Autonomous colour correction embedded into an individual pixel is crucial to create next-generation intelligent visual systems. Although existing feedback circuits enable robust ex situ colour correction, they remain bulky with logic complexity. Here we propose in-pixel colour correction by integrating three panchromatic organic active adaptation transistors as a single pixel, each featuring two complementary broadband bulk heterojunctions. The devices display an active adaptation index, that is, a change in photosensitivity as a function of orders of magnitude changes in luminance, of over 150 to red, green and blue light stimuli. More importantly, the subpixels adapt following the von Kries coefficient law, thereby mimicking the ability of a human visual system to adjust to changes in illumination and preserve the appearance of colours. Our proof-of-concept device array, under distorted light conditions, achieves a recognition accuracy of >96.3

Cyclo[n]Thiophenes (CnTs) are a distinctive class of rr-conjugated macrocyclic molecules that have attracted growing attention owing to their structural aesthetics and organic electronic characteristics. However, the development of CnTs has been largely impeded by inefficient synthetic route. In this work, we employ a bridge strategy using bipyridine as bridge to link two quaterthiophene units resulting in CD-shaped bicyclosystem. This strain-retaining approach improves the synthesis efficiency of the macrocycles. Two new macrocyclic molecules, (4T-2hexyl-2Me)2-DPBP and (4T-2hexyl)2-DPBP, were successfully synthesized in total yield 17 % and 16 %, respectively. Single-crystal structure of (4T-2hexyl-2Me)2-DPBP reveals that the bipyridine bridge is orthogonally strapped by two quaterthiophene units. Notably, both compounds exhibit aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) behavior-an unprecedented feature among CnT-based macrocycles. Theoretical calculations reveal that this AIE phenomenon originates from the restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM) in the aggregated state, which suppresses the non-radiative decay channels. These results demonstrate a generalized strategy for the synthesis of functional n-conjugated macrocyclic molecules based fluorescent materials. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

Photodoping in a PDPP4T : Pg2T-T polymer blend is improved by electrochemical coupling, underscoring its potential for improving the photo-thermoelectric properties.

Organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)-based inverters hold great promise for neural-machine interfaces due to their low operating voltage and compatibility with aqueous environments. However, unbalanced p-/n-channel characteristics hinder the inverter's voltage gain and fast switching. Here, a rational inverter design is presented, leveraging ion concentration to equilibrate p-n channel conductivity and kinetic doping in the OECT inverter, achieving an extremely high gain value of over 370 V/V under optimized driving conditions. Furthermore, a 3-stage ring oscillator constructed from these ion-equilibrated OECT inverters exhibits a rapid response time (stage delay < 0.6 ms) and a broad frequency response exceeding 300 Hz, matching the mechanoreceptor signals in human skin. The biocompatible output displays a sublinear reaction to static pressure pulses, indicating successful tactile recognition in live neurons. This work presents a practical strategy for constructing neural-compatible artificial logics through ion-concentration engineering, providing a platform for seamless neural-machine integration. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.

Molecular-scale electronics seeks to transcend classical device paradigms by leveraging the quantum nature of charge transport. Molecular orbitals, as electron wave functions, exhibit spatially structured amplitude and nodal patterns that shape electron transmission. Yet, the spatial characteristics are difficult to resolve experimentally in single-molecule junctions. Here, we report the direct observation of length-dependent odd-even conductance oscillations that arise from sampling different regions of a single π-orbital at room temperature. This is enabled by anchor-free single-molecule junctions, where cyclic carbon nanohoop molecules form Au-π contacts with gold electrodes, allowing the intrinsic π-orbital profile to be probed directly. This minimal-contact design preserves orbital symmetry and reveals conductance variations linked to the orbital’s spatial amplitude distribution, as corroborated by first-principles transport calculations. These results demonstrate that the spatial structure of an individual molecular orbital can measurably influence room-temperature charge transport, providing a clear framework for understanding orbital contributions in molecular-scale electronic systems.

Multistate control of electrical conductance at the molecular scale is essential for extending molecular electronics beyond binary functionality. Here we demonstrate a mechanically programmable and fully reversible tristate molecular junction based on the controlled assembly of fullerene (C60) molecules. Using the scanning tunneling microscope-break junction technique, we identify three discrete and well-separated conductance states spanning more than four orders of magnitude, which can be repeatedly accessed by mechanical push-pull modulation of the junction. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, together with noise analysis and transport calculations, shows that the states originate from controlled stacking of one, two, and three C60 molecules. Owing to the spherical geometry and isotropic π-electron delocalization of C60, the conductance is largely insensitive to molecular orientation and contact rearrangements, enabling robust and configuration-insensitive multistate transport. This work establishes mechanically controlled intermolecular assembly as a general route to deterministic multistate molecular switching, with relevance to adaptive and neuromorphic-inspired electronic systems.

Biomimetic visual adaptation is crucial for machine vision to sustain robust perception over a wide luminance range. However, most existing adaptive optoelectronic devices rely on the joint regulation of external bias voltage and incident light intensity. Here, we present a trimodal organic active adaptation transistor (TM-OAAT) by integrating two bulk heterojunctions within the gate dielectric. This architecture enables synergistic modulation of photocapacitance enhancement and interfacial charge-trapping suppression. As a result, the device autonomously switches between scotopic, mesopic, and photopic vision modes without external gate bias modulation, covering a wide luminance range from moonlight to sunlight (10-2-106 cd m-2). Imaging experiments and simulations demonstrate that the device effectively restores image features across all three adaptation modes, achieving recognition accuracy exceeding 97%. By achieving trimodal self-adaptation through illumination alone, this compact device provides a platform for low-power, wide-dynamic-range bio-inspired neuromorphic vision.

Broadband adaptive vision is pivotal in enabling robust day-night visual operation in applications like autonomous driving and smart security. However, most existing active perception systems are confined to the visible spectrum regime. Here, we report a Vis-NIR broadband organic active adaptation transistor (VN-OAAT) by incorporating a dielectric embedded with ternary bulk-heterojunction, which simultaneously broadens the spectral response (400-1200 nm) and tunes the charge trapping activation energy. Through precise donor-acceptor compositional engineering, the device exhibits light-intensity-dependent photoresponse that enables photopic adaptation under high-illumination conditions and efficient photodetection in low-light environments, each spanning four orders of magnitude in intensity. Imaging experiments and simulations demonstrate that the device ensures all-day accurate vision with recognition accuracy over 96%. This ternary-heterojunction strategy addresses the intrinsic mismatch between high-performance NIR semiconductors and OAAT, establishing an efficient platform for broadband adaptive sensing in day-night machine vision applications.

Polymeric thermoelectrics provide a lightweight and intrinsically flexible platform for converting ubiquitous low-grade waste heat into sustainable electricity. However, their practical deployment has been hindered by a low dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) and the reliance on high performance on complex processing routes. Here, we introduce a simple and controllable solvent-assisted soft lithography approach for fabricating polymeric nanowires with exceptional thermoelectric performance. 1D confinement drives ordered chain assembly, boosting charge mobility (µ), while enhanced phonon-boundary scattering suppresses lattice thermal conductivity (κL). Compared with spin-coated films, the nanowires achieve a 274% increase in µ and a 63% reduction in κL, culminating in a peak ZT of 1.02 at 353 K. This nanowire-based strategy is broadly applicable to diverse polymers, providing a robust route to nanostructure-engineered plastic thermoelectrics with both high performance and scalable manufacturability, and opening new opportunities for practical organic thermoelectric devices.

ConspectusThe escalating global energy crisis, coupled with the environmental impact of conventional energy consumption, has intensified the pursuit of green and sustainable energy solutions. Converting low-grade heat into electricity using flexible, lightweight, and solution-processable polymeric thermoelectrics offers unique opportunities for next-generation wearable and portable power systems. Early studies in this field predominantly emphasized molecular design, optimizing conjugated backbones and side chains to enhance the charge transport and Seebeck coefficients. These efforts yielded valuable insights into the relationships among molecular structure, electronic states, and thermoelectric performance. More recently, molecular assembly engineering has attracted growing interest driven by recognition of how microstructural order and hierarchical morphology affect carrier mobility and energy filtering. Strategies such as controlled self-assembly, directional alignment, and interface engineering have proven highly effective, enabling property enhancement beyond the limits of molecular design alone. This shift has not only produced high-performance polymeric thermoelectric materials but also broadened their functional scope, opening opportunities for integration into flexible and versatile energy systems.The "phonon-glass, electron-crystal" (PGEC) concept envisions an ideal assembly that combines the intrinsically low thermal conductivity of amorphous glasses with the exceptional charge transport of crystalline solids. Guided by these design principles, our recent work has addressed the coupled optimization of charge and thermal transport while exploring novel functional capabilities in polymeric thermoelectrics. To mitigate the persistent trade-off between the Seebeck coefficient (S) and electrical conductivity (σ), we developed a mixed-orientation strategy in which bimodal molecular orientation generates interfacial weak hydrogen bonds, promoting efficient chemical doping, improved molecular ordering, and increased density of states. This synergistic effect yielded simultaneous enhancements in S and σ, achieving a peak figure of merit (ZT) more than four times higher than that of single-orientation films. In addition, we tackled the underestimated role of thermal conductivity (κ) by introducing a heterogeneous assembly approach for high-mobility polymers. Incorporating porous architectures induced localized vibrational scattering, lowering lattice κ and raising ZT to 0.52. Building further, we introduced a polymeric multi-heterojunction (PMHJ) architecture via cross-linking-assisted assembly, where pronounced size effects and interfacial diffuse scattering reduced κ to 0.10 W·m-1·K-1, delivering a record-high ZT of 1.28, comparable to that of commercial Bi2Te3 materials in the near-room-temperature region. Extending beyond performance metrics, we revealed anomalously large Nernst coefficients in doped polymers, 2-3 orders of magnitude above classical Fermi-liquid predictions─paving the way for advanced lateral organic thermoelectric devices.

Abstract Molecular topology offers a powerful yet underexplored strategy for controlling charge transport in molecular electronics. Here, we construct double-loop single-molecule junctions based on conjoined carbon bisnanohoops containing more than 15 phenylene units. Intrinsic curvature asymmetry between the two loops directs Au−π binding and enables controlled formation of distinct single-loop and double-loop transport configurations. The double-loop topology results in higher conductance and a substantially reduced attenuation factor compared with size-matched linear and single-loop analogues, allowing coherent tunneling to be sustained over transport lengths of up to ten phenylene units. Density functional theory calculations attribute this behavior to enhanced orbital coupling across phenylene units and improved electrode coupling arising from the double-loop connectivity. These results establish molecular topology as an effective design parameter for engineering long-range charge transport in π-conjugated systems.

Motion vision is increasingly critical in scenarios such as autonomous driving and embodied intelligence. Existing sensors perform motion analysis and moving‑object extraction as separate tasks, which increases computation and storage needs to challenge highly efficient applications. Here, we design an organic tri-bulk-heterojunctioned adaptation phototransistor (OTAT) that integrates both functionalities in a single device. Notably, the OTAT incorporates a gate-adjacent semiconductor-insulator heterojunction as a photosensitive percolation channel, providing fine-tuned photoadaptation under illumination spanning six orders of magnitude. In imaging experiments, the device exhibits in‑sensor moving‑object extraction with a 45.3% highlight ratio, approaching the capability of the human visual system, while yielding motion analysis accuracy over 99.4% in both direction and speed detection. Importantly, the OTAT-based agents generated the lowest risk in multiple route-planning simulation. These results show that the OTAT effectively bridges the gap between motion extraction and analysis, marking a significant step forward for next-generation in‑sensor motion vision systems.

Polymer thermoelectrics offer an inherently soft, cost-effective, and lightweight solution to convert ubiquitous heat sources into sustainable electricity. However, their realistic applications are hindered by insufficient performance and the scaling complexity. We introduce irregular hierarchical-porous thermoelectric polymers, featuring irregularly shaped and distributed pores with diameters that range from less than 10 nanometers to micrometers. This porous structure not only enhances multiple phonon-like scattering, achieving a 72% reduction in lattice thermal conductivity, but also unexpectedly improves charge transport through nanoconfinement-enhanced crystallization. The optimized film yields a benchmark figure-of-merit zT of 1.64 at 343 kelvin. Moreover, this method is compatible with easy-to-process spray-coating techniques.

Electron transport through a single quantum channel is fundamentally limited by the conductance quantum (G0 = 2e2/h ≈ 77.5 μS), achievable only in fully transparent systems without interfacial scattering. However, realizing this quantum limit in metal-molecule-metal junctions has long been hindered by intrinsic electronic mismatches at heterogeneous interfaces. Here, we report a carbon nanobelt single-molecule junction over 1 nm in length, whose conductance reaches G0, driven by the saturation of a single transport channel under ambient conditions. This unprecedented performance arises from electric-field-induced formation of covalent C-Au-C bonds at both contacts, creating atomically fused interfaces that seamlessly merge the nanobelt's π system with Au d orbitals. The resulting d-π conjugation establishes a single, transparent electronic resonance aligned with the Fermi level, suppressing backscattering and enabling near ideal quantum transport. By eliminating heterogeneous interfacial resistance at the atomic scale, this strategy offers a general blueprint for engineering atomically precise, energy-efficient nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices.

Controlling chemical reactivity through molecular strain offers a compelling strategy for precision bond manipulation at the single-molecule level. Here, we show that spatially differentiated curvature in a nonplanar π-conjugated system can program the site of carbon-carbon (C-C) bond cleavage without the need for catalysts or harsh conditions. Using a teardrop-shaped carbon nanohoop (meta-cycloparaphenylene, mCPP) with an intrinsic curvature gradient, we achieve highly selective C-C bond scission at the most strained site by applying a mild electrical bias (∼1 V) via the scanning tunneling microscopy break-junction (STM-BJ) technique. With a predominant product yield of ∼75%, the process produces linear oligophenylene junctions featuring well-defined Au-C σ contacts. Remarkably, the curved molecular architecture defines a postcleavage transport pathway that inherently exhibits destructive quantum interference (DQI), leading to conductance suppression by over 4 orders of magnitude. These findings introduce molecular curvature as a programmable design element for guiding bond activation and tailoring charge transport in π-electronic systems.

An intelligent perception system is dedicated to simulating the hierarchical information-processing mechanisms of the human senses.By constructing biomimetic functional devices,it achieves sensing,synaptic,and adaptive functions in response to external stimuli,enabling autonomous manipulation in complex environments,and thereby extending and enhancing human perceptual capabilities.Molecular materials,with their intrinsic lightweight,thinness,flexibility,diverse optoelectronic functionalities,and multi-level biocompatibility,are one of the ideal material systems for constructing human-machine integrated intelligent perception devices.Over the past decade,biomimetic perception devices based on molecular materials have attracted widespread research attention and achieved rapid development.This review outlines the research progress of single and multimodal perception devices that mimic human sensory functions in terms of molecular design,interface modulation,and device construction.Special emphasis is placed on the research strategy and state-of-the-art developments of molecular devices with neural synaptic and adaptive functions.Finally,we provide perspectives on future research directions of molecular materials and devices for intelligent perception applications.

Conjugated polymers are attracting increased attention as thermoelectric （TE） materials for energy harvesting applications in low-temperature regimes.However,in many doped ambipolar polymers,the simultaneous transport of both holes and electrons under temperature gradients leads to an offset in thermopower （S）,which suppresses TE performance and complicates intrinsic understanding of bipolar TE conversion.Herein,we quantitatively investigate the p-n polarity transition in FeCl 3 -doped bipolar PDPP4T films by measuring the magneto-thermoelectric Nernst effect,combined with Hall and Seebeck effect analyses.Notably,behind the S=0 point,we observe a significant thermopower offset originating from the balancing contributions of electrons and holes.This countervailing thermopower value is extracted to reach 400μV K -1 ,which could ideally produce an estimated maximum unipolar ZT of 0.24 at 175 K,due to rising polaron states and reduced carrier concentration.Our findings reveal the extraordinary hidden unipolar TE performance achievable in doped bipolar polymer towards ultra-low-temperatures thermoelectric.

Photosynthesis is the foundation for sustaining living organisms. Electrical energy is currently used to regulate photosynthesis, but this strategy lacks precision, hindering the full utilization of energy. Here, we develop an electrically activated photosynthesis system, using electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and conjugated polymer nanoparticles (PFTP-NPs). Due to their matchable photophysical properties, we successfully useECL emission of Ru(bpy)32+ and tripropylamine to activate photosynthesis. Under ECL emission, the electron generation in chloroplast is accelerated. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and NADPH [a reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+)] production in the light-dependent reaction increases by 466% and 200%, respectively. Additionally, PFTP-NPs are employed as light-harvesting materials and modified onto the chloroplasts. Due to their superior light-harvesting and light-converting properties, PFTP-NPs further refine spectral matching between ECL and chloroplasts, enabling further photosynthesis regulation. As a result, the trapped energy and energy used for electron transfer increases by 7% and 24%, respectively. ATP and NADPH production increases by 16.9% and 3.9%, respectively. This successful demonstration holds immense potential for advancing photosynthesis regulation.

As a fundamental thermoelectric phenomenon in many solid-state materials, the Nernst effect has yet to be observed in conducting polymers. This knowledge could provide important insight into their elusive mechanism, which are crucial for flexible optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. However, within the Landau's Fermi-liquid picture, the Nernst coefficient has demonstrated to be proportional to the charge mobility, and thus should be negligible in less ordered polymers with inherent low mobility. Here, we challenge this notion by observing an anomalously large Nernst effect in a range of conducting polymers. Specially, the Nernst coefficients in these doped polymers exceed the Fermi-liquid predictions by 2-3 orders of magnitudes with negative mobility dependence. These intriguing observations are attributed to the intrinsic quasi-one-dimensional transport nature in conjugated polymers and their unique chemical doping mechanism. Our research not only provides experimental insights into the non-Fermi-liquid charge transport nature of polymers, but also suggests its universality for other quasi-one-dimensional materials and/or less ordered systems, and opens up exciting possibilities for developing transverse organic thermoelectric applications.