In this study,19 gluten protein traits of 44 wheat varieties were analyzed.Principal component analysis(PCA),correlation analysis(CA),membership function(MF)and stepwise regression(SR)were used for comprehensive evaluation of wheat gluten protein.The results showed that the variations of disulfide bond content ranged from 3.28 to 6.78 μmol/g,and the variations of sulfhydryl group content ranged from 13.30 to 16.66 μmol/g.The variation range of gluten protein traits was 4.74％to 89.46％,with larger variation coefficients being observed for stabilization time and farinograph quality index,indicating huge variation potential for protein quality traits.Three comprehensive factors were converted from the 19 protein traits by PCA,with contribution rates of 40.80％,19.86％and 15.88％,respectively,and a cumulative contribution rate of 76.54％.PCA classified gluten proteins into three categories including gluten quality traits,aggregation traits and quantitative traits.The comprehensive evaluation value(D-value)of gluten was calculated using the MF method,and the average of the 12 traits with higher PCA loadings were found to be significantly correlated with D-values.Regression equations with seven traits including disulfide bond content,glutenin macropolymer(GMP)content,protein content,dry gluten content,gluten index,tensile area and peak maximum time(PMT)as independent variables were established using SR.There was a good linear relationship between bread quality indexes and D-value,with determination coefficient(R2)between 0.561 4 and 0.771 3,which verified the accuracy and feasibility of D-value.It could be concluded that wheat gluten protein with different gluten strengths exhibited abundant variation potential.It is feasible to comprehensively evaluate gluten protein quality by multivariate statistical analysis.The quantity and quality of gluten protein as well as the content of disulfide bonds in the gluten network could be used as key indexes for the evaluation and improvement of wheat quality.

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of combined nitrogen and phosphorus and reduced fertilizer applications on the growth,nutrient utilization,and yield traits of wheat.The research was conducted through a hydroponic experiment and a field positioning experiment from 2019 to 2021,involving eight main wheat varieties cultivated in southern Shanxi.In the hydroponic experiment,four nitrogen and phosphorus treatments(N 0.2 mmol·L-1+P 0.1 mmol·L-1、N 0.2 mmol·L-1+P 2.5 mmol·L-1、N 4 mmol·L-1+P 0.1 mmol·L-1、N 4 mmol·L-1+P 2.5 mmol·L-1)were applied to preliminarily investigate and screen seedling traits of the different wheat varieties.In the field experiment,the effects of reduced fertilizer application on wheat growth and development,nutrient utilization,and yield were examined throughout different years using three treatments,i.e.,conventional fertilization(CF),reduced fertilizer application(FR),and no fertilizer application(CK).Results showed that under hydroponic conditions,the sample Pinyu 8161 had the lowest plant height,root length,plant dry weight,root dry weight,and root-to-shoot ratio among all wheat varieties in terms of the nitrogen and phosphorus levels.Under low phosphorus conditions,the dry weight increase of Liangxing 67 with normal nitrogen was only 17.07%,while the root dry weight decreased.Moreover,the root cap was relatively low under normal nitrogen and phosphorus conditions.In addition,under normal nitrogen and phosphorus conditions,the root cap was relatively low.Under field production conditions,the yields of Pinyu 8012 and Jimai 22 remained high when the fertilizer application reduced from 2019 to 2020(wet year),showing no significant difference in their yields.In contrast,under the same conditions,the yield of Hannong 1412 was the lowest(only 7 520.18 kg·hm-2)among all varieties.Compared to conventional fertilization,the yields were significantly lower in cultivars of Shannong 20,Zhongmai 4072,and Hannong 1412 with reduced fertilizer application.During the period from 2020 to 2021(dry year)when fertilizer was reduced,the yield of Jimai 22(6 191.53 kg·hm-2)was significantly higher than that of Pinyu 8012 and Shinong 086.Jimai 22 also had a high grain nitrogen accumulation(130.35 kg·hm-2)and phosphorus absorption efficiency(0.79 kg·kg-1).Reducing the application of chemical fertilizers in dry years led to early leaf senescence in the later stages of wheat growth,which significantly reduced the dry matter accumulation during maturation but impacted little on stem morphological characteristics.In summary,when 180.0 kg·hm-2 N,105.0 kg·hm-2 P2O5,and 34.5 kg·hm-2 K2O were applied during wheat growth in the wheat-corn rotation region of Jinnan,and N 60.0 kg·hm-2 N was applied during the jointing period,the yields of cultivars Pinyu 8012 and Jimai 22 were higher in the wet year.Jimai 22 also had the highest yield in the dry year,and reducing the chemical fertilizer improved the storage and re-transportation of dry matter in the nutrient organs of wheat before flowering,as well as the grain yield contribution rate and the thickness of the third internode.However,merely reducing continuous fertilizer application in dry years could lead to varying degrees of instability and unsustainability in wheat yield.Overall,the findings of this study provide more strategies for a stable and efficient cultivation in the wheat region of southern Shanxi.

以3个不同熟期玉米品种和育187(早熟)、迪卡1563(中早熟)和先达6018(中晚熟)为材料,研究其生育进程、叶面积指数、SPAD值、地上部干质量、灌浆过程中百粒质量和单穗鲜质量的变化以及产量的差异,为晋南冷凉区高产、优质玉米的选择提供依据.结果表明,不同熟期玉米品种生育进程不同,生育期表现为和育187＜迪卡1563＜先达6018,生育期延长主要体现在出苗—吐丝营养生长阶段,其次是吐丝—成熟.不同熟期玉米品种苗期和大喇叭口期叶面积指数无显著差异,灌浆期叶面积指数差异达显著水平,表现为和育187＞先达6018＞迪卡1563.3个不同熟期玉米品种均表现为吐丝后54 d棒三叶SPAD值快速下降,其中吐丝后54 d和育187棒三叶SPAD值最高.成熟期茎、叶和籽粒干质量均表现为先达6018＞和育187＞迪卡1563.和育187和迪卡1563单穗鲜质量表现为先升后降,先达6018单穗鲜质量表现为上升趋势;百粒质量的增长速度呈慢—快—慢的变化趋势,3个玉米品种在吐丝后18 d百粒质量差异开始变大,吐丝后54d差距缩小,吐丝后54d和育187百粒质量最高.3个不同熟期玉米品种穗粒数差异显著,以先达6018最高;百粒质量以和育187最高,显著高于其他2个品种;产量表现为先达6018＞和育187＞迪卡1563,差异未达显著水平.

In order to investigate the effects of fertilizer application reduction on wheat yield and quality under drip irrigation conditions,4 wheat varieties mainly promoted in the southern Shanxi wheat region were used as test materials in 2020—2021.A split plot design was adopted,with wheat varieties as the main plot and fertilization modes as the sub plot,to investigate their yield and quality indexes.The results showed that there were differences in the potential for reducing fertilizer application among wheat varieties.The potential for reducing fertilizer application among the 4 wheat varieties was in the order of ’Yannong 1212’＞ ’Jimai 22’＞’Shinong 086’＞ ’Pinyu 8012’,and the wheat yield was mainly limited by population number and 1 000-grain weight.The effects of fertilization rate on the protein components of wheat varied by variety.Proper reduction of fertilizer application was conducive to improving the dough rheology properties of ’Jimai 22’,’Shinong 086’ and ’Yannong 1212’,and thus improving the processing quality of wheat.The experiment showed that reducing fertilizer application during the growth period of winter wheat in the southern region of Shanxi,with a total nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/hm~2,including pure N 180.0 kg/hm~2,P 2 O 5 105.0 kg/hm~2,K20 34.5 kg/hm~2 of base fertilizer,and top dressing pure N 60.0 kg/hm2 during the jointing stage,’Yannong 1212’ and’Jimai 22’ could achieve stable yield and quality improvement,as well as reduced fertilizer application and increased efficiency.

为研究不同苗情小麦生长发育、产量及品质对春季追肥方式的响应,于2021-2022年以10月13日(一类苗)、10月19日(二类苗)、10月28日(三类苗)和11月10日(一根针)播种的小麦为研究对象,在基施复合肥(N、P2O5、K2O含量分别为25％、14％、5％)750 kg/hm2条件下设置不同追肥方式,一、二、三类苗仅追施尿素,其中一类苗拔节期追施135 kg/hm2(N拔135);二类苗设返青期45 kg/hm2+拔节期90 kg/hm2(N返45+N拔90)、拔节期135 kg/hm2(N返0+N拔135)2 个处理;三类苗返青期和拔节期追施,设 45 kg/hm2+75 kg/hm2(N返45+N拔75)、75 kg/hm2+75 kg/hm2(N返75+N拔75)、105 kg/hm2+75 kg/hm2(N返105+N拔75)和不追肥(CK)4个处理;一根针返青期追施尿素和磷酸二铵,尿素设45 kg/hm2(N返45)、75kg/hm2(N返75)、105 kg/hm2(N返105)3个水平,磷酸二铵均施30 kg/hm2和不追肥(CK)4个处理,分析追肥方式对不同苗情小麦生育进程、茎蘖动态、植株干质量、产量及其构成和品质等指标的影响.结果表明,二类苗尿素返青期和拔节期分施有助于提高拔节期和扬花期分蘖数,三类苗追肥处理则对扬花期分蘖数无显著影响,一根针主茎成穗是其主要特征;在基施复合肥750 kg/hm2条件下,二类苗分次与一次性追施产量差异不显著,因此拔节期一次性追施尿素135 kg/hm2较宜;三类苗产量随返青期追肥量增加而增加,尿素以返青期105 kg/hm2+拔节期75 kg/hm2追施产量最高,为8 067.3 kg/hm2,一根针返青期追施75 kg/hm2尿素+30 kg/hm2磷酸二铵产量和品质可以实现同步提高;返青期追肥有利于缩小因晚播导致的产量和产值损失.

为提高晋南高海拔冷凉区玉米品种与光热资源的吻合度,明确中早熟玉米品种和育 187 和迪卡 1563 在当地的适应性,2022 年以蒲县 6 个村为试验点,以当地农户种植品种为对照,调查产量及其构成要素、穗部性状和收获期成熟度.研究认为通过地膜覆盖弥补自然积温不足而种植中晚熟品种不是该区域最佳选择.岔上村、瓷窑河村、木掌村及夏家岭村气温偏高、降雨多的区域,和育 187 增产幅度较大,达 21.42%～91.73%;上柳村海拔较高,气温偏低,和育 187 在收获期乳线比例为88.14%,粒重潜力未充分发挥,导致产量增幅较小,和育 187 和迪卡 1563 分别为 13.61%、5.28%;后沟村肥力差且低温少雨,生育期延迟,导致和育 187 在收获期成熟度差,乳线比例仅为 58.24%,产量显著降低,百粒重为主要限制因子.中早熟品种和育 187在气温偏高、降雨多的冷凉区域具有很好的适应性,而在海拔较高、气温偏低的区域适宜的玉米品种有待进一步筛选.

临麦5311是山西农业大学小麦研究所于2009年以临汾5086为母本、临汾8050为父本经有性杂交后,采用系谱法选育以育成的小麦新品种.该品种株高76～80 cm,穗长7～9 cm,小穗密.一般亩穗数40万～45万穗,穗粒数30～35粒,千粒重42～45 g.该品种群体大、抗冻性强、抗病性好、抗倒性强,适宜在山西省南部水地及黄淮北片同类生态区亩产500 kg以上的高产水地推广种植.

A field experiment was conducted at the Hancun Experimental Base of the Wheat Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, from 2016 to 2021 to explore the effects of different irrigation methods (continuous micro-sprinkler irrigation, SI; continuous drip irrigation, DI; continuous flooding irrigation, FI; and annual rotation of flooding irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation, RI) on the distribution characteristics, stability, and nutrients contents of calcareous brown soil aggregates. After five years of positioning, >0.25 mm aggregates weight percentage of machine-stable aggregates (DR0.25) and water-stable aggregates (WR0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), destruction rate (PAD), fractal dimension (D), and nutrients (organic carbon, available phosphorus, and available potassium) contents of soil water-stable aggregates were determined. In addition, the correlations among the distribution characteristics, stability, and nutrients contents of soil water-stable aggregates were analyzed. The main results were as follows: 1) In the 0–10 cm soil layer, the dominant particle sizes of mechine-stable soil aggregates of treatments SI, DI, and RI were 0.5–1 mm, that of treatment FI was <0.25 mm. In the 10–20 cm soil layer, the dominant particle sizes of mechine-stable soil aggregates of treatments DI, FI, and RI were > 5 mm, while that of treatment SI was 0.5–1 mm; that for all treatments were > 5 mm in the 20–50 cm soil layer. The dominant particle size of the water-stable aggregate of the four treatments was <0.25 mm in the 0–50 cm soil layer, but the highest percentage of weight was observed in FI. 2) SI and DI effectively increased WR0.25, reduced D, and resulted in higher MWD and GMD overall in the 0–50 cm soil layer, as well as decreased PAD in the 30–50 cm soil layer compared to FI and RI. However, the aggregates stability indices of treatments FI and RI were largely affected by the soil depth. 3) Compared to FI and RI, SI and DI resulted in higher contents of organic carbon, available phosphorus, and available potassium in soil water-stable macro-aggregates (>0.25 mm), and had obvious advantages in increasing available phosphorus content in the 0–30 cm soil layer and available potassium content in the 30–50 cm soil layer. 4) The results of the correlation analysis showed that the relationships between soil depth, WR0.25, MWD, GMD, PAD, D, and nutrients (organic carbon, available phosphorus, and available potassium) contents of soil water-stable macro-aggregates were significant (P<0.05) or extremely significant (P<0.01). Overall, SI and DI were more advantageous in improving the structure and properties of soil, promoting the formation of soil macro-aggregates, and increasing the level of stability and nutrients contents of water-stable aggregates, and should be popularized and applied.

旨在验证面筋聚集仪测定快速评价小麦品质的可行性,建立基于聚集仪测试的小麦品质性状综合评价方法.采用常规品质测定法和面筋聚集仪法测定81份不同小麦品种中33个品质特性指标,利用主成分分析法对其进行综合品质评价.运用正交偏最小二乘法验证综合品质评价模型及其与面筋聚集仪测定指标的关系,分析其变量投影重要性及相关性.结果表明,33个品质性状在品种间都存在广泛的遗传变异,其中启动能量、稳定能量、稳定时间、拉伸面积、最大拉伸阻力的变异系数均在60％以上.主成分分析结果表明,提取的6个主成分累计贡献率高达84.221％,可综合反映小麦品质信息,构建小麦综合品质评价函数:Y=0.283F1+0.214F2+0.183F3+0.130F4+0.122F5+0.066 3F6,其中峰前值和峰后值与综合品质评价得分的R2分别为0.706 1和0.739 2.18个显著影响小麦综合品质的指标间的相关性分析表明,面筋聚集仪测定指标与籽粒品质、面团的流变学特性之间呈显著或极显著相关性.该研究验证了使用面筋聚集仪快速评价小麦品质的可行性,为准确、快速了解小麦品质、品质评价标准建立及品质调控提供参考和依据.

为有效评价不同强筋小麦品种加工品质的差异,以65个强筋小麦品种（系）为研究对象,对其籽粒、面粉及面团品质特性进行分析,在主成分分析基础上,利用隶属函数法对供试材料进行品质评价,并利用聚类分析法对其分类。结果表明,在20个品质评价指标中,容重的变异系数最小（1.36%）,面团形成时间的变异系数最大（62.90%）。千粒重与稳定时间、拉伸面积等参数极显著负相关;湿面筋含量与籽粒蛋白含量、沉降值极显著正相关,与面筋指数极显著负相关;面筋指数与面团参数（弱化度除外）极显著正相关。主成分分析将20个性状综合成5个主成分因子,累计贡献率达到82.437%;其中,第1、2主成分的贡献率较高（33.083%、25.111%）,分别代表了面团及蛋白质因子。综合评价得分高的品种有6个,为师栾02-1、新麦26、藁优5766、科兴3302、鲁研1403、陕农33,可作为品质改良的亲本材料加以利用。65个材料可分为5个类群,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群的籽粒品质较好;第Ⅲ类群的面团品质最佳;第Ⅳ类群的籽粒、面粉及面团的综合性状较好;第Ⅴ类群的籽粒蛋白与面筋含量最高。

高产优质高效生态栽培是现代农业的发展目标,水肥一体化技术是实现这一目标的有效手段,其为国家粮食安全和农业可持续发展做出了重要贡献.微喷(滴)灌水肥一体化技术在小麦栽培上可实现节水30％～40％、节肥20％～30％以及增产15％～30％,水分和肥料利用率分别提高40％～60％和30％～50％;同时可改善小麦籽粒品质,减少100cm以下土层NO3-N积累,降低氮肥淋失风险,以及缓解土壤中N2O气体向大气排放.本文概述了水肥一体化技术及国内外发展现状,并对微喷(滴)灌水肥一体化技术对小麦产量、品质、水肥利用率及水肥运移规律、N2O气体排放等方面的影响进行综述,为水肥一体化技术从"高端农业"走向普遍、从设施农业走向大田提供参考.

探讨有机肥与化肥配施对旱地小麦产量、品质和水分利用率的影响，为黄土丘陵区旱地麦田有机肥替代化肥比例和减小年际间产量波动提供理论依据。于2017—2019年，定位研究了常量化肥（B）、猪粪替代常量化肥（A1B1，替代20%；A1B2，替代30%；A1B3，替代40%）和羊粪替代常量化肥（A2B1，替代20%；A2B2，替代30%；A2B3，替代40%）对旱地小麦产量及其构成、籽粒营养品质和面粉加工品质、水分利用率的影响。结果表明，与仅施常量化肥相比，化肥减量配施有机肥可提高旱地小麦产量、籽粒容重、硬度指数、蛋白质含量和面粉沉降值，有机肥替代适量化肥可提高水分利用率。猪粪和羊粪在不同年型下对产量和水分利用率效应有差异，其中猪粪在丰水年但生育期阶段性干旱且春季遭遇冻害年型下，可提高旱地小麦成穗数和穗粒数，较羊粪配施化肥增产，且提高了水分利用率；羊粪在干旱年份但关键生育期均有降水且休闲期贮水量较高的年型下，可提高成穗数，较猪粪配施化肥增产，水分利用率也提高。有机肥替代常量化肥比例因有机肥种类而有差异，其中猪粪替代20%常量化肥最好，2年度分别较仅施常量化肥增产39.76%和2.46%，2018年度水分利用率提高4.91 kg/（hm2·mm）；羊粪替代40%常量化肥最好，2年度分别较仅施常量化肥增产18.88%和2.28%，水分利用率分别提高2.57，12.68 kg/（hm2·mm）。本试验的2个年型下，化肥减量配施猪粪或羊粪可提高旱地小麦产量和水分利用率，改善小麦品质，同时耕层土壤有机质含量提高。山西南部丘陵区雨养旱地麦田，猪粪替代20%常量化肥或羊粪替代40%常量化肥，是实现小麦高产稳产及提质增效的化肥减施和有机替代模式。

针对旱地小麦高产稳产性差、品质不稳定等问题,2008—2019年在山西省临汾市尧都区旱地进行优质抗旱稳产型小麦品种筛选、适时耕作、分次施磷、有机肥配施、小麦适播期田间大区试验和示范应用.结果表明,在旱地小麦生产中,宜选用成穗数、穗粒数和千粒质量至少两因素较高且三因素协调的优质品种;8月上中旬深翻,有利于纳雨蓄墒,增加土壤蓄水量;深翻和播种时,各施50％磷肥处理的小麦产量和水分利用率最高;在山西省丘陵旱地区,小麦的适播期在9月28日至10月4日;施羊粪22.5 t/hm2、N 150 kg/hm2、P2O5105 kg/hm2时增产效果最好,施猪粪22.5 t/hm2、N 105 kg/hm2、P2O575 kg/hm2时增产效果较好,小麦的形成时间和稳定时间最长.经2017—2019年示范应用,该集成技术较采用传统技术的对照田增产最高达95.3％.

为探讨提高旱地麦田休闲期土壤蓄水保水能力、保证旱地小麦稳产高产的有效途径,本研究采用双因素裂区试验,主区为耕作方式(深松、深翻和旋耕),副区为保水剂施用量(0、45、90 kg·hm-2),研究了耕作方式和施用保水剂对土壤含水量、土壤养分、旱地小麦产量和水分利用率的影响,并分析了土壤含水量、生育期耗水量与旱地小麦产量及其构成因素和水分利用率之间的相关关系.结果表明,与休闲期旋耕相比,休闲期深松提高了播前20～160 cm 土层的土壤含水量,休闲期深翻提高了播前0～20 cm和60～140 cm 土层的土壤含水量,加速了收获期20～200 cm 土层的水分利用;并通过增加穗数和穗粒数使旱地小麦产量分别提高了 12.63％和6.88％,显著提高了水分利用率和降水利用率,20～40 cm 土层有机质、碱解氮、速效磷含量总体提高.休闲期耕作,配施保水剂45 kg·hm-2显著提高了旱地小麦休闲期蓄水保水能力、水分利用率和产量.休闲期深松增产效果和提高水分利用率效果优于休闲期深翻.旱地小麦产量和降水利用率与播前60～120 cm 土层含水量呈正相关.本研究结果为晋南旱地小麦优化耕作方式和保水剂施用量提高产量和水分利用率提供了理论依据,对旱地小麦稳产高产、减小年际间产量波动具有重要意义.

为探究主成分分析法在小麦品种(系)品质评价应用的可行性,利用主成分分析方法,对2009—2018年10个年度参加我国黄淮冬麦区北片水地国家区试的172个冬小麦品种(系)品质指标进行了分析和综合评价.结果显示,第1主成分主要包含稳定时间、拉伸面积和最大阻力,反映面团流变学特性,其累计贡献率为44.186％;第2主成分主要包含籽粒蛋白和面粉湿面筋含量,反映小麦蛋白质特性,前2项主成分累计贡献率为70.261％;第3主成分主要包含容重和吸水率,前3项主成分累计贡献率为85.646％,前3项主成分足以代表原指标信息,其中,稳定时间、拉伸面积和最大拉伸阻力权重系数达到0.9以上,因此,稳定时间、拉伸面积和最大拉伸阻力是影响小麦品质的主要因素.主成分分析可以用于小麦品种(系)品质的综合评价.

为鉴定强筋小麦品种晋麦92号低分子麦谷蛋白亚基Glu-A3基因,利用一套Glu-A3位点的特异低分子麦谷蛋白亚基STS分子标记引物,对晋麦92号及其亲本品种/系(晋麦33、临优6148)进行检测,该标记包含7对特异性引物,可快速、准确检测Glu-A3位点的7种等位变异类型(Glu-A3a/b/c/d/e/f/g),结果表明:晋麦92号含有Glu-A3c基因.由于Glu-A3c可影响面筋强度,可初步判断晋麦92号的强筋品质性状由Glu-A3c基因所决定.

为探究微喷灌水肥一体化条件下小麦氮磷钾肥的合理用量及施用方式,以小麦品种良星99为试验材料,在磷钾肥减量30％和常规施肥量条件下各设置3种施肥方式,以传统大水漫灌撒施肥料的方式及用量为对照(CK),研究磷钾肥减施及施用方式对产量及养分利用的影响.结果 表明,常规施肥(CK)相比,微喷灌水肥一体化磷钾肥减施30％(氮肥70％底施+30％拔节期追施、钾肥全部底施、磷肥50％底施+50％拔节期追施)条件下产量提高1 1.33％,成熟期植株氮、磷、钾积累量分别提高21.86％、10.02％和10.23％.与传统栽培模式及微喷灌常量施肥相比,利用微喷灌水肥一体化技术生育期灌水3次(越冬水+拔节水+灌浆水),灌水量1 500 m3·hm-2,磷钾肥减施30％条件下,磷肥50％底施+50％拔节期追施能够提高小麦产量、成熟期植株氮磷钾积累量、偏生产力及产投比.本研究结果为山西省南部小麦节水节肥稳产高效栽培技术提供了理论依据.

品育8012是由山西省农业科学院小麦研究所2006年以临优20165为母本、济麦22为父本,通过人工杂交后经过多年系谱法单株选择育成的抗白粉病而且高产的小麦新品种.2015--2016、2016-2017年度参加山西省南部中熟冬麦区水地组区域试验,2a平均产量为8 474.5 kg/hm2,较对照品种良星99增产6.4％,增产点率达100％;2016-2017年度参加山西省南部中熟冬麦区水地组生产试验,平均产量为8 421.0 kg/hm2,比对照品种良星99增产7.6％,增产点率达100％;2018年12月通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号为晋审麦20180001).品育8012适宜在山西省南部中熟冬麦区水地推广种植.

Under the same irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate and after the corn stalks being returned to the field in the wheat-corn crop rotation area, we examined the effects of the integrated water and nitrogen mode of micro-sprinkler irrigation on the growth and development and water and fertilizer use efficiency of winter wheat. In 2016-2018, we conducted a two-year field experiment with six types of micro-sprinkler irrigation water and nitrogen integration modes and seven treatments during the growth period, and investigated the population dynamics, dry matter accumulation transfer during the filling period, and nutrient accumulation during the mature period. There were three modes of irrigation, W1(overwintering water + jointing water + grouting water, 600 m3·hm-2 for each), W2(overwintering water + regreening water + jointing water + grouting water, each for 450 m3·hm-2), and W3(600 m3·hm-2 each for overwintering water and jointing water, and 300 m3·hm-2 each for regreening water and grouting water); two modes of nitrogen application, N1(basic nitrogen application 60% + jointing water nitrogen topdressing 40%) and N2 (basic nitrogen application 60% + jointing water nitrogen topdressing 30% + grouting water nitrogen topdressing 10%); with no fertilization under W1 as control (CK). The results showed that: 1) The amount of overwintering water irrigation increased from 450 m3·hm-2to 600 m3·hm-2, which was beneficial to the total number of both stems and panicles in the overwintering period and consequently to yield. Irrigation in the regreening stage increased the total number of stems at the jointing stage, but with limited effect on the number of panicles. Applying more nitrogen at the jointing stage increased the number of stems per plant, but decreased that of panicles. 2) Four times of irrigation (W2 and W3) during the growth period, combined with nitrogen (N2) in the jointing and filling phases, were conducive to the accumulation of dry matter during the filling period, increasing the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight, thereby increasing yield. 3) Compared with the three times of irrigation treatment during the growth period, water consumption and absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under the four times of irrigation treatment were increased, and water and fertilizer use efficiency was improved. In W2 and W3 under the treatment of four times irrigation, water consumption of N2 during the growth period was lower than N1, absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were higher than N1, and the irrigation and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were significantly improved, of which W3N2 had the best effect. Therefore, W3N2 treatment (sowing winter wheat after returning corn stalks to the field, irrigating four times during the growth period of micro-sprinkler irrigation, increasing the amount of overwintering water and jointing water irrigation to 600 m3·hm-2, combined with jointing water and filling water topdressing nitrogen fertilizer) increased spike number and 1000-grain weight of wheat andincreased yield, with the highest water and fertilizer use efficiency. It was the best water and nitrogen management mode for the integration of micro-sprinkler irrigation and water and fertilizer for winter wheat in southern Shanxi.

为研究近20年来山西省审定小麦品种的农艺性状和品质性状的演变情况,以1997-2018年山西省审定的175个小麦品种为研究对象,总结分析其农艺性状和品质指标的演化规律.结果 表明,山西省近20年来审定品种产量水平呈显著上升趋势;株高呈下降趋势,但中部冬麦区水地审定品种株高过高,有倒伏风险;产量三因素中,穗粒数稳步提升,南部中熟冬麦区品种的穗粒数均高于中部晚熟冬麦区品种,千粒重变化不明显,但“十三五”时期审定的旱地品种千粒重下降明显,单位面积穗数呈显著上升趋势.山西省近年来审定品种品质性状没有显著变化,籽粒蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值和稳定时间均没有显著提高.山西省今后一段时间的育种目标仍然是品质与产量的协同提高,水地品种应在保证穗数和粒重的基础上加强穗粒数的选择,旱地品种应注重穗粒数和粒重的选择.