Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease sustained by aberrant angiogenesis and progressive fibrosis. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of human dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSCs) in a surgically induced rat endometriosis model. Twenty-eight adult female Wistar rats were randomized (n = 7/group) to sham group (G1), untreated endometriosis-group (G2), single-dose DP-MSCs-group (G3) (2 × 106 cells intraperitoneally on day 28) and double-dose DP-MSCs-group (G4) (2 × 106 cells on days 28 and 35). Endometriosis was induced by autologous uterine tissue implantation onto the peritoneal wall and allowed to establish for 28 days; treatment effects were assessed 7 days after the final DP-MSCs dose. Serum and peritoneal TNF-α, IL-6, VEGF, and CA-125 were quantified; lesions were evaluated by semi-quantitative histopathology and fibrosis grading and by immunohistochemistry for CA-125, VEGF, type I collagen (Col1), and TNF-α. Untreated endometriosis showed increased systemic TNF-α (p = 0.0207) and IL-6 (p = 0.0003) and marked peritoneal elevations versus sham (all p < 0.0001). DP-MSCs treatment significantly reduced peritoneal TNF-α and IL-6 in both regimens (each p < 0.0001 vs untreated) and decreased peritoneal VEGF, with greater suppression after double dosing (p = 0.0100 between regimens). Double dosing produced stronger systemic TNF-α suppression (p = 0.0027 vs untreated). Histopathology and fibrosis improved, most prominently with double dosing (both p < 0.0001), accompanied by reduced CA-125, VEGF, Col1 and TNF-α immunoreactivity (CA-125 and TNF-α, p < 0.0001). DP-MSCs effectively resolve the hallmark pathological features of endometriosis in a dose-dependent manner. By synergistically targeting inflammatory, angiogenic, and fibrotic pathways, this cell-based strategy offers a potent, disease-modifying approach for clinical management.

Objetivo: Evaluar los fectos del licopeno en la prevención de la formación de adherencias intraabdominales en un modelo con ratas. Métodos: Veintiocho ratas se dividieron en cuatro grupos de siete cada uno: grupo 1, solo adhesión; grupo 2, adhesión más aceite de maíz; grupo 3, adhesión más 5 mg/kg de licopeno; y grupo 4, adhesión más 20 mg/kg de licopeno. Se midieron la puntuación de adherencia, la histopatología, la puntuación H del factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGF), el malondialdehído, la capacidad antioxidante total y los valores de VEGF. Resultados: Hubo puntuaciones de extensión, gravedad, grado y adhesión total significativamente más altas en los grupos control y con aceite de maíz que en el grupo con bajo y alto licopeno. Las puntuaciones VEGF H fueron significativamente más bajas en los grupos que recibieron licopeno, independientemente de la dosis. Cuando se compararon los grupos con niveles bajos y altos de licopeno en términos de puntuación H anti- VEGF, no se observaron diferencias significativas. Los niveles de malondialdehído fueron más bajos en los grupos de control y alto en licopeno, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: Los parámetros bioquímicos, el examen histopatológico y la puntuación de adherencias revelaron que el licopeno redujo significativamente la formación de adherencias.

BACKGROUND:Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, and recent evidence suggests a potential role for gluten in its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a gluten-free diet (GFD) on disease-related disability, anthropometric parameters, and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS). METHODS:Fifty-four female RRMS patients were followed for six months. The GFD group (n = 27) adhered to a structured gluten-free diet, while the gluten-containing diet (GD) group (n = 27) received general healthy eating advice. Anthropometric measurements, 24-hour dietary recalls, and blood samples were collected at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. RESULTS:After six months, energy and carbohydrate intakes significantly decreased in the GFD group (p < 0.05), accompanied by a marked reduction in serum LPS levels (ΔLPS = -377.93 ± 975.41 vs. 207.00 ± 288.81 pg/mL; p < 0.001). The GFD group also showed significant improvement in EDSS scores (ΔEDSS = -0.24 ± 0.61 vs. 0.00 ± 0.39; p = 0.042). Body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, and body fat mass decreased significantly compared with the GD group (all p < 0.05). Regression analysis identified "group" as a significant predictor of ΔLPS, ΔEDSS, and Δwaist circumference (p < 0.05), independent of age, disease duration, and HEI changes. CONCLUSIONS:A six-month gluten-free diet improved disability, reduced systemic endotoxemia, and favorably altered body composition in RRMS patients, supporting its potential as a complementary nutritional therapy in multiple sclerosis management.

The effects of mitochondria-targeted treatments have great promise in prevention of Parkinson Disease (PD). This study aimed to explore the possible protective effects of Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted chemical against neurotoxic damage induced by rotenone in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to varying concentrations of rotenone (10 nM, 50 nM, 125 nM, 250 nM, 500 nM, 1000 nM) for 24 and 48 h. Mito-TEMPO (10, 100, and 1000 mu m) was administered to the cultures at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 mu M 2 h prior to rotenone exposure. Cell viability across groups was measured using the MTT assay. Apoptosis was analyzed through Hoechst 33258 staining and Western blot techniques, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were quantified via the DCFH-DA method. Mitochondrial activation was examined with MitoTracker Green staining.All concentrations of Mito-TEMPO significantly protected cells against rotenone toxicity. There were significant apoptotic marks such as nuclear fragmentation and bax/bcl-2 & cleaved caspase-3 increase in rotenone group. Mito-TEMPO exhibited protective effects by reducing apoptotic alterations and decreasing ROS levels significantly. The alterations of mitochondria density and localization in rotenone-treated cells were prominent while there was no difference observed in Mito-TEMPO group. Overall, Mito-TEMPO exhibited protective effects against rotenoneinduced toxicity.

Mitokondri hücrenin enerji metabolizmasında, oksidatif fosforilasyonda ve hücre ölümünde rol alan temel organeli olup pek çok hastalıkta olduğu gibi nörodejeneratif hastalıkların da patogenezine katkı sağlar. Günümüzde çoğu nörodejeneratif hastalığın etiyopatogenezinde reaktif oksijen ve nitrojen türlerine bağlı oksidatif hasar sorumlu tutulmakla birlikte antioksidan tedaviler bu hasarın önlenmesi ve iyileştirilmesi konusunda yeterli olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle son yıllarda mitokondriyi direkt olarak hedefleyen ve içerisinde biriken farklı farmakolojik ajanlar geliştirilmiş olup birçok nörodejenerasyon hayvan modelinde iyileştirici etkileri görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda bu ajanlardan bazılarının insan klinik çalışmalarında güvenilir ve etkili olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Bu derlemede, Alzheimer ve Parkinson hastalıkları başta olmak üzere nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda mitokondri disfonksiyonu ve bu hastalıkların tedavisinde etkili olacağı düşünülen mitokondri hedefli tedavi ile ilgili güncel bilgiler tartışılmıştır.

Toksik bir α-dikarbonil bileşiği olan metilglioksal (MG) endojen olarak çeşitli yolaklarda üretilebildiği gibi çeşitli yiyecek ve içeceklerle de vücuda alınması söz konusudur. Hücrelerde metabolik reaksiyonlar sonucu oluşumu kaçınılmazken, organizmada birikimini önleyen detoksifikasyon sistemleri mevcuttur. Bunlardan en önemlisi antioksidan bir savunma sistemi olan glutatyon bağımlı glikoksalaz enzim sistemidir. Hiperglisemik koşullarda ve yüksek enerjili beslenmede MG üretiminin artması veya detoksifikasyonun yetersiz kalması nedeniyle hücrelerde birikebilir. Aşırı birikimi sonucunda MG, DNA ile çapraz bağlar kurarak epigenetik değişikliklere ve hasarlara sebep olabilir. Hücrelerde serbest radikal üretimini arttırarak mitokondriyal disfonksiyona ve apoptoza neden olabilir. MG, ileri glikasyon son ürünlerini (AGE) oluşturmak üzere proteinler, lipidler ve nükleik asitlerle kolaylıkla reaksiyona girer. Bu ileri glikasyon ürünleri, diyabetik komplikasyonlar, yaşlanma ve nörodejeneratif bozukluklar gibi çeşitli patofizyolojik mekanizmalarla ilişkilidir. Tüketilen besinlere ek olarak, besinlerin pişirme ve depolama yöntemleri de MG içeriğini etkilemektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, metilglioksalin sağlık üzerine etkilerini ve bu etkileri azaltma yöntemlerini tartışmaktır.

Aim: Methylglyoxal (MG), a dicarbonyl compound, is found in all cells under normal or pathological conditions as a product of cellular metabolism. Quercetin is known to have antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether quercetin reduces methylglyoxal-induced toxicity in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. Materials and Methods: To determine the effective toxic dose of MG, different doses (0-1000 µM) of MG were added to the culture medium and cell viability was determined by MTT test after 24 hours of incubation. Then, quercetin (0.1 and 1 µM), was given to the culture medium together with MG, and cell viability, cell morphology, apoptotic cell death, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant stress (TOS) were evaluated. Results: MG increased cell death in SH-SY5Y cells depending on the concentration. MG caused significant deterioration in the morphological features of the cells, increased apoptotic cell death and formation of reactive oxygen species. Also, total oxidant stress levels was found to be higher in the MG-added cells compared to the control (p

Yara iyileşme süreci, klinik uygulamada birtakım zorluklarla seyreden uzun bir süreç olup güncel tedavilerin etkileri halen sınırlıdır. Yara iyileşme süreci, hücrelerin göçü ve proliferasyonu, ekstraselüler matriksin yeniden şekillendirilmesi ve anjiyogenez ile ilişkilidir. Çeşitli risk faktörleri, kronik iltihaplanma ve bazı hastalıklar, yetersiz yara kapanmasına yol açarak fibrozisle sonuçlanabilecek bir yara izi oluşmasına neden olabilir. Son yıllarda, mezenkimal kök hücrelerin (MKH) yara iyileşmesi ve cilt yenilenmesi üzerinde güçlü terapötik potansiyele sahip olduğuna dair kanıtlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak, MKH'lerin doğrudan uygulanmasında hala birçok sorunla karşılaşılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte son yıllarda, köken aldığı hücrelerden belirli bileşenler içeren lipid çift tabakalı membran yapısına sahip ve “granüler veziküller” olarak tanımlanan eksozomlar, MKH'ler için mükemmel bir alternatif olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Çeşitli çalışmalarda özellikle MKH'lerden türetilen eksozomların (MKHE) yaraların iyileşmesi ve cilt rejenerasyonu için faydalı olduğu gösterilmiştir. Eksozomların cilt yaralarını iyileştirme sürecinde etkili olduğu mekanizmalar arasında inflamasyonu hafifletmek, damar oluşumunu uyarmak, epitel hücreleri ve fibroblastların proliferasyon ve göçünü uyarmak yer almaktadır. Bu nedenle, MKHE uygulanması, cilt yaralarının tedavisinde hücre tedavisine umut verici bir alternatif olabilir ve aynı anda birden fazla mekanizma aracılığıyla yara iyileşmesini teşvik edebilir. Bu derlemede, MKH'lerden türetilen eksozomların yara iyileşmesinde ve cilt rejenerasyonundaki rolü ve mekanizmaları hakkında güncel bilgiler sunulacak ve MKHE’lerin klinik uygulamalardaki potansiyelleri ayrıntılı olarak ele alınacaktır.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an aging-related, chronic lung disease, with unclear pathogenesis and no effective treatment. One of the triggering factors in cell aging is oxidative stress and it is known to have a role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this paper, the protective effect of the E-CG-01 (3,4-lacto-cycloastragenol) molecule in terms of its antioxidant properties was evaluated in the bleomycin induced mice lung fibrosis model. Bleomycin sulfate was administered as a single dose (2.5 U/kg body weight) intratracheally to induce lung fibrosis. E-CG-01 was administered intraperitoneally in three different doses (2 mg/kg/day, 6 mg/kg/day, and 10 mg/kg/day) for 14 days, starting three days before the bleomycin administration. Fibrosis was examined by Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson Trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining for TGF-beta1, Type I collagen Ki-67, and gama-H2AX markers. Activity analysis of catalase and Superoxide dismutase enzymes, measurement of total oxidant, total glutathione, and Malondialdehyde levels. In histological analysis, it was determined that all three different doses of the molecule provided a prophylactic effect against the progression of fibrosis compared to the bleomycin control group. However, it was observed that only the molecule applied in the high dose decreased the total oxidant stress level. Lung weight ratio increased in the BLM group but significantly reduced with high-dose E-CG-01. E-CG-01 at all doses reduced collagen deposition, TGF-β expression, and Ki-67 expression compared to the BLM group. Intermediate and high doses of E-CG-01 also significantly reduced alveolar wall thickness and edema formation. These findings suggest that E-CG-01 has potential therapeutic effects in mitigating lung fibrosis through its antioxidant properties.

Introduction: We aimed to determine the effect of regular exercise on aerobic capacity, strength values, and plasma levels of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and investigate its effects on MS symptoms including cognitive impairment, fatigue, balance disorders, and quality of life (QOL).Methods: Forty-three relapsing-remitting MS patients with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 4 or less participated in the study. Participants were divided into three groups: aerobic group, strength group, and control group. The patients in the exercise groups had exercise programs three days a week for three months. Aerobic capacity (maximum VO2 value), strength measurements, and balance tests were done, and NGF and NT-3 plasma levels were analyzed in all participants at the beginning and end of the study. Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life -54 (MSQoL-54), fatigue impact scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and, to evaluate cognitive functions, BICAMS scale were applied.Results: Aerobic exercise and strength exercise groups had significant increases in VO(2 )max, back and leg strength values, and NGF and NT-3 plasma levels (p<0.01). Cognitive functions, fatigue, sleep quality, and QOL significantly improved in the exercise groups (p<0.01). The balance values were also significantly improved in the aerobic group (p<0.01), and althoughimprovement although improvement was observed in the strength group, it was not statistically significant (p>0.05).Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that regular exercise improves quality of life, cognitive functions, fatigue, and sleep quality in MS patients. The levels of NGF and NT-3, which are important factors in neural regeneration and remyelination, were increased post exercise. It can be suggested that exercise may have a potential effect on MS and slow down the disease process with these results.

We aimed to determine the effect of regular exercise on aerobic capacity, strength values, and plasma levels of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and investigate its effects on MS symptoms including cognitive impairment, fatigue, balance disorders, and quality of life (QOL).Forty-three relapsing-remitting MS patients with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 4 or less participated in the study. Participants were divided into three groups: aerobic group, strength group, and control group. The patients in the exercise groups had exercise programs three days a week for three months. Aerobic capacity (maximum VO2 value), strength measurements, and balance tests were done, and NGF and NT-3 plasma levels were analyzed in all participants at the beginning and end of the study. Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQoL-54), fatigue impact scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and, to evaluate cognitive functions, BICAMS scale were applied.Aerobic exercise and strength exercise groups had significant increases in VO2 max, back and leg strength values, and NGF and NT-3 plasma levels (p<0.01). Cognitive functions, fatigue, sleep quality, and QOL significantly improved in the exercise groups (p<0.01). The balance values were also significantly improved in the aerobic group (p<0.01), and althoughimprovement although improvement was observed in the strength group, it was not statistically significant (p>0.05).Our study provides evidence that regular exercise improves quality of life, cognitive functions, fatigue, and sleep quality in MS patients. The levels of NGF and NT-3, which are important factors in neural regeneration and remyelination, were increased post exercise. It can be suggested that exercise may have a potential effect on MS and slow down the disease process with these results.

Amaç: Mezenkimal kök hücreler, çeşitli protokoller kullanılarak in vitro koşullarda kolaylıklakardiyomiyositlere farklılaşabilir. Ancak bu protokollerde kullanılan ajanların hücre canlılığı üzerinde bazıolumsuz etkileri olduğu bildirilmiştir. Azasitidin mezenkimal kök hücreleri kalp kası hücrelerinefarklandırmak için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir GLP-1 reseptör agonisti olan Eksenatid'ininsan yağ dokusu kaynaklı kök hücrelerinin kardiyomiyositlere farklılaşması ve canlılığı üzerindekietkilerini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Azasitidin ve Eksenatid'in insan yağ doku kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücrelerüzerinde hücre canlılığı ve proliferasyonu üzerindeki etkileri ile sitotoksisite testleri yapıldı. Farklılanmaprotokolü için, hücreler dört hafta boyunca Azasitidin ve Eksenatid ile inkübe edildi. Hücrelerin morfolojikdeğişiklikleri izlendi ve kardiyomiyojenik farklılaşma belirteçlerinin (cTnI, GATA4 ve MYH7)ekspresyonları immünohistokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. Ayrıca kültürlerdeki kardiyak troponin I(cTnI) seviyeleri enzime bağlı immünosorbent testi kullanılarak ölçüldü. Veriler, tek yönlü varyans analizi(ANOVA) ve post-hoc testi ile değerlendirildi.Bulgular: İnsan yağ doku kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücreler üzerine Azasitidin uygulaması, kontrolegrubuna kıyasla hücre canlılığını önemli ölçüde azaltırken (%54.4) hücrelerin Azasitidin+Eksenatid ileuygulaması doza bağlı bir şekilde hücre ölümünü önledi. Azasitidin ve Eksenatid uygulanan hücreler,kardiyomiyojenik farklılaşma ile uyumlu önemli morfolojik değişiklikler ve kardiyomiyojenik belirteçlerdeartış gösterdi. Ayrı ayrı ve birlikte uygulama yapılan gruplarda cTnI seviyeleri kontrole göre anlamlıderecede yüksek bulundu.Sonuç: Bu bulgular GLP-1 reseptör agonisti Eksenatid'in, Azasitidin uygulamasının neden olduğu hücrehasarını azaltarak İnsan yağ doku kaynaklı mezenkimal kök hücrelerin kardiyomiyojenik farklılaşmasıüzerinde faydalı etkileri olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

There is still controversy over whether structural and morphological changes can be observed in tissues depending on the carbon dioxide (CO2) nature or the applied intra-abdominal pressures (IAP). This study aimed to investigate the effects of different pressure or CO2 nature used for pneumoperitoneum in gynecological laparoscopic surgery on inflammation, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes in ovarian and peritoneal tissue. For this purpose, forty female rats were randomly divided into 6 groups and different pneumoperitoneum models were created in these groups. Rats in group other than control and sham groups received standard (CD) or heated-humidified CO2 (HH) insufflations at low (4 mmHg) or high pressure (8 mmHg). The ovary and peritoneum sections were evaluated microscopically for apoptotic index (API) and API scoring was calculated. Tissue and plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrotizing factor-alpha (TNF-α), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The most severe changes occurred in the 8CD group microscopically, while the least severe changes occurred in the 4HH group. All histopathological parameters except for ovarian apoptotic index and peritoneal PCNA at low pressure were higher in the CD group. TNF-α and 8-OHdG levels were higher in the CD group at both low and high pressures. Standard CO2 caused more prominent histopathological changes at high pressures and systemic inflammation in both pressure groups. The least change between the experimental study groups in terms of histopathological and biochemical was observed in the low-pressure heated-humidified group.

Aim: Mesenchymal stem cells can easily differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro conditions using various protocols. However, the agents used in these protocols have been reported to have some adverse effects on cell viability. Azacitidine is used to differentiate mesenchymal stem cells into cardiac muscle cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Exenatide a GLP-1 receptor agonist, on differentiation and viability of human adipose tissue derived stem cells into cardiomyocytes. Materials and Methods: The effects of Azacytidine and Exenatide on cell viability and proliferation of human adipose tissue derived stem cells were analyzed with cytotoxicity assay. For differentiation procedure, of human adipose tissue derived stem cells were incubated with Azacytidine and Exenatide through four weeks. The morphological alterations of human adipose tissue derived stem cells were monitored and the expressions of cardiomyogenic differentiation markers (cTnI, GATA4 ve MYH7) were evaluated immunohistochemically. Also, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels in the cultures were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results were evaluated by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc test. Results: Treatment of the human adipose tissue derived stem cells with Azacytidine significantly decreased cell viability (54.4%) compared to control whereas treatment of cells with Azacytidine + Exenatide prevented cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Cells treated with Azacytidine and Exenatide showed significant morphological alterations consistent with cardiyomyogenic differentiation, and increase in expression cardiomyogenic markers. cTnI levels were found significantly higher in cultures treated separately and together with Azacytidine and Exenatide compared to control. Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggested that GLP-1 receptor agonist Exenatide may have beneficial effects on cardiomyogenic differention of human adipose tissue derived stem cells by reducing cell damage caused by Azacytidine.

Background Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are widely used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recently, increased signal intensity has been reported in specific brain areas after repeated administrations of GBCAs. Purpose To investigate the toxic effects of GBCAs on neuronal cells by using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell cultures. Material and Methods For toxicity assays, SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with different doses (0–1000 µM) of several macrocyclic (gadoterate meglumine and gadobutrol) and linear GBCAs (gadoversetamide, gadopentetate dimeglumine, gadodiamide, and gadoxetate disodium) for 48 h. Cell viability and proliferation capacity were evaluated by using MTS assay, LDH assay, and colony-forming assay. In addition, Western blotting of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins and nuclear Hoechst 33258 staining were performed to evaluate apoptotic cell death. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed using Student’s t-test. A P value < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results Both macrocyclic and linear GBCAs significantly and dose-dependently reduced cell viability in neuronal cells compared to control. Cell viability was measured between 89.5% ± 4% and 61% ± 0.7% in GBCA-treated groups. In addition, neurotoxicity was more prominent in linear GBCA-treated cultures ( P < 0.0005). Bax protein levels were increased in GBCA-treated cells particularly with linear agents whereas Bcl-2 expression was decreased concomitantly. Conclusion The results of the present study indicated that exposure to specific GBCAs, even at low micro-molar concentrations, may have detrimental effects on neuronal survival. Further investigations are required to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying GBCA-induced cell death.

Abstract The adult joint cartilage has limited regeneration capacity. The balance between synthesis and degradation can be determined by the measurement of matrix proteins in the synovial fluids. In this study, the detrimental effects of different knee pathologies were investigated by measuring the proteoglycans degradation products in synovial fluids. Eighty six patients with unilateral knee pathologies were included in the study and classified as follow; meniscal lesion (Group I, n=36), chronic ACL and meniscal lesion (Goup II, n=15), isolated subacute chronic ACL lesion (group III, n=8), patellar pain (Group IV, n=14), gonarthrosis (Group V, n=13), normal control (NC, n=9). The level of proteoglycan degradation products in pathological knees was significantly higher than those in the normal knees. Group II had statistically significantly higher values than group I (p<0.05). These data show that the cartilage matrix turnover is strongly effected by the internal derangement of the knee joint. Long-term monitorization is needed to clarify whether the imbalance of cartilage matrix turnover can eventually cause the osteoarthritis. Özet Erişkin eklem kıkırdağı sınırlı onarılma yeteneğine sahiptir. Yapım ve yıkımdaki denge matriks proteinlerinin eklem sıvısından ölçümleriyle ortaya konabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada oldukça sık karşılaşılan değişik diz eklemi patolojilerinin eklem kıkırdağı üzerine olan yıkıcı etkileri eklem sıvısından proteoglikan yıkılım ürünleri ölçülerek araştırıldı. Menisküs lezyonlu 36 olgu (Grup l), kronik ön çapraz bağ-menisküs lezyonu gösteren 15 olgu (Grup II), izole subakut-kronik ön çapraz bağ lezyonlu 8 olgu (Grup III), patellar ağrılı 14 olgu (Grup IV), gonartrozlu 13 olgunun (Grup V) 86 patolojik dizi çalışma kapsamına alındı. Aynı olguların 9 kontralateral normal dizi Kontrol (NK) olarak kullanıldı. Tüm patolojik olgu gruplarında yıkılım ürunlerinin düzeyi NK den anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Ön çapraz bağ-menisküs grubunun değerleri izole menisküs grubundan anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Bu erken bulgular eklem için patolojilerden eklem kıkırdak turnoverinin önemli ölçüde etkilendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Kıkırdak yapım ve yıkılımındaki bu dengesizliğin osteortroza neden olup olmayacağını ortaya koymak için uzun süreli monitorizasyona gereksinim vardır.

Objective Purpose of the study; to demonstrate the effects of lycopene on the prevention of intraabdominal adhesions in rats with biochemical, histological and macroscopic parameters. Material methods Twenty eight rats were divided into four groups consisting of 7 rats each. Group 1 [only adhesion], Group 2 [adhesion+corn oil], Group 3 [adhesion+ 5 mg/kg lycopene], Group 4 [ adhesion+20 mg / kg lycopene]. Macroscopic adhesion score, histopathological examination, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) H-score, malondialdehyde, total anioxidant capacity and VEGF values were measured in the groups. Results There were significantly higher extend [P < 0.05], severity [P < 0.05], degree [P < 0.05] and total adhesion [P < 0.05] scores in the control group and corn-oil group than in the low lycopene group and high lycopene group. VEGF H-scores were significantly lower in lycopene-given groups, regardless of dose. When low lycopene group and high lycopene group were compared in terms of anti VEGF H-score, no significant difference was observed. Malondialdehyde levels were statistically significantly lower in the control group and high lycopene group [p<0.05]. Conclusion Biochemical parameters, histopathological examination, and adhesion scoring revealed that lycopene significantly reduced adhesion formation.