El propósito de este estudio es analizar si las prácticas de divulgación sobre sostenibilidad son sustantivas o simbólicas respecto al desempeño de sostenibilidad. Para ello, hemos analizado 69 empresas brasileñas cotizadas en la Bolsa de São Paulo en el periodo 2010-2023, para determinar si en efecto el aumento en las prácticas de divulgación de información sobre sostenibilidad experimentado en los últimos años está provocando que las empresas sean cada vez más sostenibles. Tras realizar el análisis estadístico con datos panel, nuestros resultados indican que la propia publicación de un informe de sostenibilidad, la adopción de GRI y someter el informe a verificación son prácticas sustantivas, mientras que la adhesión al Pacto Mundial de las Naciones Unidas no afecta el desempeño. Asimismo, se aprecian comportamientos diferentes cuando se analizan las distintas dimensiones del desempeño: ambiental, social y de gobernanza. Así, se contribuye a la literatura al analizar esta cuestión en un país emergente, considerando las dimensiones ambiental, social y de gobernanza; asimismo, se aborda cómo influye la adopción del Pacto Mundial de Naciones Unidas al desempeño de sostenibilidad. Por último, la evidencia proporcionada resulta de utilidad para los reguladores brasileños que deberían considerarla de cara a la decisión de adoptar de forma obligatoria el marco IFRS para 2026.

The impact that environmental practices have on companies' performance has often been analyzed in the literature, and the findings are inconclusive. Several researchers argue that further evidence is needed to better understand this relationship, and in particular, the effect that some variables could have on it. Consequently, the main aim of this research was to analyze whether company reputation, the institutional environment, and industry affect the impact of environmentally friendly practices on financial performance. The research found its theoretical foundation in ecoefficiency, trade-off, institutional, and agency theories. The sample comprised 198 high-performing manufacturing companies across 9 countries. Data were collected using a specific questionnaire designed to capture managers' perceptions of the relevant variables and analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that environmentally friendly practices positively influence companies' financial performance. However, contrary to previous evidence, company reputation does not appear to mediate this relationship. Instead, the institutional environment as well as the subsector in which a company operates play a moderating role. These findings are particularly valuable for managers since they reinforce the rationale for adopting proactive environmental strategies. This research contributes to previous literature, providing new insights about the impact of environmentally friendly behaviors on financial performance within the context of manufacturing companies, as well as the roles that reputation and institutional environments play in this relationship.

: The origins of business studies have mostly been recorded in non-academic literature such as the anniversaries of School of Commerce, University Schools or Faculties. However, we are not aware of any systematic study of this transition in general, nor in Accounting in particular. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to empirically contrast this statement and to analyse the origins of business studies in order to recognise the role of the pioneering academics and to describe this transition in the area of Accounting in Spain. For this purpose, semi -structured interviews were carried out with various participants from the first Faculties of Economics and Business Studies (FCEyE) created in Spain.

During the last decades of Spanish rule on the Island of Puerto Rico, the Spanish colonial authorities introduced new procedures through various reforms to improve the colonial administration of this overseas province. These reforms included the introduction of a budgetary accounting system and the double entry method. Contemporary literature describes the administrative reforms implemented in the colony as a failure. In this paper we analyse this pioneering accounting system and demonstrate that the public administration of the mid-19th century had significant knowledge of public accounting in order to identify and systematize the accounting events not included in the annual budgets.

Los orígenes de los estudios empresariales mayoritariamente se han recogido en literatura no académica como los aniversarios de las Escuelas de Comercio, de las Escuelas Universitarias o de las Facultades. Sin embargo, no conocemos que haya un estudio sistemático acerca de esa transición en general, ni tampoco en Contabilidad en particular. Por ello, el motivo de este estudio es contrastar empíricamente la afirmación de que los primeros profesores de las Facultades de estudios empresariales provenían de las Escuelas de Comercio y analizar los orígenes de los estudios empresariales con objeto de reconocer el papel de los académicos pioneros y describir dicha transición en el área de la Contabilidad en España. Para ello se han llevado a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas con diversos participantes referentes de las primeras Facultades de estudios sobre el ámbito empresarial creadas en España.

El turismo es uno de los sectores económicos más importantes, particularmente, en nuestro país las actividades turísticas supusieron en el año 2000, un 11% del Producto Interior Bruto, lo que da una idea de su significación. Como consecuencia de este impacto en la economía, es evidente que se hace necesario que las empresas que operan en este sector, lo hagan de forma eficaz y eficiente. Para ello, se considera esencial la implantación de sistemas de Control de Gestión adecuados que permitan mejorar las actividades de planificación y control y, por tanto, el Rendimiento Organizativo. Así, el Control de Gestión se constituye como una herramienta básica para la gestión. Ahora bien, dada la creciente complejidad del entorno económico y, por consiguiente, de la gestión empresarial, entendemos necesario conceptualizar el Control de Gestión de forma amplia y tener en cuenta las implicaciones que ello plantea para la formación de futuros profesionales.

El entorno en el que operan actualmente las empresas hoteleras es el resultado de los cambios profundos experimentados en las últimas décadas. Este nuevo escenario está afectando a las pautas tradicionales de actuación de estas empresas, a las prácticas de gestión imperantes y a las necesidades informativas que de ellas se derivan, para una toma de decisiones eficaz y eficiente. En consecuencia, se hace necesario usar más y mejor los sistemas de información de gestión para que sus directivos puedan satisfacer las expectativas de sus clientes y, en última instancia, alcanzar sus objetivos organizativos. En este sentido, el Cuadro de Mando se presenta como una herramienta de gestión que permite sintetizar en un sólo documento, los indicadores financieros y no financieros más importantes para el negocio.

En la actualidad estamos inmersos en el proceso de adaptación del sistema universitario español al Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior (EEES). En esta línea, este trabajo tiene su origen en la respuesta a la invitación por parte de la Dirección de la Escuela Universitaria de Estudios Empresiales (EUEE) de la Universidad de Sevilla a participar en una Experiencia Piloto para la Implantación del Crédito Europeo (ECTS), tras ser ésta elegida por la Junta de Andalucía para el caso de la Diplomatura en Turismo. El EEES supone una reorganización conceptual de los sistemas educativos para adaptarse a los nuevos modelos de formación centrados en el trabajo y el aprendizaje del estudiante. Esto implica que además de la tradicional docencia presencial, los alumnos puedan realizar actividades complementarias fuera del aula que les permitan asentar sus conocimientos y desarrollar sus capacidades, habilidades y destrezas.

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una adaptación del Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry (en adelante, USALI) a las características propias del subsector del alojamiento en albergues juveniles, considerando una nueva estructura departamental, reglas específicas de cálculo, asignación y registro, nuevos formatos de presentación y análisis de la información, así como de los ratios e indicadores más útiles para mejorar la gestión de estas organizaciones.

Copper concentrates are the primary product sold by copper mines to traders or smelters. Their price is set in private agreements following unofficial market practices which, along with the fact of the wide variety of concentrates layouts traded worldwide, make problematic for any market participant to have a clear price reference for a specific concentrate. This paper presents a copper concentrates benchmark price model which provides suitable short-term price estimations based on metals and discounts forecasts, as well as on copper, gold and silver spot and future prices data from the LME and COMEX. The model, which redeems considerably low forecast error values for the short-term concentrate prices, constitutes a useful and applicable tool for miners, traders and smelters to set a benchmark price level for their copper concentrate transactions, also helping them optimize their operations, as well as estimate their immediate liquidity needs or their actual necessity to hedge the price risks associated to their concentrate trading. In addition, different concentrates layouts have been analyzed to test the model's behavior with the most common specification and blends of copper concentrates demanded by the market, as well as to portray the model's forecasting capacity and its ability to convey information on the future relevance of the different components of pricing in the most frequent timeframe in which copper concentrate trading takes place.

The severe economic crisis is affecting significantly to the environment in which companies have to continue with their business. Consequently, academicians and managers are worried about what is going to happen with the Social Responsibility and particularly with the Environmental Responsibility, due to the decrease in the financial performance of the companies. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of the crisis on the environmental behavior of the Spanish companies through an explicative study, deepening in the comparison between the years 2006 and 2010. As a result, Spanish companies continue carrying out behaving in an environmentally friendly way because their Environmental Scores are growing, despite the decline of the Financial Performance. Moreover, it is identified a change in the factors that affect to the environmental behavior due to the identification of less dependence on corporate financial performance.

The aim of this research is to analyse how different CG mechanisms affect companies´ financial performance of high technological companies. Recent literature has pointed out the lack of conclusive empirical evidence despite the huge amount of manuscripts about this topic. Research focused on one industry is scarce, although it is relevant to base this research on technological companies since most maturity firms at this sector have relevant agency problems due to information asymmetry for intangible resources. Preliminary results suggest that Board Structure´s measures have a significant impact on ROA, while Board Monitoring function´s measures influences significantly to Market to Book Value

Previous research on the effects on corporate social responsibility (CSR) is inconclusive and academics have increasingly discussed the credibility of CSR reporting. Our research analyses the influence of CSR reporting on corporate reputation by considering different scenarios based on companies' CSR consistency, which reflects the coherence between their CSR reporting and CSR commitment. Theoretically, CSR reporting initiatives could be perceived by stakeholders as a substantive or symbolic strategy. Our findings highlight that corporate reputation tends to be negatively affected by CSR reporting, which is generally identified by stakeholders as an impression management strategy (particularly gaining an 'in accordance' Global Reporting Initiative level and assurance), although the relationship between CSR reporting and corporate reputation depends on the CSR consistency of a firm. This evidence has direct implications for academics to refine theoretical frameworks as well as for companies and regulators to better understand the effects of CSR reporting.

Purpose This research enables the authors to highlight the importance of proper pricing for retailers. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of demand-based pricing, providing empirical results that reveal the validity of this pricing philosophy in the sport retailing industry. In particular, this study has identified the limits of acceptable prices for the products studied, selected the most appropriate method for pricing products suffering from high competition and compared the impact produced on price perceptions according to different retail environments to be able to relate changes in the acceptable prices ranges according to the geographical location of each point of sale, differentiating between rural or urban environment and type of client. Design/methodology/approach The authors have carried out surveys of 350 customers in each of the three points of sale analysed. Therefore, there are a total of 1,050 interviewees, for the three products analysed. The direct method of acceptable prices setting is developed. In addition, ANOVA and t-test have been carried out to find differences between the three shops. Findings One main finding is that the acceptable price range is not unique. Each point of sale has one that is distinct because it depends on many factors: the competition, the economic capacity of the closest residents, the location of the point of sale or the ability to attract customers. Originality/value The foremost contribution of this paper is to demonstrate empirically how considering the local demand at setting prices would generate larger earnings, even for a small retail chain. The direct method of setting acceptable prices enables us to set the prices according to the demand. The best option is if these prices are above the costs. It can be noted that the prices should be set according to each shop, and a different price used in each point of sale to maximise profits and to adapt to what the typical customer of each shop is willing to pay, despite the products being the same and the points of sale belonging to the same retail chain.

Although several studies have analyzed the role that specific corporate governance mechanisms have on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting practices, their findings have not been conclusive and the evidence from developing countries is scarce. The theoretical support for this relationship in the previous literature is found in Stakeholder, Agency, Legitimacy, and Good Management theories. Undoubtedly, as the institutional environment has an important impact on CSR reporting practices, it would be relevant for this field of research to analyze this relationship in companies from emerging countries. It is suggested for the sake of convenience to consider different levels of corporate governance mechanisms together due to the high interdependence among them. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to analyze whether different levels of corporate governance mechanisms (at the institutional, group, and firm level) are determinant factors of the CSR reporting practices in BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). The final sample was composed of 281 companies. On the basis of our results, we conclude that institutional corporate governance mechanisms influence the company’s CSR reporting strategy and that both CSR disclosure practices analyzed are affected by group-level corporate governance mechanisms in companies from family-based societies. Our findings support the appropriateness of separately analyzing this issue in emerging countries.

Llevamos años hablando de responsabilidad social, de compromisos, de crecimiento, de respeto, de integración ¿qué papel desarrolla hoy la responsabilidad social? ¿hablamos de una moda pasada? ¿una quimera inanimada llamada a languidecer?La presente obra es un compendio de reflexiones, análisis, puntos de vista y meditaciones en primera persona, por parte de los mejores profesionales de la responsabilidad social en nuestro país. Una obra colectiva que pretende ser punto de partida para quienes se inician en el estudio y análisis de la responsabilidad social, así como complemento a todos aquellos doctos en la materia que desean conocer las últimas tendencias y estudios de los principales protagonistas.El texto recoge la participación de los principales académicos que llevan años reflexionando sobre la materia, de políticos de diversa tendencia y orientación ideológica, de líderes empresariales y profesionales de la comunicación, de las más activas asociaciones y grupos de interés que están liderando las principales iniciativas vinculadas a la responsabilidad social, así como de los funcionarios y administraciones públicas más implicadas en su desarrollo.Las aportaciones se vertebran en torno a diez ejes de análisis, que van desde la delimitación y alcance del término hasta las líneas futuras de desarrollo, pasando por el examen de los principales ejes en los que se circunscribe: la ética y el buen gobierno, el respeto por los derechos humanos, el compromiso medioambiental, la inclusión de la ciudadanía, la necesaria comunicación o el imperativo reflejo en la cuenta de resultados.Una lectura amena y pausada que pretende poner sobre la mesa las líneas de reflexión y desafíos más actuales a los que se enfrenta la responsabilidad social en nuestros días y a los que se enfrentará en un futuro próximo.

Forecasting copper prices has been the objective of numerous investigations. However, there is a lack of research about the price at which mines sell copper concentrate to smelters. The market reality is more complex since smelters obtain the copper that they sell from the concentrate that mines produce by processing the ore which they have extracted. It therefore becomes necessary to thoroughly analyse the price at which smelters buy the concentrates from the mines, besides the price at which they sell the copper. In practice, this cost is set by applying discounts to the price of cathodic copper, the most relevant being those corresponding to the smelters’ benefit margin (Treatment Charges-TC and Refining Charges-RC). These discounts are agreed upon annually in the markets and their correct forecasting will enable making more adequate models to estimate the price of copper concentrates, which would help smelters to duly forecast their benefit margin. Hence, the aim of this paper is to provide an effective tool to forecast copper TC/RC annual benchmark levels. With the annual benchmark data from 2004 to 2017 agreed upon during the LME Copper Week, a three-model comparison is made by contrasting different measures of error. The results obtained indicate that the LES (Linear Exponential Smoothing) model is the one that has the best predictive capacity to explain the evolution of TC/RC in both the long and the short term. This suggests a certain dependency on the previous levels of TC/RC, as well as the potential existence of cyclical patterns in them. This model thus allows us to make a more precise estimation of copper TC/RC levels, which makes it useful for smelters and mining companies.

This research constitutes a bibliometric and content study work about research on Revenue Management in Tourism included in the Web of Science and SCOPUS databases between 1989 and 2013 (25 years period). This study analyses the evolution and trend, the origin of the scientific production (by countries, authors, universities and companies, and the collaboration between them), its dissemination (journals) and content (research methods and Revenue Management strategies). A total of 293 works centred on Revenue Management in Tourism (638 signatures) of 433 authors from 183 universities and 56 companies which have been published in 67 journals have been identified and classified by the authors of this research in accordance with the measurements analysed. The results confirm an annual growth rate of 15.9%. The research originates in countries of the 5 continents, 2% of authors sign 83% of the production and most of this production comes from Universities (83%). Collaboration between institutions is around 27% of the cases. 6 journals accumulate 48% of the research published. Models and/or simulations are the research methodologies most used (59%), and capacity management (43%) the main strategy studied. The findings will facilitate both the design of future research and the establishing of collaboration strategies between authors and/or institutions.

Lean Production (LP) is one of the most common initiatives in Operations Management that firms adopt to boost their competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extant research on the relationship between LP and business performance (BP). The study analyses the data from 30 articles published from 2000 to 2016 that meet two targeted criteria, that they have: (i) empirically analysed the relationship between LP, or any measure of LP, and at least one measure of BP, and (ii) reported the effect size of the relationship between LP and BP measured with Pearson's correlation coefficients or related methods. Distinctions are made between two different performance outcomes (financial and market) and six LP practices. Using the Hunter and Schmidt (2004) meta analysis based correlations approach, the obtained results show that a positive and moderate relationship exists between aggregate level LP and aggregate level business performance (r(-)' = 0.31). There is also a positive relationship with market performance, but not with financial performance. Only three individual practices are statistically related to business performance (Process Control and Improvement, Workforce Development, and Customer Focus). The country's level of economic development is also found to act as a moderating variable in several of the studied relationships and to have a greater effect in Emerging Economies than in Advanced Economies.