study aimed to assess the productive performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs fed corn grain silage rehydrated with different solutions. Twenty-eight Santa In & ecirc;s ram lambs, approximately 75 days of age and with an average weight of 17.05 +/- 3.75 kg, were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: dried corn grains (control); whey-rehydrated corn grain silage; water-rehydrated corn grain silage; and water + additive-rehydrated corn grain silage. For animal performance, dry matter intake, average daily weight gain, and feed conversion were evaluated. After 76 days on feedlot, with an average body weight of 31.76 +/- 3.44 kg, animals were slaughtered and carcass yield and morphometric measurements were measured. Particle size selection was evaluated by the Penn State Particle Separator for the refusals. Silage samples were also analyzed for pH, buffer capacity, and ammonia nitrogen content. Performance results were not affected by dietary treatments. On the other hand, differences were observed for dry matter intake per unit of metabolic weight, in which whey-rehydrated corn grain silage (69.58 kg/LW0.75) and dried corn grains (76.21 kg/LW0.75) exhibited the lowest intakes. The overall mean for dry matter intake was 0.949 kg/day. Since there were no differences in the results for performance and carcass characteristics of the animals among the experimental diets, the use of rehydrated silage is not recommended, as it could increase production costs when compared with dry corn grain. Regarding the lower feed intake observed when rehydrated corn grain silage with whey was used, further studies need to be carried out.

Avaliou-se o flushing alimentar sobre a eficiência reprodutiva em 60 ovelhas Santa Inês, distribuídas em três grupos: (1) sem suplementação, (2) 0,50% e (3) 1,00% de suplementação do peso corporal. O suplemento continha milho, farelo de soja, aveia, calcário, fosfato bicálcico, mistura mineral, ureia e levedura, administrado três semanas antes e durante o acasalamento, que perdurou por 46 dias. Peso, condição corporal e ganho de peso foram medidos no início e no fim do período de alimentação. A produção de leite, o peso dos borregos e as medições biométricas foram registados até o desmame. A suplementação não afetou significativamente o peso das ovelhas, os índices de condição corporal ou produção de leite. As percentagens de nascimentos gemelares foram de 19%, 52,9% e 44,4% (P=0,08), respectivamente, para o grupo sem suplementação e para os grupos que receberam suplementos (0,50% e 1,00%). Durante a análise, constatou-se que o peso do cordeiro e as medidas biométricas não foram significativamente afetados pelo tratamento materno ou pelo sexo do cordeiro. Os borregos nascidos de partos simples eram mais pesados que os de partos gemelares (p<0,05), mas os pesos combinados dos gêmeos ao desmame eram mais elevados. As ovelhas com gêmeos tenderam (p<0,09) a ser mais eficientes do que aquelas com partos simples, desmamando 41 kg de cordeiros por 100 kg de peso corporal, em comparação com 36 kg nas ovelhas com nascimento único. Concluiu-se que o flushing não afetou o peso da ovelha nem a produção de leite, mas aumentou a taxa de nascimentos de gêmeos, melhorando a eficiência reprodutiva.

Different sources of roughage can influence carcass and meat characteristics during beef production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing sorghum silage with increasing levels of triticale silage on carcass traits, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of Braford heifers. Twenty-four Braford heifers were fed feedlots with diets containing either sorghum silage or triticale silage, replacing 30%, 60%, or 100% of the roughage portion with sorghum silage. The animals were slaughtered after 63 days of feeding, and their carcass characteristics, meat composition, and fatty acid profiles were evaluated. Data were analyzed using the F-test at a 5% significance level, and treatment means were compared using Tukey's test. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in carcass traits at any level of triticale silage inclusion. Similarly, the chemical composition of the Longissimus lumborum muscle and the fatty acid composition of the meat were not affected (p > 0.05). These results suggested that triticale silage can fully replace sorghum silage (up to 100% roughage) in feedlot diets for Braford heifers without negatively affecting carcass traits, meat, or lipid composition.

Radioactive sealed sources are commonly used as level gauges in the steel production process. Stainless steel is widely employed as the encapsulation material for these sources used in the harsh environments of steel plants. This study conducted tests on sealed source prototypes manufactured at the Nuclear Technology Development Center (CDTN). Specialized tools were designed and manufactured at CDTN to carry out the tests recommended by ISO 2919:2014 standards. The prototypes remained leak-tight after all tests were carried out.

Additive manufacturing using fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF), commonly known as 3D printing, has become a popular method for prototyping method as it allows complex parts to be produced at a lower cost. Although FDM parts are increasingly being used in experimental analyses in all areas of engineering, there is limited information on their effects on fluid flow and how they compare with conventionally manufactured parts. This work is a cautionary tale for those using 3D printing for hydraulic testing and highlights the characteristics that can affect thermal-hydraulic analysis. Experimental investigations have been performed using perforated plates that are commonly used in hydraulic circuits fabricated by FDM and milling processes. In this study, precision-engineered perforated plates attached to an acrylic test section were used to measure the pressure drops caused by polylactic acid-printed and acrylic-milled plates. A 2D Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) was used to analyze the fluid dynamics. High-precision dimensional and roughness measurements were performed to evaluate the effects of these parameters on the fluid flow. The results show that the pressure drop and velocity profiles of the FDM parts differ from those of their conventionally manufactured counterparts owing to the small differences inherent in the 3D printing process. These differences can be attributed to the geometric deviation, smaller average diameter, roughness, and the effect of the rounded edges on the perforated plate holes. It was also shown that milling the surface of the 3D printed part can reduce the rounded edge effect, but this can defeat the purpose of having a 3D printed part in a study. The conclusion from this exercise is that all dimensional characteristics of 3D printed parts should be carefully measured and assessed, especially when the data obtained are used to validate computational fluid dynamics simulations.

Neutron moderation characteristics and manufacturing viability of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) spheres were studied using a 6LiI(Eu) scintillator detector and a commercial 3D printer with FDM-type extruder. Response functions (RFs) for the detector with ABS spheres of varying diameters were calculated with the Monte Carlo (MC) code MCNPX and compared with RFs obtained for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) spheres. Designed ABS spheres were produced and irradiated with 241Am–Be neutron beams to validate MC simulations.

Anais da Semana Nacional de Engenharia Nuclear e da Energia e Ciências das Radiações (978-85-5722-483-4) - Influence Of Manufacturing Parameters In The Pressure Drop And Turbulence In Prototyping Parts Assesment: One Hole Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) condensed tannin on performance, dry matter intake, blood parameters, and identification and quantification of the rumen protozoa population at fasting and after feeding of feedlot lambs. Sixteen Santa Ines intact ram lambs and sixteen Santa Ines ewe lambs were distributed and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with different doses of condensed tannin (0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 %) in the concentrate, on a feedlot system. No significant treatment effect (P > 0.05) was observed for growth performance, dry matter intake, and blood parameters. No significant effects of treatment (P > 0.05), phase (fasting and after feeding) (P > 0.05), and interaction between treatment and phase (P > 0.05) were observed for total and differential protozoa percentage. However, differences were observed for total and differential protozoa count. A quadratic effect (P = 0.03) was observed for total counts of Diplodiniinae in the rumen fluid of animals fed 3 % of condensed tannin. A phase effect was observed for counts of Isotricha spp, Entodinium spp. Diplodiniinae, and total protozoa count with higher numbers observed at fasting when compared to after feeding. Results of this research suggest that up to 3 % of black wattle condensed tannin in the diet of lambs does not affect dry matter intake, animal performance, and blood parameters.

Anais da Semana Nacional de Engenharia Nuclear e da Energia e Ciências das Radiações (978-85-5722-483-4) - Aplicação Da Análise De Modos De Falhas E Efeitos Ao Sistema Elétrico Do Dispositivo De Movimentação Da Cápsula De Irradiação Do Reator Multipropósito Brasileiro

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo, parâmetros do plasma sanguíneo e medidas morfométricas de cordeiros confinados Santa Inês e Dorper, castrados e não castrados, abatidos com diferentes espessuras de gordura subcutânea (EGS) avaliadas por ultrassonografia in vivo. Foram utilizados 69 cordeiros machos de dois grupos genéticos, sendo 34 Santa Inês e 35 Dorper. Destes, metade de cada grupo foi castrado. Os abates e o tempo de confinamento foram da seguinte forma: Dorper com 1,5 mm de EGS: 27 dias; Santa Inês com 1,5 mm EGS: 39 dias; Santa Inês e Dorper com 2,7 mm EGS: 84 dias e Santa Inês e Dorper com 4,4 mm de EGS: 130 dias de confinamento. Não houve diferença no ganho médio diário de peso (GMDP) entre raças, obtendo-se médias de 0,265 kg dia-1para os cordeiros Santa Inês e 0,263 kgdia-1 para Dorper. Para a condição sexual, os cordeiros não castrados (GMDP = 0,280 kg) ganharam mais peso que os castrados (GMDP = 0,248 kg). A velocidade de crescimento foi maior nos machos não castrados, devido à ação anabólica do hormônio testosterona. O consumo de MS e nutrientes aumentou com o aumento da EGS, sendo mais expressivo nos cordeiros abatidos com 6 mm de EGS, os quais apresentaram pior conversão alimentar (6,06). Os cordeiros não castrados apresentaram maiores valores finais de testosterona que os castrados (2,69 vs. 0,51 ng mL-1). Cordeiros da raça Dorper e Santa Inês devem ser abatidos com espessura de gordura subcutânea de 3 mm. Palavras-chave: Consumo. Ovinos. Testosterona. Ultrassonografia. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance, blood plasma parameters and morphometric measurements of Santa Ines and Dorper confined lambs, castrated and uncastrated, slaughtered with different subcutaneous fat thicknesses (SFT) evaluated by in vivo ultrasonography. Were used sixty nine male lambs of two genetic groups, thirty four Santa Ines and thirty five Dorper. Of these, half of each group was castrated. The slaughterings and the confinement time were as follows: Dorper with 0 mm SFT: twenty seven days; Santa Ines with 0 mm SFT: thirty nine days; Santa Ines and Dorper with 3 mm SFT: eighty four days and Santa Ines and Dorper with 6 mm SFT: one hundred and thirty days of confinement. There was no difference in daily weight gain (DWG) for breeds, obtaining averages of 0.265 kg day-1 for lambs Santa Ines and 0.263 kg day-1 for Dorper. For the sexual status, uncastrated animals (DWG=0.280 kg) gained more weight than castrated animals (DWG=0.248 kg). The growth rate is higher in uncastrated males, due to the anabolic action of the hormone testosterone. Consumption of DM and nutrients increased according to the increase in SFT, being more expressive for animals slaughtered with 6 mm SFT, which presented worse feed conversion (6.06). Uncastrated animals had higher final testosterone values than castrated animals (2.69 vs. 0.51 ng mL-1). Dorper and Santa Ines lambs should be slaughtered with a 3 mm subcutaneous fat thickness. Keywords: Consumption. Sheep. Testosterone. Ultrasonography

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding discarded pecan seeds on intake, performance, carcass components, and quality attributes of meat from ewe and ram lambs. Twenty-four intact ram lambs and twenty ewe lambs 3.56 +/- 0.55 months old weighing 18.01 +/- 1.86 kg were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (0%, 3%, 6%, or 9% inclusion of discarded pecan seeds). After 73 days, at 5.28 +/- 0.45 months old with an average body weight of 31.76 +/- 3.44 kg, animals were slaughtered. The inclusion of 6% and 9% of pecans increased the deposition of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the lean. Dietary treatments did not affect performance, hot and cold carcass weights, cooling loss, pH, lipid stability, WBSF, color parameters, cooking loss, and proximate values. Lower dry matter intake was observed for animals fed 9% of discarded pecans when compared to animals fed no pecans. Meat from animals fed no pecan seeds was more tender and juicer than lamb fed pecans. Sex affected intake, final body weight, average daily gain, fatty acid profile, color, and fat content. Greater levels of margaric and oleic acids were observed in the lean of ewe lambs whereas meat from rams had greater values of linoleic acid. Atherogenicity, thrombogenicity, and hypocholesterolemia/hypercholesterolemia indeces were not affected by dietary treatments or sex. Meat from ewes was redder, yellower, and fatter when compared to meat from rams. Results of this research suggest that discarded pecan seeds may be used as an alternative feedstuff in lamb diets up to 9%.

The aim of this study was to compare the biometric testicular characteristics, skin thickness and haemodynamics of the testicular artery of 12- and 24-month-old bulls using Doppler ultrasonography, the study was conducted using 48 indicus-taurus animals. The scrotal circumference (SC) and biometry characteristics of the bulls were measured to calculate the testicular volume. Doppler ultrasonography was used to obtain the haemodynamic values of the testicular artery. The skin thickness and volume were lower (p<.01) in the younger bulls (12 months:4.68 +/- 0.68 mm; 168.76 +/- 47.96 cm(3)) versus 24 months (5.05 +/- 0.89; 499.73 +/- 129.24 cm(3)) animals (p<.01). During diastole, mean velocity was lower in the 12 months (7.98 +/- 3.83) than in the 24 months (11.37 +/- 4.15) animals (p <.05). The 12-month-old animals had higher pulsatility and resistivity indices (0.49 +/- 0.02; 0.51 +/- 0.20) compared to the 24-month-old animals (0.32 +/- 0.16; 0.40 +/- 0.15) (p < .05). The final testicular end velocity was lower in animals with long/moderate-shaped (L/M) (7.31 +/- 2.91) than in those moderate/oval-shaped (M/O) (11.48 +/- 3.88) testicles (p < .05). Animals with L/M testes presented higher pulsatility values and resistivity indices (0.51 +/- 0.05; 0.55 +/- 0.04) compared to animals with M/O shape (0.29 +/- 0.20; 0.36 +/- 0.15). We showed that the blood flow of the supra testicular artery between the two evaluated ages differed, and that 24-month-old bulls presented better thermoregulation capacity. Animals with a long/moderate testicular format presented a greater vascular resistance, which was imposed on the blood flow due to the anatomical differences in the testicular artery, resulting in lower velocity, and indicating better heat dissipation in this format.

A caracterização do sistema produtivo na ovinocultura de corte se torna atraente e competitiva com máximo de informações possíveis. Objetivou-se predizer as características dos músculos Trícpes brachii, Semimembranosus, Bíceps femoris e Longissigimus dorsi, a partir das medidas in vivo e da carcaça de cordeiros Comerciais e Pantaneiros. Foram utilizados 80 cordeiros machos, sendo 40 cordeiros Comerciais e 40 cordeiros Pantaneiros. O critério de abate foi determinado pelo peso corporal de abate de 35 kg. Nos cordeiros Pantaneiros, a condição corporal apresentou moderada correlação com extrato etéreo no Semimembranosus (r = 0,59). Nas equações de regressão, as características in vivo e na carcaça apresentaram baixo coeficiente de determinação com todas as análises avaliadas nos cordeiros Comerciais. Nos cordeiros Pantaneiros as características in vivo e na carcaça apresentaram moderado coeficiente de determinação com a cor b* no Longissigimus dorsi (R2 = 0,57), perda de peso ao cozimento no Semimembranosus (R2 = 0,63) e alto coeficiente de determinação com a matéria mineral no Trícpes brachii (R2 = 0,70). As características in vivo e na carcaça mais representativas nas equações, nas análises instrumentais foram o peso corporal de abate, espessura de gordura subcutânea, área de olho de lombo, músculo total, relação músculo/gordura. As características in vivo e na carcaça apresentaram baixa correlação e não foram eficientes para predizer as características dos músculos dos cordeiros Comerciais e Pantaneiros.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the carcass characteristics and meat quality of castrated and noncastrated Santa Ines and Dorper lambs, finished in confinement and slaughtered with different subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), which was evaluated using in vivo ultrasound. Sixty-nine male lambs from two genetic groups were used - 34 Santa Ines and 35 Dorper. Dorper lambs showed superior conformation and finishing, 22% and 15.73%, respectively, compared to that of the Santa Ines lambs. The lambs were classified and slaughtered according to the following criteria: intended subcutaneous fat thickness close to 0 mm, close to 3 mm and close to 6 mm. Measurements were taken of the longissimus lumborum muscle in the region between the 12th and 13th ribs on the left side of the animal. Dorper lambs deposited more fat than Santa Ines lambs, and when slaughtered with the intended thickness of subcutaneous fat of 6 mm, they presented 7.34 mm fat thickness made in the muscle, while 3.61 mm was observed in Santa Ines lambs with the same age and confinement period. The meat became darker, less reddish, and less yellow at subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) between 0 and 6 mm. The measurement of SFT using the ultrasound showed a high positive correlation with the fat thickness measured in the muscle with a caliper (MFT), demonstrating the possibility of using this method in vivo for accurate prediction of MFT. Slaughter of lambs with 3 mm of subcutaneous fat is recommended and is enough to guarantee a quality standard for both carcass and meat.

Triticale high moisture grain triticale silage is an excellent option for ruminant diets, but loss control during its fermentation process should be further investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemical and biological additives on high moisture triticale silages under chemical-bromatological composition, aerobic stability, and in vivo digestibility and ingestive behavior in sheep. The treatments were: high moisture triticale silage without additive (HMTC); high moisture triticale silage with enzyme-bacterial inoculant (HMTEB); high moisture triticale silage with 0.5 % urea in natural matter (HMTU); and high moisture triticale silage with 1.5 % sodium benzoate in natural matter (HMTSB). Four sheep were housed in appropriate metabolic cages according to the ethical principles of animal experimentation. The addition of urea as additive to high moisture triticale silage provided an increase in crude protein and ammoniacal silage (189.7 and 106.2 g kg MS-1, respectively) but did not affect digestibility (699.6 g kg MS-1 for HMTU, with a general average of treatments of 687.5 g kg MS-1) and ingestive behavior of sheep. Fiber consumption by sheep increased with the addition of the enzyme-bacterial additive in the silage (431.87 versus 388.06 g d(-1) of FDN for HMTEB and HMTC, respectively). All additives helped to preserve crude protein contents after silo opening, but none interfered in aerobic stability time of silage.

The main objective of this research work was to evaluate the performance of Santa Inês ewes according to their body condition score (BCS) at lambing. Data from 135 adult ewes, with singletons, were used. Ewes were divided into three distinct groups: 1) Bellow average: BCS less than 2.5 points (n = 44); 2) Average: BCS between 2.5 and 3.0 (n = 53); and 3) Above average: BCS greater than 3.0 (n = 38). The scale for BCS varied from 1 (very poor) to 5 (very fat). The individual BW, BCS, metabolic profile, milk production and composition of ewes as well as their lambs’ performance until weaning were considered. Metabolic profile was monitored at -7, +7 and +60 days relative to lambing. It was observed that ewes with higher BCS were also heavier; however, there were no differences among the groups for weights of lambs at birth and weaning (70 days). As there was no difference in milk production and composition, the average daily weight gain of the lambs was also similar for the different BCS groups. The metabolic profile (glucose, ?-hydroxibutyrate, cholesterol, creatinine, urea, hemoglobin, albumin, total protein and aspartate aminotransferase - AST) was also similar among the groups. However, when the metabolic profile was compared among the different physiological stages relative to lambing, some differences were observed. For example, ?-hydroxibutyrate was greater during the peripartum period, and glucose was greater in the lactation phase. As conclusion we could say that even in a situation of poor BCS, Santa Inês ewes have the physiological capacity to adapt themselves to the negative energy balance like those of the periparturient period. It seems that irrespective of the BCS, ewes prioritized lactation and were able to produce enough milk to accordingly nurse their lambs