This paper presents a comparative study of two of the most widely used game engines in modern game development: Unity and Unreal Engine. The research focuses on their evolution, software architecture, scripting systems, asset management solutions, and overall development workflow. Unity uses a component based GameObject architecture together with C# scripting, offering a flexible environment well suited for rapid prototyping, indie projects, and cross platform deployment, especially on mobile devices. Unreal Engine, on the other hand, relies on C++ and the Blueprint visual scripting system, providing a more structured framework optimized for high performance applications and advanced real time graphics. The paper also compares gameplay architecture, data driven design approaches, and performance related aspects of both engines. In addition, a practical case study involving the implementation of a third person character controller is presented in order to highlight differences in workflow, code structure, and built in engine functionality. The aim of this study is to provide developers with a clearer understanding of the strengths and limitations of each engine and to support the selection of the most appropriate solution depending on project requirements, team experience, and target platforms.

This paper presents a hybrid control architecture for dual-axis photovoltaic (PV) tracking systems based on the integration of a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and a Battery Management System (BMS). The proposed approach addresses the limitations of conventional Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) methods under variable environmental conditions.The main contribution consists in a multi-parameter control strategy that combines differential illumination, global solar radiation, and battery state of charge to enable adaptive and energy-aware actuation. An adaptive deadband mechanism is introduced to reduce unnecessary movements and mitigate the hunting effect. The system also includes hardware enhancements for improved reliability and fault tolerance.Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces actuator activity by approximately 73% under partially cloudy conditions and improves net energy yield by 15–20% compared to classical approaches. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of combining intelligent control with energy management for efficient and sustainable PV tracking.

This paper presents a comparative study of two popular JavaScript-based technology stacks, the MERN Stack and MEAN Stack, used in web application development. The comparative study highlights the significant similarities and differences between the two stacks, considering factors such as performance, scalability, security, community support, learning curve, and suitability. Additionally, this paper presents the MERN and MEAN stack architectures, providing information on the functionality and integration of each component.

This article presents the development of an automated photovoltaic tracking system using Arduino to optimize solar energy capture. The system adjusts panel orientation based on light intensity, using LDR sensors, SG90 servomotors, and PID algorithms for precise and dynamic positioning. The design features a reliable hardware and software setup with a sensor shield and simplified wiring. It features a redundant control system with manual intervention, ensuring continuous operation in the event of faults. The system quickly adapts to atmospheric changes, thereby maximizing efficiency. Future expansion through fuzzy logic-based artificial intelligence is proposed to enhance performance under complex weather conditions, increasing long-term durability and energy output.

This paper aims to develop advanced numerical methods for an in-depth examination of edge hardening process, using eddy current heating. We present a distinct procedure for heat treatment, in our attempt to achieve a particular thermal profile, defined by a higher level of heating in the tip area of the workpiece, compared to the remainder of the piece surface. In order to ensure the necessary mechanical strength, this targeted method applies selective hardening to the tip area, while maintaining the elasticity of rest of the part, so as to ensure the required mechanical strength. The fundamental objective of the work is to present advanced models for optimizing the inductor input parameters in order to achieve a differentiated and efficient heating of the workpiece tip. The precise control of the hardening process and the enhanced mechanical performance of the workpiece are two major implications of this approach.

In this paper, we aim to determine the parameters of a photovoltaic installation that will ensure the electricity needs of a home equipped with smart equipment. We proposed to study the most efficient installation according to different types of panels and tilt angles. The main objective is to determine the optimal photovoltaic installation regardless of the seasonal variation, and as a secondary objective, the surplus energy should be charged to the network.

The aim of this paper is to model the semifinished gear wheel tip using a coil and the resources provided by the FLUX 2D program. In this case, the inductor was assumed to be supplied with a voltage at its terminals, using a coil for modeling. The problem is axisymmetric. Important information about the process of surface heating by induction was obtained through the cooperative analysis of numerical simulations with Flux 2D and experimental data in edge hardening. These data were applied to a semi-finished gear wheel, with the treatment focusing on the tip of the ferromagnetic steel gear wheel. The information was helpful in the design of such equipment. The scientific novelty of this paper lies in the innovative approach of modeling the semi-finished gear wheel tip using a coil and the FLUX 2D program. The study assumed an axisymmetric problem and provided valuable insights into the process of surface heating by induction through the cooperative analysis of numerical simulations with Flux 2D and experimental data in edge hardening. This approach was applied specifically to the tip of a ferromagnetic steel gear wheel, offering practical information that can be instrumental in designing similar equipment. The integration of simulation and experimental data enhances the accuracy and efficiency of the gear wheel hardening process, demonstrating a significant advancement in the field of induction heating and material treatment.

Following this case study, we want to fully cover the consumption of electricity required by heat pumps for heating homes with the help of photovoltaic panels connected to the network, and by the possibility of changing the angle of their inclination during the cold period, to be able to reach a production as closer to the pump consumption. The main objective of the study is to determine a balance between consumption and production during the cold season and around it, and as a secondary effect it would be to eliminate as much as possible the electricity obtained with the help of fossil fuels or other much more polluting sources, replacing this energy through the one obtained by the photovoltaic panels.

This paper presents some aspects of the numerical modeling performed in order to study the process of induction heating applied to a workpiece, using Flux 2D and FEMM (Finite Element Method Magnetics), two software tools specifically designed for electromagnetic simulations. The paper presents a significant technical finding regarding the optimal shape of the surface hardening head. Various shapes of the inductor were analyzed, focusing on solving the eddy current problem using the commercial program FEMM. The induction heating process was numerically simulated using the FLUX 2D program for a semi-finished punch made of OLC 45 steel, specifically for hot surface heat treatment. The simulations were conducted utilizing the program's simulation capabilities.

The paper contains numerical results obtained from the simulation of the drying of oak wood chips in the microwave field. It has the character of an applied research, the results obtained being of practical utility, with the main purpose of establishing the processing parameters, power, time, and temperature.

The paper presents a comparative study on the method of drying wood chips with different humidities and sizes in a microwave field. The results obtained from the numerical simulations were validated by the experimental determinations.

The aim of this work is to develop numerical procedures for analyzing edge hardening using induction heating by turbulent currents. The section through the steel bar, whose lower edge needs to be hardened, is presented. For the inductor adapted to the piece configuration, the 2D model is assumed. The surface treatment of the piece must be differentiated: in the tip area, the heating must be greater than in the rest of the surface. Only the tip area needs to be subjected to hardening, while the rest of the piece must remain elastic to ensure the desired mechanical strength. The main purpose of this work is to propose inductor models for achieving differentiated heating of the blade.

In this article, we compare LabVIEW, Matlab, and Python in the scope of data acquisition. We built a simple sine wave generator and used the USB-6361 multifunctional I/O device from NI to measure. We will measure the differences in execution times between LabVIEW, MATLAB, and the Python applications to observe their differences.

This paper presents the numerical modeling of the induction heating process, for the case of surface heating, with the view of tempering a steel bar, using the Flux2D software. The tempering of semi-finished products is aimed at changing the structure of the superficial layer, resulting in the hardening of surfaces subjected to wear.

In this paper a series of laboratory tests were made using the high-frequency electromagnetic field to decontaminate, dry and sterilize of demolition materials as well as to determine physical properties and performance of demolition materials to see their potential use. This article examines the use of materials resulting from the demolition of concrete waste byproducts as a new source of building materials used in road construction. The amount of construction waste grows each year, while natural rocks are becoming more and more expensive. Recycled concrete from various sources, such as construction and demolition waste, is a good option that can be used as a foundation for road construction. The experimental results demonstrate that the materials in the selected concrete waste are suitable for use as base layers and flexible pavement substrates in road construction.

A statistical and a numerical modeling software are used in the present paper with the aim of finding the optimal solution. Using the Response Surface Method (RSM), Box Behnken experiment and Flux 2D software the most appropriate values of the input data are being followed in order to achieve the best responses within the heating process.

This paper presents the results of the numerical modeling of the induction heating process using two commercial software. It also analyses the results of simulations performed with the help of the two commercial software, i.e. Flux2D and FEMM 4.2, for the tempering process of a semifinished product.

The purpose of these experiments was to find optimum conditions based on the influence of microwave / hot air heating on barley seeds with high humidity. Parameters variation, temperature, humidity, power in the drying process were analyzed. The effects of microwaves on the drying characteristics were studied in two cases: the first case uses a constant microwave power and hot air jet at 55°C±10%, without taking into account the maximum allowable temperature in the seedbed, and in the second situation, variable power is used to ensure that the temperature does not exceed 65°C. The experiments were carried out on barley seeds, the Thuringia variety. To see and study the influence microwaves have on microwave field treated seeds, in the two above-mentioned cases, barley grains were germinated and the daily progression of the germination process was followed.

In this study, a neural network model was developed and tested to predict the characteristics of a possible industrial wood processing based on electromagnetic technologies. The application presented in this paper is a drying process for a half-finished oak blanks exposed in a radiofrequency electromagnetic field. To develop the model of this process, MATLAB's Neural network toolbox was used. The drying process was simulated with the help of FEM-BEM.3D-RFmove _term_masa software and the simulation results were used then for the training of the proposed neural network. The trained neural network is effective to provide the process characteristics with good accuracy.

This paper presents some aspects of modeling and simulating of the inductive heating process for the thermal treatment (tempering) applied to workpiece. The simulation was performed in order to study the process of induction heating a workpiece, using two specialized software. Both commercial software, Flux2D and FEMM are based on the finite element method.