Objective To detect class 1~3 integrons in Acinetobacter baumanii and analyze influence of integrons on multidrug resistance. Methods The drug resistance of 68 strains of Acinetobacter baumanii isolated from clinical to 24 antibacterials was determined by the agar two-fold dilution method. Strains with integrons were preliminarily screened by polymerase chain reaction and then classified by RAPD(random amplified polymorphic DNA).Results It was found that incidence of class 1 integron(intI) were 27.9% and no class 2,3 integron detected among 68 strains of Acinetobacter baumanii. The intI-positive strains show high resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines, with the incidence rate of drug resistance from 86.7% to 100%, and 100% to the third generation of cephalosporins and 82.5% to β-lactamases inhibitor combinations.The difference of the rate of drug resistance to aminoglycosides and sulfamide between intI-positive strains and intI-negative strains were statistically significant.Conclusion Class 1 integron was extensively found in Acinetobacter baumaniis, and integrons play a important role in multidrug resistance.

铜绿假单胞菌通过形成生物被膜(biofilm,BBF)能够持续地将浮游的细菌保护起来便于细菌繁殖,是慢性或持续性感染的原因之一.密度感知系统(quorum-sensing systems,QSS)通过细胞-细胞间的信号传递在生物被膜形成中起到重要的作用.本文将就QSS系统在铜绿假单胞菌的BBF形成中的分子机制进行综述。

AIM:To estimate the safety and tolerance of recombinated human glucagon-like peptide-1(rhGLP-1) (7-36) after subcutaneous injection of single dose of the drug in Chinese healthy volunteers. METHODS: The protocol was designed according to GCP and approved by ethics committee. All volunteers signed the informed consent. The volunteers were 18-45 years old and divided into 7 dosage groups. The clinical and laboratory tests were observed in order to evaluate the safety and tolerance of rhGLP-1 (7-36). RESULTS: All laboratory and clinical indexes of the subjects were within the normal range and qualifications were equilibrate before administration of the drug, so they were comparable. After administration of rhGLP-1 (7-36), the incidence of adverse events (nausea, vomiting) exceeded 50% in 0.30 mg group, so only 24 cases in 4 groups (0.10-0.30 mg) joined the phasa I clinical trial. After administration of the drug, the significant changes in laboratory tests were not seen, but adverse reactions such as dizziness, nausea and emesia in 10 cases (15 times) were found which might be related to the drug. They could be tolerable, were temporary response, and disappeared one hour after the administration. The ADR occurred mainly in the 0.25 mg and 0.30 mg groups (7 of 12 subjects), while the ADR in the low-dose groups (0.10, 0.20 mg) were only found for 3 cases. There were 10 cases with dizziness and nausea and 5 emesia among 15 ADR. There were no serious adverse events during the clinical trial. CONCLUSION: rhGLP-1(7-36) is safe and tolerable in Chinese healthy volunteers when the single dose under 0.20 mg is subcutaneously injected, and the most tolerable dose is 0.20 mg. When the dose is up to 0.25 mg or 0.30 mg, the incidence of ADR is higher. The mechanisms for ADR of the nausea and vomiting will be studied in future.

目的比较哌拉西林/舒巴坦与其他4种β-内酰胺类抗菌药物对临床分离菌的体外抗菌活性。方法采用琼脂平板二倍稀释法测定对151株临床分离菌株的最低抑菌浓度。结果哌拉西林/舒巴坦对革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌均有较好的抗菌活性。铜绿假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、肠球菌属对哌拉西林/舒巴坦的敏感性最高,敏感率均为100%,大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、葡萄球菌属对哌拉西林/舒巴坦的敏感性较高,敏感率为80.00%~93.74%。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、葡萄球菌属、铜绿假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属对两种哌拉西林酶抑制剂复方制剂均比较敏感。结论哌拉西林/舒巴坦与哌拉西林比较,有较强的抗药活性。

OBJECTIVE To study the in virto interaction of allicin combined with cefoperazone against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.METHODS The protocol was designed by checkerboard method and the MICs of allicin combined with cefoperazone against the 17 strains of sensitive and 14 strains of drug-resistant P.aeruginosa were determined by broth dilution method,the FIC index was calculated according to MIC results.The combined effects were confirmed by FIC index.RESULTS The percentage of the FIC index less than 0.5,from 0.5 to 1,from 1 to 2,and more than 2 was 41.2-64.3% 35.7-41.2% 0-17.6%,and 0%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Synergism and additivity of allicin combined with cefoperazone against P.aeruginosa are their main action,there are little autonomy and no antagonism.Allicin can significantly improve the antibacterial activity of cefoperazone against drug-resistant P.aeruginosa.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the resistance phenotype of acinetobacter baumannii and the expression of ade efflux pump gene. METHODS: Non-repetitive 51 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were collected in Peking Union Medical Hospital between Feb. 2004 and Feb. 2005. The active efflux system adeB structural gene and sequence were identified by PCR. RESULTS: The tested strains were not susceptible to common broad-spectrum antibiotics. Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii carried adeB active efflux pump gene. CONCLUSION: The multiple-drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii is independent of β-lactamase. It maybe related to other drug resistance mechanism. The effect of active efflux system is possibly one of the major mechanisms of multidrug resistance of acinetobacter baumannii.

非结核分枝杆菌亦称非典型分枝杆菌,指结核杆菌以外(不包括麻风杆菌)的分枝杆菌,由该菌感染所致疾病叫非结核分枝杆菌病.近年来,随着引起免疫功能低下的疾病不断增多及艾滋病的流行,结核病和非结核分枝杆菌引起的感染性疾病发病率有所上升,严重威胁着人类的健康和生命安全。

AIM: To study the in vitro interaction of Allicin combined with Cefazolin or Oxacillin against clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis. METHODS: The protocol was designed by checkerboard method and the MICs of Allicin combined with Cefazolin or Oxacillin against the 40 strains of staphylococci spp. were determined by broth dilution method, the FIC index was calculated according to MIC results. The combined effects were confirmed by FIC index. RESULTS: The percentage of the FIC index less than 0.5 , from 0.5 to 1, from 1 to 2, more than 2 was 55%-75%, 20%-40%, 0%- 5.88 %, 0% respectively. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that synergism and additivity of Allicin combined with Cefazolin or Oxacillin against 40 strains of staphylococci were main reaction, and there were little autonomy and no antagonism.