An overview of the development and performance of a special high precision multi-ratio three-stage CT and its application for loss measurements of EHV three-phase shunt reactors with test voltages up to a phase voltage of 1100 kV at Royal SMIT Transformers are presented and discussed. It features current ratios of 500 A/1 A, 400 A/1 A, 300 A/1 A, 200 A/1 A, and 100 A/1 A with ratio errors within 3 x 10(-6) in both magnitude and phase with burdens up to 1.0 Omega and at power frequencies of 50-60 Hz.

A three-phase reference system for in-situ calibration of High Voltage (HV) Revenue Metering Systems in substations has been established. It consists of a high-accuracy three-phase power meter, including corresponding current and voltage transformers (CTs and VTs). The reference system is capable of performing power measurements up to 150 kV system voltage and line currents up to 5000 A. The excellent results of the calibration and further testing of power meter, CTs, and VTs indicate that an overall system uncertainty of better than 100μW/VA can be achieved.

An overview of the development and performance of special high precision multi-ratio three-stage CT and its application for loss measurement of EHV three-phase shunt reactors with AC test voltages up to 1100 kV at Royal SMIT Transformers are presented and discuss. It features current ratios of 500A/1A, 400A/1A, 300A/1A, 200A/1A, and 100A/1A with ratio errors within 3x10(-6) in both magnitude and phase with burdens up to 1.0 Omega and at power frequencies of 50 Hz - 60 Hz.

This paper describes the results of performance evaluation of ratio errors of a high voltage current transformer (CT) and a high voltage combined current and voltage transformer (CT/VT) with the aim of discovering the behavior of the CT ratio errors at different operating high voltages, different power factor loads on the transmission line in which the CT (or CT part of the CT/VT) was connected and the effects of the VT burden (in case of the CT/VT).

This paper proposes an open-loop technique that mitigates the harmonic distortion in high load currents for on-site system calibrations of high voltage transformer loss measurement systems. The harmonic distortion induced by the current transconductance amplifier and current injector poses high burden on the feedback current correction loop and thus may compromise the measurement accuracy. Accordingly, a harmonic mitigation technique is introduced through online system identification and open-loop anti-harmonic injection. This methodology significantly reduces the THD in the load current from 0.3% to less than 0.022%.

From 2010 to 2012, a key comparison of energy standards at 50/60 Hz was conducted in the SIM region. The comparison included measurements of active and reactive energy at three frequencies, aiming at providing support to high accuracy measurement needs of reactive energy. This work presents the results of the SIM.EM-S7 supplementary comparison. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report . Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/ . The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

An absolute method for determining the dissipation factor (DF) of a capacitor connected to a series resistor without the use of a reference capacitor with a known DF is described. The principle of the absolute measurement is based on the “elimination” of DF value of a reference capacitor by subtracting reading values from two successive measurements. This method was applied to the calibration of DF within a range of 1 × 10 -5 to 1 × 10 -2 at voltages up to 1 kV The verification of this method was confirmed by comparing the obtained values of DF with that measured by a known calibrated multi-frequency capacitance meter.

This paper describes the traceable measurement of no-load losses of high voltage transmission lines, including actual no-load loss measurements of 220 kV transmission lines in coastal Peru. The measurement methodology and the evaluation of the no-load losses are discussed in the paper. The development of a new measurement methodology to allow for future live line connections is also described.

Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) coupled with Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) are enabling technologies to allow their advanced applications to generate functions for enhancing SMART GRID operation. The application of these technologies and their traceability issues, including their corresponding functions, for enhancing SMART GRID operation will be presented at the conference.

Some of the errors in transducers such as instrument transformers can be corrected as part of the digital processing for the measurement. The instrument transformer can be characterized in such a way that allows the Transducer Electronic Data Sheet of IEEE Std 1451 to transfer the information to the measurement system. A modification would allow the measurement system to perform a high-quality self-calibration whenever a transducer was replaced. That levies requirements on the characterization accuracy of the instrument transformer.

A proposal to establish a system for calibration of harmonic power analyzers is discussed, including its test protocol of calibration test points and other relevant considerations.

A further investigation for the new approach to overcome the transient effect is reported. Applicability of anti-aliasing filter in ADC is checked. A multi-period strategy is proposed in DAC with its benefits.

mA CTs are not addressed by either IEC or IEEE standards. They are used in power/energy measurement systems in large apartment buildings or shopping centers. This paper describes the establishment of mA CT calibration system at KTL and its comparison with NRC.

A sampling current ratio measurement system has been developed, tested, and validated for the accurate complex ratio measurement of ac current transducers. Calibrations can be performed for primary currents up to 10 kA with typical expanded uncertainties of 5 · 10 -6 in magnitude and 5 μrad in phase (k = 2). A unique property of the system is the use of digitizers for sampling of the secondary current signals and step-down transformers with a large number of current ratios. Therefore, the system does not require the current transducer under test to be a current transformer having a nominal ratio equal to the reference current transformer. Furthermore, it allows for the accurate calibration of a large variety of different current transformers and other types of current transducers. A bilateral comparison between VSL and NRC confirms the stated uncertainty.

This paper presents the results of a comparison of active/reactive power meter calibrations between the National Institute of Standards and Technology and National Research Council. The comparison was implemented using a transfer standard consisting of a highly stable commercial sampling-type power/energy meter. Active and reactive power measurements were made at 120 V, 5 A, 50 Hz, and 60 Hz. For active power, the measurements were made at applied current phase angles of 0°, +60°, and -60°. For reactive power, the measurements were made at applied current phase angles of +60°, +90°, -60°, and -90° . The results of the comparison indicate agreement to within the stated uncertainties of the participants.

An overview of traceability issues of loss measurements of extra high voltage three-phase shunt reactors is presented. Loss measurements of a 345-kV-55-MVAr three-phase shunt reactor at Royal SMIT Transformers, including their uncertainties, are presented and discussed. The measurement results are confirmed with those obtained using a special high-voltage inductance bridge.

Under the auspices of the Committee Consultative of Electromagnetism, CCEM, the SIM Electromagnetic Working Group carried out a key comparison of power standards at 50/60 Hz. This key comparison, identified as SIM.EM-K5, aims to provide a link to various NMIs in the SIM region to the CCEM-K5 key comparison on 50/60 Hz power completed in 2001 and piloted by NIST. Measurements in the SIM.EM-K5 comparison were carried out from May 2010 to March 2012, including testing points of active and reactive power. CENAM was the pilot laboratory.Differences between the measurement results of the participating laboratories and the reference value of this key comparison, calculated at each of all the testing points, show a good infrastructure of national standards of measurement of electric power in the SIM region.Based on previous work, a link has been estimated between the results of the CCEM-K5 and the SIM.EM-K5 key comparisons, whose results were reported in 2002 and 2014, respectively. From the link it is shown that the measurement results of SIM.EM-K5 comparison are well supported.The SIM.EM-K5 comparison is a rewording exercise of comparison of the national standards of measurement as recommended by the CIPM. The participating laboratories are fully recommended for their enthusiastic participation in the comparison. Their individual efforts to maintain the national standards of power measurement are acknowledged.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).

The application of a binary step-up method has been investigated at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) for establishment of high dc standards based on the calibration system of high dc shunts up to a few thousand amperes in which the current dependence of the shunt resistance can be measured. A successive step-up method with a pair of high dc shunts was suggested to link the unknown high current to the values of low current level which are already known. The step-up approach was further modified with employing a current monitor to extract the information on the current dependence of the shunt and the source current changes during the step-up measurement. To validate the modified step-up technology, a comparison of high dc shunt resistance was carried out with National Research Council (NRC) in which both the KRISS and the NRC results agreed well within the standard deviation of the measurement on the order of about 0.01%.