Latin America offers a fruitful breeding ground for producing radical thought and practitioners. With a millenarian history of peoples who developed extraordinarily rich cultures, the Spanish conquest and independence movements wreaked havoc that only now is being overcome by peoples who are now recuperating their heritages and societies. Submerged into this setting, my formation as a radical confirmed Marx's late musings: Those societies that were able to retain and strengthen their communal organizations and mutual responsibilities to themselves and their territories were most likely to be the successful examples of the revolutionaries he struggled to support during his lifetime. This essay offers a glimpse at the path I fashioned during more than one-half century that is spawning some of the new worlds to which radicals must contribute.

Radical Ecological Economics is a more appropriate way for collaboration with communities in the Global South. It transcends the conceptual and methodological premises of Ecological Economics, integrating realities that are not commonly considered, but exist and actively resist throughout the world. The text addresses three major areas: 1) the broadening of the understanding of the social, not only as “the human” but as the encounter of complex structures of organization, of biological and cultural reproduction, of identity reaffirmation and even the search for autonomy in the face of historical oppressions whose leadership is entrusted to a Revolutionary Communitarian Subject; 2) the understanding that, within this social complexity, there are realities that are not generally considered, in which the natural endowment and goods for consumption and enjoyment are not allocated by market mechanisms; where production is organized as part of the social fabric; in which surpluses take multiple material and non-material forms, and are distributed for the common good (human and non-human); and in which socioecological metabolic configurations are nourished by historical cosmovisions that respect the biophysical limits of ecosystems; 3) REE has clear ontological, epistemological, methodological, and political foundations, taking into account a diversity of realities. This formulation offers a comprehensive method to understand the multiple worlds and approaches of millenarian societies that now are forging worlds outside the capitalist model by communities committed to alleviating the multi-scale crisis that afflicts them.

Los objetivos del presente trabajo son, por un lado, mostrar que la relación entre América Latina y el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) es el fiel reflejo de una lucha de clases a escala mundial, donde la correlación de fuerzas internas y externas se ha articulado a lo largo de los años en favor del capital; por el otro, reflexionar sobre las posibilidades concretas que se presentan en la región ante el futuro si ésta pretende revertir esta nefasta historia. El artículo sostiene que el FMI ha cumplido un papel clave en la reconfiguración y la extensión del dominio del capital financiero internacional sobre los recursos productivos de América Latina, a partir de favorecer la consolidación de una clase capitalista local subordinada a los designios y el poder del capital trasnacional.

The International Monetary Fund, part of the Bretton Woods Agreement that helped establish the current rules of the U.S.-dominated international capitalist system, claims to aim for a world of prosperity through so-called free trade. In Latin America, David Barkin and Juan Santarcángelo write, the IMF has contributed to the impoverishment of the working class and destruction of these countries' ecological legacies. But what does the future hold for the IMF in Latin America?

The aim of this paper is: first, to show that the relationship between Latin America and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a faithful reflection of a class struggle on a world scale, where the correlation of internal and external forces has been articulated over the years in favor of capital; second, to analyze the concrete possibilities that the region will face in the future if it intends to reverse this unfavorable history. The paper argues that the IMF has played a key role in the reconfiguration and extension of the dominance of international finance capital over the productive resources of Latin America by favoring the consolidation of a local capitalist class subordinated to the designs and power of transnational capital.

Dominant theories in the social sciences support the developing forces of colonialism and imperi-alism, as well as the consolidation of a "global market," giving rise to ethnocide and environmental devastation on a planetary scale. Instead of denouncing them, it is appropriate to offer another ana-lytical framework to approach an understanding of the peoples who are resisting this dispossession with "very different" visions. These societies are building communal forms of life, rooted in other cosmogonies, recognizing the value of the different contributions of genders, the richness of genera-tional differences, the capacities to self-govern and flourish, the importance of community, without underestimating the meaning of individuality. To address their contributions, a new epistemology is required: Radical Ecological Economics. We begin with La milpa mesoamericana as an example of the profound differences between productivist approaches and those based on the intimate relationship between society and nature. Communality guides deliberate strategies to forge solidarity and well-being with important bonds of mutual support between societies that are continuously incorporating innovations that strengthen them, always aware of the obligation to take care of their environments, designing appropriate socio-ecological metabolisms.

This comprehensive Dictionary brings together an extensive range of definitive terms in ecological economics. Assembling contributions from distinguished scholars, it provides an intellectual map to this evolving subject ranging from the practical to the philosophical.

This comprehensive Dictionary brings together an extensive range of definitive terms in ecological economics. Assembling contributions from distinguished scholars, it provides an intellectual map to this evolving subject ranging from the practical to the philosophical.

Who are the peasants/Indigenous people and what is their role in the history and future of Mexico? Questioning the dominant version of the socio-political dynamics, I start with corn, a grain created in Mesoamerica, to develop one of most admired agroecological systems in the world. It contributes to good nutrition and health, (re)shaping social structures and the territory itself. Today’s communities, transformed into a Communitarian Revolutionary Subject provide a model for post-capitalist societies. I apply the framework of Radical Ecological Economics to illustrate and accompany this dynamic.

The resistance on the extractive frontier has taken diverse forms, including social and political conflicts, and experimentation with alternative scenarios of transformative change. For example, the author begins this chapter by noting that many peasants and Indigenous peoples across the world live in communities that are implementing their own visions of the many new worlds that will be part of the global reorganisation underway. Furthermore, these communities are enriching this local practice with a systematisation of their cosmologies, creating effective models of social, political and environmental organisation that lend authority to their claims to be able to manage their territories autonomously. In this chapter, the author moves beyond the issue of extractivist conflict and resistance to the broader question that has bedevilled the critics and opponents of capitalism throughout the 20th century: the search for an agency of revolutionary change and social transformation. On this point, he advances the argument that the communities on the extractive frontier could possibly or very well serve as an agent of transformative change, reviving the search for and dwindling hopes on the political left for a social force with the capacity to instigate if not lead a process of revolutionary change.

This comprehensive Dictionary brings together an extensive range of definitive terms in ecological economics. Assembling contributions from distinguished scholars, it provides an intellectual map to this evolving subject ranging from the practical to the philosophical.

Indigenous resistance against neoliberalism reveals numerous social transformations and political contributions in the context of a postcolonial transition from the world-system. The Mexican indigenous movement, inspired by the Zapatista rebellion, renewed conversations between the country's diverse indigenous peoples but also established new alliances with non-indigenous sectors of national society in defense of the commons and alternative ways of life to the civilizational order of capital. The radicalism, led by the indigenous peoples in their process of transformation into a social subject deploys new forms of collective action that break with the ideological discourses and narratives of modernity. As in other parts of the global South, communities in Mexico are actively engaged in consolidating their ability to govern themselves, through strategies of autonomy and self-determination, providing a wide variety of services to improve the quality of life of their members, diversifying their productive base and renewing their cultural heritage, while defending and caring for their territories. The indigenous movement is currently experiencing a conceptual and discursive renewal that inverts the assimilationist thesis implicit in the slogan of “Never again a Mexico without us,” from which their historical exclusion in the project of nation was questioned, to “We, without Mexico" that poses a radical questioning of the worn-out model of the nation-state, which assumes as its main objective to think (and act) beyond the State and capital. As part of international networks and alliances, they are engaged in leaving the world-system.

Muchos campesinos e indígenas en México, y gran parte del Sur global, están implementando sus propias visiones de mundos nuevos que serán parte de la reorganización global que ya está en construcción. A diferencia de los debates de épocas pasadas, ahora no cabe duda de que constituyen una fuerza social y económica que está alterando la dinámica social y productiva en numerosos países. En México, continúan produciendo cultivos tradicionales, al tiempo que modifican sus técnicas para incorporar experiencias agroecológicas de otras comunidades, diversifican la producción y protegen el medio ambiente. Recientemente, están enriqueciendo esta práctica local con una sistematización de sus tradiciones y cosmologías heredadas, creando modelos efectivos de organización social, política y ambiental que otorgan autoridad a sus pretensiones de poder gestionar sus territorios de forma autónoma. Existe un creciente cuerpo de literatura científica que corrobora tal capacidad, demostrando que el conocimiento colectivo de las redes globales de comunidades locales es más efectivo para proteger la biodiversidad y atender sus propias necesidades básicas al tiempo que mejora su calidad de vida que la de las sociedades más plenamente integradas en la economía global. En conclusión, describimos cómo estas visiones dan forma a redes internacionales que están definiendo nuevos canales de colaboración, mejorando la calidad de vida y protegiendo a las comunidades de las continuas incursiones de capital.