit substance metabolism,energy metabolism,endocrine system and autonomic nervous system, aglycones and glycosides have the the similar trend with the cold medicine polysaccharide group has no obvious tendency.[Conclusion] Overall, the total composition group of Scutellaria baicalensis has cold property and confirm the cold property once again;at the same time we can infer that aglycones and glycosides have cold property and they are the main material basis of Scutellaria baicalensis cold property;polysaccharide has a little cold property and we need to do deep research.

Objective:To explore the cold and warm property of Scutellaria baicalensis split componet by detecting related enzyme expression in substance metabolism,energy metabolism,endocrine system and autonomic nervous system in heat syndrome model rats.Methods:The 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,model group,total composition group,aglycone group,glycosides group,polysaccharide group.All groups ig for 15 days.Taking the liver,heart,muscle and detecting the related enzyme,glucokinase (GCK),phosphofructokinase (PFK),pyruvate kinase (PK),acetyl coenzyme A (AC-COA),pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH),citrate synthase (CS),isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD),glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3),glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and energy metabolism related enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK),ATP synthetase (ATPs),cytochrome C reductase (CCR)and cytochrome C oxidase (COX),Na-K-ATP enzyme (muscle),Na-K-ATP enzyme (liver)expression.Detection of three triiodothyronine related endocrine system (T3),four triiodothyronine (T4) and serotonin 5-autonomic nervous system related (5-HT) and acetylcholine (AchE),norepinephrine (NE) expression.Results:The model group,GCK,PFK,PK,PDH,CS,ICD,GSK-3,ATPs,CCR,COX,ADK,NA-K-ATP (liver),NA-K-ATP (muscle),T3,T4,AchE,NE were significantly increased (P＜0.05);AC-COA,PYGL,ATGL,5-HT were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).The total composition group GCK,PFK,PK,PDH,CS,GSK-3,COX,ADK,T3,T4,AchE,NE were significantly decreased (P＜0.05);AC-COA,5-HT were significantly increased (P＜0.05).The aglycone group,GCK,PFK,PK,PDH,CS,GSK-3,ADK,NA-K-ATP (muscle),T3,AchE,NE were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),5-HT was significantly increased (P＜0.05).The glycosides group,GCK,PFK,PDH,CS,ICD,GSK-3,ADK,ATPs,CCR,COX,NA-K-ATP (liver),NA-K-ATP (muscle),T4,AchE was significantly decreased (P＜0.05);5-HT were significantly increased (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Total composition of Scutellaria baicalensis can inhibit substance metabolism,energy metabolism,endocrine system and autonomic nervous system,and confirm the cold property once again,which is consistent with with the new hypothesis proposed by the chief scientist of the subject.In conculsion,aglycones and glycosides have the the similar trend with the cold medicine,consistent with previous experimental results about the fraction of Scutellaria baicalensis in normal rats.We can infer that aglycones and glycosides the main material basis of Scutellaria baicalensis cold property.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for deepening the scientific connotation of"tocolysis"efficacy of Scutellaria baica-lensis. METHODS:The ancient and modern"tocolysis"efficacy of S. baicalensis were compared in respects of historical evolu-tion,ancient TCM theory and modern pharmacology;the reasons for the ancient and modern difference were inferred and analyzed. RESULTS:The"tocolysis"efficacy of S. baicalensis was recorded in many ancient herbal works.The"tocolysis"efficacy of S. ba-icalensis was associated with bitter taste and cold nature,but differentiation of symptoms and signs should be based on the basic theory of TCM.At the same time,The"tocolysis"efficacy of S. baicalensis was also accoiated with the effects of clearing heat and anti-inflammatory,inhibiting viral replication,enhancing immunity and inhibiting uterine contraction. The difference of ancient and modern"tocolysis"efficacy of S. baicalensis had a great relationship with changes in genuineness,the difference in understanding of the concept of ancient and modern"tocolysis"and changes in clinical application. CONCLUSIONS:It provides reference for further study and clinical application of S.baicalensis to understand the difference of ancient and modern"tocolysis"efficacy.

Objective Research progress of modern extraction technology for effective constituents of Chinese medicine. Methods Through CNKI database,Wanfang database retrieves effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine extraction technology research progress of related literature,from choice literature in last five years were ana-lyzed and summarized. Results The modern extraction method of effective components of Chinese herbal medicine mainly has thirteen kinds of methods,such as supercritical fluid extraction,semi bionic extraction,enzymatic extraction and so on. Conclusion The extraction technology and characteristics of active components in Chinese medicine were summarized,for improvement of the extraction method of active components of Chinese medicine and analysis of chem-ical composition and the development of new drugs to provide the reference.

To screen the effective components that have anti -inflammatory and antipyretic effect of scutellariabaicalensis,the heat generation model of rats was made by the method of phenol and dry yeast.The inflammation model of mice was induced by xylene induced ear e -dema.The effects of baicalin and its components on rat fever model andmice model of inflam -matory, antipyretic and anti -inflammatory action were observed.Results showed that scute-llariabaicalensis and its effective components haddifferent degrees of antipyretic and anti -in-flammatory effects, andprevented and eliminated the role of inflammation in body tempera -ture.Especially in the high dose group, scutellariabaicalin and baicalinmetaclasswas the most obvious.Scutellaria polysaccharides had no significant effect .Scutellariabaicalensis and its effective componentshad significant effect (P <0.05) compared with the control group. Scutellariabaicalensis has good antipyretic and anti -inflammatory action, but the size of the strength of effect and group differences and dose related and increased with the dose , the an-tipyretic and anti -inflammatory effects of scutellariabaicalensisare more obvious .

Objective To study the feasibility of rat models of renal edema based on disease combined with traditional Chinese medicine syndrome yin-deficiency and yang-deficiency types .Methods Gastric gavage of thyroxine and tail vein injection of Adriamycin were performed to induce a rat model of kidney Yin deficiency edema , and intramuscular injection of hydrocortisone and tail vein injection of Adriamycin were used to establish a rat model of kidney Yang deficiency edema .The 24 h urine protein content , triiodothyronine ( T3 ) , thyroxine ( T4 ) , cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP ) , cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) , estradiol ( E2 ) and testosterone ( T ) and other indicators were assayed to determine whether the rat models were successfully established .Result The rats of Yin deficiency edema group had clinical presentation such as hyperactivity , hair loss, dry stool, weight loss and temperature rise.Compared with the blank group , T3, T4, cAMP, E2, and 24 h urinary protein levels were significantly increased , cGMP and T content decreased , and cAMP/cGMP ratio was significantly increased , showing significant differences ( P<0.05 for all).The Yang deficiency edema animals displayed reduced activity , diarrhea, decreased body weight and body temperature, and other signs of disease.Compared with the blank group, T3, T4, cAMP, and E2 contents were&nbsp;significantly decreased , cGMP, T, and 24 h urinary protein levels were significantly increased , and cAMP/cGMP ratio decreased , showing significant differences ( P <0.05 for all ) .Conclusions The rat model of renal edema disease combined with TCM syndrome yin-deficiency was successfully induced by thyroxine in combination with Adriamycin , and the rat model of renal edema based on disease combined with TCM syndrome yang-deficiency is successfully established by administration of hydrocortisone plus Adriamycin .These two rat models demonstrate similar clinical manifestations of human renal edema based on disease combined with TCM syndrome yin-deficiency and yang-deficiency, respectively, therefore, may serve as useful tools for further research on this disease .

Iri doid glycosides are important components of Xuanshen ( crophularia ningpoensis Hemsl ) .Errant structure type in such ingredients corresponds to different pharmacological effects .Previous studies have only overall analyzed and classified iridoid glycosides ’ biologi-cal activities .In this paper , the biological activities , pharmacological effects and pharmaco-logical mechanism of iridoids glycosides in different structural type were summarized .The purpose was to reasonably use Xuanshen and provided a theoretical basis in clinical applica -tion of iridoid glycosides .