Background: Traditional basketball instruction often emphasises isolated technical drills with limited game-based participation, which may reduce student engagement and hinder skill development. Despite growing interest in game-based learning (GBL), there is limited evidence on structured GBL models in higher education contexts, particularly in Indonesia. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a game-based learning model to improve basketball skills and student engagement in physical education. Methods: A research and development (R&D) approach, adapted from Borg and Gall’s model, was employed, encompassing needs analysis, model design, expert validation, and field trials. The model’s effectiveness was assessed using a one-group pretest–posttest design with purposively sampled physical education students. Data were collected through standardised basketball skill tests (dribbling, passing, shooting), questionnaires, and interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using paired-sample t-tests (p < .05), while qualitative data were examined using thematic analysis. Results: In the small-scale trial (n = 30), students’ performance improved by 23.9% from pretest to posttest, with statistically significant differences and large effect sizes. The large-scale trial (n = 60) further confirmed the model’s effectiveness, showing significant improvements in basketball skills (t = 12.44, p < .001). Students also reported highly positive perceptions (M = 4.68, SD = 0.41), indicating strong engagement and acceptance of the GBL approach. Conclusion: The developed GBL model effectively enhances basketball skills, engagement, and learning experiences among physical education students. These findings support the integration of game-based approaches in sports instruction and highlight their potential for broader application in physical education contexts. Future research should examine long-term effects and applicability across different sports settings.

Research Problems: The rapid advancement of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) has accelerated the integration of Human–Robot Interaction (HRI) technologies into sports training and performance analysis. However, existing research remains fragmented across diverse technological domains, limiting a comprehensive understanding of HRI's contributions to athlete development. Research Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review and synthesize the current evidence on the application of HRI in sports, focusing on its roles in performance enhancement, injury prevention, and training optimization. Methods: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature was retrieved from the Scopus database using predefined search strategies, yielding 158 records. After duplicate removal, screening, and eligibility assessment, 20 studies published between 2015 and 2026 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Results: The findings demonstrate that HRI technologies, including robotic training systems, wearable sensors, artificial intelligence, computer vision, and intelligent monitoring systems, significantly improve movement analysis, deliver personalised feedback, and facilitate adaptive training programs. Among the identified research themes, performance enhancement was the most extensively investigated, followed by training optimization and injury prevention. Nevertheless, the reviewed studies also revealed several important limitations, including small sample sizes, predominantly short-term experimental designs, the absence of standardized evaluation frameworks, and unresolved ethical issues related to athlete autonomy, biometric data privacy, and algorithmic bias. Conclusion: Present the main conclusions of the research and relate them to the research objectives. Overall, the evidence suggests that HRI represents a promising approach for advancing evidence-based sports training and athlete support. Future research should prioritize longitudinal, multidisciplinary, and ethically informed investigations to evaluate the long-term effectiveness, generalizability, and practical implementation of HRI technologies across diverse sports settings.

The objective of this study is to examine the identity that the Indonesian DBL corporate has created for youth development through sports and entertainment. The research method used is a qualitative approach, which is appropriate for this corporate identity study because we collect and analyze publicly available corporate-controlled communications. The website was chosen because it allows the organization to communicate with its stakeholders, produce richer information, and save money. From March to June 2021, we examined four DBL Indonesia websites: DBL Indonesia Corporate, Jawa Pos Corporate, DBL Academy, and DBL Store. The findings indicate that the Indonesian DBL corporate is establishing a new positive identity as, first and foremost, a sports corporate that produces and sustains the student-athlete concept. Second, there will be an increase in national and international basketball cooperation.

Background: Community sport has increasingly been examined in relation to physical activity, youth development, social inclusion, health, and public policy. However, the global intellectual and thematic development of research on community sport development remains insufficiently mapped. Objectives: This study aims to map and analyse global research trends, collaboration patterns, and thematic developments in community sports development between 2016 and 2025. Methods: This study examined 408 journal articles on community sports development that were published between 2016 and 2025 using a bibliometric analysis based on Scopus. ScientoPy and Biblioshiny (Bibliometrix) were used to analyse bibliographic data obtained just from the Scopus database in order to look at publishing trends, cooperation networks, citation patterns, keyword co-occurrence, and topic progression. Results: There were 408 articles in the dataset, with a 5% yearly growth rate and a high of 54 publications in 2025. Sport (174 articles), physical activity (126), and sports involvement (89) were the most popular terms. In 2024-2025, most recent studies focused on youth-related concerns (> 35%), well-being (50.0%), and mental health (55.6%). Four clusters encompassing social integration and capital, youth development and sport participation, mental health and talent development, and emergent issues including community sport and disabilities were found using thematic mapping. Conclusions: Research on community sport development has become increasingly interdisciplinary, with sport participation increasingly connected to broader social, health, educational, and policy outcomes. Future research should strengthen longitudinal, comparative, and program-evaluation approaches to determine whether the themes identified in the bibliometric landscape translate into measurable community-level outcomes.

This study provides the most recent pertinent insights into the physiological factors influencing aerobic performance training in pencak silat athletes. An athlete's physical capacity is important for success in sports performance. Aerobic capacity is recognized as primary component. The prevailing consensus among authors identifies maximal oxygen uptake VO2max as the best indicator of an organism's aerobic capacity, and a key metric for assessing the physical capacity in pencak silat athletes. Employing a quasi-experimental approach, this research was conducted between July and August 2023. Focusing on 45 pencak silat athletes from Senior High School 1 Basa Ampek Balai Tapan, using purposive sampling, 30 male athletes were selected as participants, with the bleep test used as the primary assessment tool. Statistical analysis via t-test revealed a positive impact of interval training on the VO2max in pencak silat athletes, facilitating enhanced aerobic metabolism and energy production during maximum exertion.

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of interactive visual media in learning basic volleyball techniques on students' learning interest at SMP Negeri 13 Makassar. The method used is quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 60 students divided into two groups, namely the experimental group that received learning using interactive visual media and the control group that used conventional methods. The instrument used was a learning interest questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1–5 that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and t-tests (paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test) with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the experimental group experienced an increase in learning interest scores from an average pretest of 58.4 to 78.6 in the posttest, while the control group only increased from 59.2 to 66.7. The t-test showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (t = 5.87; p < 0.05). These findings indicate that interactive visual media is effective in increasing students' interest in learning basic volleyball techniques. In conclusion, the application of interactive visual media as a learning medium can significantly increase students' interest in learning compared to conventional methods. Recommendations are given to PJOK teachers to integrate this media in the learning process to improve students' motivation and learning outcomes.

Sports and media have developed into industries. This development forces sports journalism to prepare for various changes, such as adapting to digital transformation. The availability of sources and ways of processing news involving digital media have changed the landscape of sports journalism to become more complex. This complexity has attracted the attention of researchers and driven the rapid growth of journalism studies in recent years. It shows the existence of various urgent challenges that require immediate attention. This study aims to determine research trends related to sports journalism by analysing 363 documents in the Scopus database published from 1976 to 2023 and using bibliometric analysis. The result shows that 2022 is the year with the highest number of published articles. Scholars from various affiliations and countries actively research this theme and publish it in a number of the most prolific journals. Keyword mapping produced seven clusters, and findings regarding the evolution of research themes show the increasingly strong interconnection of sports journalism with digital technology, which is starting to give rise to contemporary terminology such as data journalism, digital media, and artificial intelligence. These findings contribute to future research as a guide for researchers in developing contemporary studies related to sports journalism. As for practitioners, the results of this study can be used to prepare and develop sports communication strategies and tactics through the use of appropriate media. The limited number of databases used in this study opens up opportunities for further research in the future to gain sustainable knowledge. Likewise, the addition of new articles published in this field in the coming years will likely produce new and different findings from those presented in this research.

This study examined the effects of integrating self-hypnotherapy techniques into physical conditioning programs on volleyball players’ performance. Using a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control groups, 20 volleyball athletes aged 17–19 were purposively sampled and divided into experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group received 6–8 weeks of combined physical training and self-hypnotherapy sessions (20 minutes per training), while the control group engaged in physical training alone. Key performance variables measured included physical attributes (agility, endurance, power), psychological indicators (competitive anxiety, confidence, focus), and volleyball skills (passing, spiking, blocking, serving). Results indicated significant improvements in the experimental group compared to controls. Agility increased by 12.5% (p < 0.01), endurance by 15.3% (p < 0.01), and power by 10.8% (p < 0.05). Psychological assessments showed a 22% reduction in anxiety levels (p < 0.001) and increased confidence and focus by 18% and 20%, respectively (p < 0.01). Volleyball skill performance also improved notably, with effect sizes ranging from moderate to large (Cohen’s d = 0.6–0.9). The control group showed moderate gains but significantly less than the experimental group. These findings highlight the efficacy of self-hypnotherapy as a complementary approach to enhance both physical and psychological aspects of volleyball performance. Incorporating self-hypnotherapy into conditioning programs may optimize athletes’ overall readiness and competitive success.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa tinggi tingkat pengetahuan taktik dan strategi dalam bermain futsal pada peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler futsal putri pada tingkat sekolah menengah atas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei. Teknik untuk mengumpulkan data menggunakan tes dengan total 47 butir pernyataan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu peserta yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler futsal putri di SMA Negeri 1 Cikijing yang berjumlah 20 peserta didik, kemudian untuk penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling. Teknik analisis data dengan persentase. Hasil dari penelitian tingkat pengetahuan taktik dan strategi bermain futsal peserta ekstrakurikuler futsal putri didapatkan bahwa peserta didik yang berada pada kategori “sangat rendah” berjumlah 0 peserta didik (0%), kategori “rendah” berjumlah 4 peserta didik (20%), kategori “sedang” berjumlah 15 peserta didik (75%), kategori “tinggi” berjumlah 1 peserta didik (5%), dan kategori “sangat tinggi” berjumlah 0 peserta didik (0%). Kesimpulan yang diambil dari penelitian ini yaitu didasari dari nilai rata- rata yang didapatkan sebesar 48,3 maka tingkat pengetahuan taktik dan strategi pemain futsal putri di SMAN 1 Cikijing berada pada kategori sedang.

Cultural dimensions play a crucial role in shaping governance structures and corruption dynamics across nations. This study investigates the relationship between Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (Masculinity, Power Distance, Individualism, and Uncertainty Avoidance) and two key explanatory variables: Region (Africa, America, Asia, and Europe) and Level of Corruption (High, Medium, and Low). The objective is to determine whether cultural dimensions significantly vary based on geographic location and corruption levels, offering insights into governance and institutional structures. A Two-Way ANOVA was conducted to assess the impact of region and corruption on cultural dimensions, followed by Tukey HSD post hoc tests for pairwise comparisons. The results indicate that Masculinity remains stable across all regions and corruption levels, supporting previous studies that view it as a deeply ingrained cultural trait. Power Distance exhibits strong regional and corruption-related differences, with high-corruption countries, particularly in America and Asia, showing significantly greater hierarchical acceptance, while African countries demonstrate unexpectedly low Power Distance despite high corruption. Individualism is significantly lower in highly corrupt countries, particularly in Asia and America, reinforcing the link between collectivist cultures and corruption resilience. Uncertainty Avoidance is more influenced by regional factors than corruption, with African nations displaying significantly lower Uncertainty Avoidance than American and European nations. However, the lack of significant differences in Uncertainty Avoidance across corruption levels challenges theories suggesting corruption leads to higher uncertainty aversion. The study recommends that anti-corruption policies should consider cultural variations, with governance reforms tailored to regional contexts to reduce Power Distance and enhance Individualism in highly corrupt societies.

E-learning has revolutionised education and attracted educators and scholars, particularly those passionate about enhancing e-learning for rural students. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to characterise the descriptive parameters of e-learning and rural student publications. The present study employed VOSviewer software and Scopus datasets to identify the most active scientific sources, prominent references, keywords, and trending topics on e-learning and rural students. The results disclosed that an increasing trend began in 2019 with 22 publications, and the highest number of publications was recorded in 2022, with 39 articles. This study has identified a rising tendency in the usage of keywords such as “education”, “ICT”, “rural school”, “rural students”, “online education”, “online learning”, “remote learning”, “pandemic”, “COVID-19”, and “digital divide” since 2018. Therefore, using social intervention strategies to ameliorate e-learning is anticipated to assist educators and education professionals in mitigating educational inequalities among students residing in rural areas.

This study constitutes a comprehensive scientometric analysis to comprehend the developmental dynamics within digital education. The examination focuses on a dataset comprising 2,000 highly cited scholarly articles from each of the 15 most actively publishing countries in the Web of Science database. By meticulously scrutinising factors such as publication trends, influential authors, prominent institutions, prolific nations, and reputable journals, the study furnishes valuable insights into the progressive evolution of the digital education landscape. The findings not only shed light on the current state of affairs but also unveil the trajectory that digital education is taking. Noteworthy is the shift toward embracing metaverses in educational contexts, the discernible influence of robotics on student motivation, and the burgeoning adoption of blockchain technology for validating digital diplomas. To conclude, this research underscores the multifaceted nature of digital education and its intersections with various domains. The discerned patterns and emergent themes establish a robust groundwork for making informed decisions and formulating strategic agendas for educators, researchers, and policymakers alike. As the digital education landscape evolves, the insights gleaned from this study serve as an invaluable guide, navigating the ever-shifting topography and anticipating the potential impacts on forthcoming learning paradigms.

Background: Bullying remains a persistent issue in physical education (PE), often leading to decreased student participation, low self-confidence, and poor social interaction. While several anti-bullying interventions exist, few are tailored specifically to the PE context or leverage technology to promote engagement and resilience. This gap underscores the need for innovative, context-specific tools such as the CoBo application. Research Objectives: This study explores the design, development, implementation, and evaluation of the CoBo application—an interactive educational tool aimed at enhancing confidence, social skills, and participation in physical activities among primary school pupils. Methods: A research and development (R&D) approach was adopted, beginning with a needs analysis through interviews with PE teachers, students, and bullying victims. Finding/Results: Findings revealed a strong need for an engaging, supportive digital resource to help students cope with bullying and re-engage in PE. In response, CoBo was developed with modules targeting self-confidence, social competence, anti-bullying strategies, physical activities, and motivation. Prototype and pilot testing involving bullied students demonstrated improved self-efficacy, socialization, and PE participation. Conclusion: CoBo offers a promising technology-based solution for addressing bullying in PE settings. Future research should expand testing across diverse school populations to assess broader applicability and long-term impact.

Our research focuses on regional economic growth and development, concentrating on Douglas County, one of the foundational pieces of the Kansas, United States economy. This paper will analyze trends in the County and outline an economic plan for where they should strive to create changes. The method used will compare Douglas County to Kansas and then the United States by industry using a measure called Location Quotient, which measures the strengths and weaknesses of an industry using a ratio matrix. Porter cluster analysis was employed to visualize and analyze how fostering an environment of competition, economic growth, and development will increase productivity, drive business synergy to the industries that need it the most, and stimulate new businesses with economic potential via the results from our Location Quotient analysis within the Douglas County region. Our concluding recommendations will be based on past literature that has commonalities with our finding, providing policymakers, academics, and stakeholders with a spectrum of information while highlighting the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats framework. Our finding aims to provide big-picture systemic changes that can be implemented within the County rather than individual or micro changes impacting less of the population.

Background: Research on exercise and health promotion has grown significantly, indicating an increasing interest in physical fitness and healthy living among people. Purpose: This study aimed to to provide a comprehensive overview of research on health and sports promotion, identify the field, identify prominent papers and academics, and use keyword analysis to determine the thematic focus. This research hoped to contribute to understanding the emerging dynamics in this interdisciplinary sector. Methods: Bibliometric methods analyse data sets that include publication trends, author information, countries, and newly discovered keywords. This analysis used VOSviewer bibliometric analysis software. The data analysed was 1,850 documents. Results: The results showed a steady increase in publications on sports, physical exercise, and health promotion issues. The reputable publications are those in the “International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health” and “BMC Public Health”. Key phrases, such as “physical activity” and “health promotion” dominate the themes, with the United States and the United Kingdom emerging as important contributors. Conclusion: This study highlighted notable researchers, important sources, and concentrations of subjects in health and exercised promotion research, which underscored its dynamic nature. The knowledge gathered from this bibliometric research contributed to a more complex understanding of this interdisciplinary field’s changing goals and trends. Implications: Thematic concentration and identifying important articles can inspire evidence-based strategies for global health and physical activity promotion, international collaboration, and future research orientation.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has made our surroundings more innovative and responsive, which has improved our lives. This research aims to provide a comprehensive overview by describing the descriptive parameters of publications, visualizing co-authorship and citation patterns, extracting the authors’ keywords, and determining the impact and research performance of the IoT in education. Subsequently, this paper provides an orientation for researchers to understand better the main progress and gaps in this scientific publication. From 2006 to 2021, a comprehensive inspection of 2503 documents in the Scopus database was accomplished. Based on the findings, the number of publications increased steadily, with a hike in publication numbers in 2020. Scholars from China contributed approximately 467 of the total global publications among 103 other countries. In addition, of the other 160 outlets, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing was the most prolific source title. Generally, there is sustained interest and increased research in this field, apart from establishing novel methods and directions. Accordingly, an in-depth examination of the IoT in education research may assist researchers and practitioners in advancing prospective knowledge in this subject by identifying gaps.

Background. Communication in sports requires special attention, especially for athletes who are in direct contact with coaches, spectators, etc. Objectives. Based on an examination of 49 years of papers related to communication with athletes published in diverse scientific documents, we examine developments in the field in this article using bibliometric analysis. This is a bibliometric review of publications related to communication between coaches and or among athletes to identify authors, countries, affiliations, the most relevant sources, and the evolution of scientific results, thematic maps, and keywords. Methods. On February 8, 2023, the metadata search in the Scopus database using the search terms "athlete" and "communication" resulted in a total of 519 documents. Results. The author's keyword "communication" was the one that appeared in the most, with a total of 45 occurrences, followed by "athlete" with 44 and "sport" with 33 occurrences. The keyword "injury" was the newest keyword that came up ten times in 2017-2021 and 2022. On the thematic map, "crisis communication" is a growing topic that should receive researchers' attention. Conclusion. Researchers and scientists interested in this topic might also take advantage of several publications, authors, and trending keywords as references for further research. As a result, sports academics must work on research on the topic of communication in athletes and apply what they learn in training and competition practices.

This study is a quantitative descriptive study that aims to determine the effect of circuit training on volleyball games for students at SMAN 3 Pinrang. The method used is a quantitative survey with data collection techniques using agility, strength and endurance tests. The subjects in this study were 30 students of volleyball at SMAN 3 Pinrang. The data analysis technique used quantitative descriptive analysis which was presented in the form of percentages and requirement tests. Based on the results of the study and discussion, the results of circuit training on volleyball sports for students at SMAN 3 Pinrang were agility of 33.33%, strength of 33.33% and endurance of 33.33%. The results of this study can conclude that the effect of circuit training on volleyball games for students at SMAN 3 Pinrang is the same or homogeneous.

Good performance can be produced from a structured, systematic, and continuous training pattern. However, a lack of calorie intake during exercise will worsen the athlete's performance. Adequate and appropriate calorie intake can help athletes perform well. Eating habits will greatly affect the availability of calories in athletes. This literature review aims to describe the effects of caloric intake and eating habits of athletes from various literature. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is the approach employed. The database is taken from Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science (WOS), and Pubmed. 16 articles were analyzed through purpose, topic suitability, sample, research protocol, results, and discussion. The results of this literature review explain that athletes tend to experience less calorie intake caused by poor eating habits. Low knowledge of nutrition makes athletes practice wrong eating/dieting arrangements by relying on supplement intake to improve performance.