The intestine is one of the most important target organs of stress caused by hemorrhagic shock, traumatic shock, burns, and severe injuries to bones and soft tissues. This review examines the microbial endoecology of the gastrointestinal tract in wounded patients with polytrauma. Severe intestinal injury plays a major role in the development of infectious complications and multiple organ failure in wounded patients with polytrauma. Such complications result from interactions between impaired gastrointestinal motility, damage to the intestinal epithelium, the immune system, and the gastrointestinal microbiota. The formation of gastrointestinal endoecology depends on the influx of microorganisms into the system, the reproduction rate of individual representatives, and their elimination into the environment. The gut microbiome can be disrupted under the influence of the intestinal environment in critically injured patients. Three hypotheses are highlighted—bacterial translocation, lymphocyte-derived bacteremia, and in situ virulence—that explain the role of the gastrointestinal biota-tissue complex in the pathogenesis of sepsis and multiple organ failure in critically injured patients. Early diagnosis and stratification of patients with biotissue complex disruption of the intestine in systemic response to injury may improve outcomes through the timely initiation of appropriate specific treatment.

This article highlights the life, teaching activities, and research work of Professor Anatoly M. Shelepov, Doctor of Sciences in Medicine, retired Major General of Medical Service. It examines the milestones in his career as a researcher and the head of one of the leading theoretical departments of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy. Anatoly M. Shelepov, a Suvorov Military School alumnus, has always followed Suvorov’s credo, “Never give up!” In his 18 years as department head, he has reached his full potential as a researcher, educator, and academic team leader. Professor Shelepov has consistently expanded the department’s scientific capacity. Approximately 80 doctoral and candidate theses were defended under his supervision. Many of Shelepov’s former students now hold managerial positions in various military and civilian organizations, lead medical services of military districts and branches of the Russian Armed Forces, or work at the Military Medical Academy. In 1998, Professor Shelepov founded the scientific school for military medicine management. In 2003, the federal government recognized the school’s leading scientific status. Shelepov’s fellow researchers proposed theories and concepts for the development of the Russian Armed Forces Medical Service, addressed practical issues of military medicine during armed conflicts and peacetime emergencies, worked on standardization in medical care, and explored the history of military medicine. Since 1993, Professor Shelepov has been a member of the medical geography department of the Russian Geographical Society. Under his supervision, a territorial medical support system was developed; the scope of military medical care during local wars, armed conflicts, and peacekeeping efforts was proposed; and a plan for the Russian Armed Forces Medical Service development until 2030 was established.

May 12, 2024, marked the 70th birthday of the Honored Scientist of Russia, corresponding member and honorary doctor of the Kirov Military Medical Academy, Prof. Vasily N. Tsygan. He is a brilliant embodiment of the traditions of academic scientific schools, having gone from being a member and chairman of the Military Scientific Society of Cadets and Students to an adjunct to the deputy head of the academy for scientific work. After graduating from the academy with a gold medal and serving 3 years in the military, Vasily N. Tsygan entire subsequent scientific, pedagogical, and organizational activity has been connected with the academy. The topic of his candidate dissertation, related to changes in homeostasis in mechanical trauma, and performing special assignments from the command in Afghanistan and in the zone of the counter-terrorist operation in the Chechen Republic determined a crucial vector of research into the extreme impacts on the human body during military professional activity. V.N. Tsygan contributed to the study of immunophenotyping problems, the modern concept of molecular remission in oncohematology, and immunodeficiency in various types of pathology and methods for their correction. He is an experienced organizer of science and many large international scientific events. His activities involved the study of the history of Russian medicine, relations with the Nobel Committee, and defending the priority of Russian scientists. V.N. Tsygan’s contribution to the creation and development of the Military Medical Academy journals, where he worked for decades as executive secretary and deputy editor-in-chief, is invaluable. The Academy, the Ministry of Defense, the Academy of Medical Sciences, and the state have highly appreciated the merits of Prof. V.N. Tsygan, honoring him with state and departmental awards, prizes, and honorary titles.

During the hybrid armed conflict in which Russia became involved — the Special Military Operation — the medical service of the Armed Forces faced a number of challenges. This review analyzes foreign publications indexed in PubMed® concerning the conditions and factors affecting the activities of the medical services of armed forces, primarily those of NATO countries. It was revealed that a limiting factor for operational effectiveness is the staffing levels and qualitative composition of medical personnel, their preparedness to provide care for the specific pathologies of wartime, and maintaining these competencies in an up-to-date state. Important conditions for successful provision of medical care are preserving the integrity of medical facilities during targeted attacks on them, and the ability to use infrastructure in hostile or newly occupied territories. Prehospital care serves as a limiting factor in reducing lethality, with the main causes being fatal hemorrhages and head injuries from mine-blast trauma. Proper tourniquet application, rapid evacuation, and blood transfusions make the greatest contribution to reducing prehospital mortality. Among casualties, those with limb wounds are most significant, as they subsequently create the greatest social burden on the state, exceeding the “years lived with disability” parameter for all other disease classes, including oncological and cardiovascular diseases. In modern conflicts, the most dangerous in terms of lethality are mine-blast injuries (61.4–83.5%) and head injuries (20.9–59.0%), and in terms of subsequent disease burden, limb injuries (45.7%) constitute an absolute majority and are the point of focus for the main efforts of the medical services of the warring states’ armed forces. At the same time, there are no unified approaches regarding the place of application of qualified and specialized care among countries.

On February 2, 2024, the prominent Russian morphologist, head of the department of normal anatomy at the Kirov Military Medical Academy to MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.) Professor Ivan V. Gaivoronsky. Ivan V. was born in the town of Kadievka, Voroshilovgrad region, in 1954. On February 2, 2024, a prominent Russian morphologist, Professor Ivan V. Gaivoronsky became the head of the Department of Normal Anatomy at the Kirov Military Medical Academy to Doctor of Medical Sciences. Ivan V. was born in the town of Kadievka in the Voroshilovgrad region in 1954. In 1973, after graduating from the Starooskolsky Medical School, he entered the Kirov Military Medical Academy, from which he graduated in 1979 with a gold medal. He then studied in an adjunct course at the Department of Normal Anatomy. After completing his studies and defending his dissertation within the walls of his native alma mater, he worked his way up from a teacher to the head of one of the oldest departments, the Department of Normal Anatomy, which he has headed for 35 years. Professor I.V. Gaivoronsky pays great attention to solving modern scientific problems of morphology: collateral circulation, medical craniology, morphology of a gunshot wound, applied problems according to the needs of surgical practice, study of individual and typical characteristics of the human body, development of innovative technologies for the production and preservation of anatomical preparations for scientific and educational purposes, and improvement of the educational process in the departments of morphological profile and history of anatomy. He created a scientific morphological school, which trained 11 doctors and 63 medical science candidates. Professor I.V. Gaivoronsky is the author of polymer embalming technology, which has radically changed the principle of teaching fundamental medical disciplines. Thanks to the development of numerous innovative areas, numerous scientific studies, and use of the latest equipment in the educational process, the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Kirov Military Medical Academy, under the leadership of Professor I.V. Gaivoronsky, became one of the best methodological and scientific centers in the Russian Federation, dealing with the most pressing problems of modern morphology. For his great contribution to the development of domestic science and the organization of the educational process, Professor I.V. Gaivoronsky was twice awarded the Government of the Russian Federation Prize in the field of education. He was awarded the honorary titles “Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation” and “Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation”, Academician of the Russian Military Medical Academy, and Honorary Doctor of the Kirov Military Medical Academy. He was also awarded the Order of Honor and the Medal of the Order for Services to the Fatherland, II degree.

The development of problems of combat pathology is a constant focus of scientific interests of scientists of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy. With the beginning of a Special military operation, it received a new impetus for development both due to the large clinical material and due to changes in the structure and nature of modern combat pathology. The relevant teams have joined forces to develop the most priority tasks. Based on the analysis of the mortality of wounded on the battlefield, the principles of “tactical medicine” were developed and implemented in practice, aimed at combating the most common causes of death at the pre-hospital stage, and training cycles for instructors for the whole country were organized in the established Center for Tactical Medicine. Principles of anesthesia and shock control at the stages of medical evacuation have been developed. Based on the study of the structure of combat surgical pathology, the tactics of screening diagnosis of hidden injuries during medical triage are proposed, the principles of staged surgical treatment of wounds (the principle of damage control) are clarified, an integrated system of treatment of wounded with injuries of the musculoskeletal system is developed. At the hospital stage, improved methods for the prevention of thromboembolic complications, treatment of phantom pain syndrome, and stress-associated mental disorders are proposed. The spectrum of wound infection pathogens and existing antibiotic resistance has been studied, new wound dressings have been developed. A prototype of the system of professional psychological selection and support of operators of unmanned aerial vehicles has been formed. Guidelines on military field surgery and military field therapy have been developed, more than 50 methodological recommendations on the most in-demand issues of organization and provision of medical care. Thus, in a little more than 900 days, the scientists of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy has carried out a huge amount of work only in scientific terms, introducing the results into the practice of military doctors. This makes it possible to achieve the best performance indicators of the medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in comparison with previous conflicts.

Activation of the body’s regulatory systems provides adaptation to the impact of pathogenic factors. Prolonged exposure to extreme factors during combat operations can lead to the formation of a focus of pathologically increased exaltation in the central nervous system. The study aims to comparatively assess the tension of central regulatory structures in victims with battle and peacetime traumas in the acute period to develop criteria for indicating the severity of functional disorders of the central nervous system and pathogenetic treatment. Twenty servicemen who received mine-explosive trauma as a result of combat operations, twenty victims of domestic trauma, and twenty healthy males were examined. Neurophysiological and ultrasound methods of research were used to assess the functional state of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems: electroencephalography with quantitative analysis, transcranial Doppler with functional tests, electrocardiography with assessment of heart rate variability: The study assessed the index of spectral power of rhythms in alpha/theta ranges, indices of spectral power of heart rhythm (index of vagosympathetic balance; index of centralization; index of activation of subcortical structures), indices of vasodilatation/vasoconstriction reflecting reactivity of cerebral vessels to tests with hyper/hypocapnia. The following statistically significant differences were revealed between peacetime and wartime traumas: a decrease in vasodilation reserves for hypercapnia, and in some cases, their absence during battle trauma; increasing indices of centralization and activation of subcortical structures during battle trauma; decrease in the index of spectral power of rhythms in the alpha/theta ranges due to an increase in the power of the theta range during battle trauma. Based on this set of indicators, a scale of quantitative assessment of the degree of tension of regulatory subcortical structures in points was developed for early detection of patients with excessive activation of the central regulatory circuit leading to maladjustment and unfavorable course of the post-traumatic period.

The levels of development of cognitive mental processes and personal qualities among specialists of the Navy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam undergoing military service under a contract were considered, and their relationship with military-professional success was assessed. In July 2023, specialists from the Kirov Military Medical Academy together with Vietnamese specialists of the Russian–Vietnamese Tropical Center, conducted a pilot psychological and psychophysiological examination of naval specialists of the Navy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to study the characteristics of cognitive mental processes (attention, memory, and thinking), motivational and personal qualities, and expert assessments of the success of military-professional adaptation. Statistically significant relationships between expert assessments of professional success and the level of development of cognitive mental processes, characteristics of the motivational sphere, neuropsychic stability, and psychological adaptation characteristics have been identified. The results showed sufficient validity and reliability of the methodological apparatus used for assessing cognitive mental processes and personal psychological adaptive abilities in relation to assessing their relationship with the success of military-professional adaptation, an effective solution of professional and service tasks. The possibility and prospect of considering them in professional psychological selection and medical and psychological (psychophysiological) support of professional activities, examination, and, if necessary, subsequent medical and psychological rehabilitation of naval specialists of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to maintain a high level of their professional health, as well as the need for further research.

Gunshot and landmine wounds to the upper and lower extremities are the most common injuries in modern armed conflict. In previous armed conflicts, reconstructive surgery of peripheral nerves was not performed until 3-6 months after injury because dysfunction was often associated with a contusion mechanism of injury and recovery of nerve function may occur without surgical treatment. A new approach to care for patients with peripheral nerve injuries was developed and implemented by the authors. In recent years, the Military Medical Academy has widely used neuroimaging diagnostic techniques, such as magnetic resonance neurography and ultrasound examination of peripheral nerves. They can confirm or rule out a complete anatomical rupture of the nerve trunk. In the presence of characteristic pathomorphologic changes, peripheral nerve reconstructive surgery is performed as early as possible after injury (1.0–1.5 months). The earlier the nerve is reconstructed, the faster and more complete the functional recovery. Care of patients with peripheral nerve injury requires a comprehensive approach and close collaboration between neurosurgeons and related specialists. Such an approach allows identifying peripheral nervous system injuries in incoming surgical patients. This approach has proven effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain in this population. Early reconstructive intervention increases the effectiveness and decreases the time to regain lost limb function, thus shortening the rehabilitation period and improving quality of life.

Based on the state of the functions of the central nervous system, circulatory system, and respiratory system, the psychophysiological status and reserve capabilities of the body of submariners of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam are assessed before a short sea trip. The study was conducted in 2023 as part of the research work “Ecolan M-2.2” that was participated by 117 submariners in the inter-trip period and 45 submariners 1–3 days before sea trip on the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The state of the functions of the central nervous system, circulatory system, and respiratory system, reserve capabilities, and psychophysiological status of the body were examined. The daily and weekly routines of submariners during permanent deployment were analyzed. Submariners of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the inter-cruise period and before a short sea trip have a predominantly good state of body functioning in the examination of various systems and sufficient reserve capabilities. Despite the normal functional state of the examined submariners, 13 tended to have deteriorated body function and 5 had a borderline functional status. The small number of submariners with a borderline functional status may lead to erroneous activities during sea trips and cause emergencies. This, in turn, is fraught with disruption of the combat mission and even death. The results indicate the need to develop medical and physiological measures in the Navy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to maintain and restore the functional status of submariners during various periods of combat training activities. In the future, for a more qualitative development of medical and physiological measures, the medical support received by submariners of the Navy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, morbidity, and results of dispensary follow-up must be evaluated.

The study presents an original methodology for assessing the quality of scientific activity of the units of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov. As a tool for its solution, we used qualimetric evaluation of all possible areas of scientific activity of departments and criteria that characterize these areas. Qualimetric methods of expert survey and weighting of performance indicators and descriptive statistics were used. Twenty-five experts took part in structuring the scientific performance of the academy. The resulting structure included six main sections, each described by a specific set of attributes. The attributes were both quantitative and qualitative with certain graduations and units of measurement, each of which was assigned a weighting coefficient. The values of the coefficients were expressed in fractions of 1, and the sum was 1. The consistency of the experts proved to be quite high, and the coefficient of concordance was 0.82 (p 0.001). Based on the comprehensive assessment of each division of the academy, a scale score was calculated, which helped in determining the rating of a division. A sigma (using the mean square deviation) estimate was chosen as a scaling tool, which shows that 68% of all complex estimates of the units being evaluated are expected in the range from the arithmetic mean minus sigma to the arithmetic mean plus sigma. That is, units with the value of a complex indicator that falls within this interval are recognized as units with an average assessment of scientific activity. Approximately 16% of units whose value of the complex indicator will be greater than the calculated interval will make up a group of units with scientific activity above the average, and the same number of units whose value of the complex indicator will be less than the calculated interval will make up a group of units with scientific activity as below the average. In general, following the structuring and weighting coefficients, a calculation complex was developed to determine the scientific status of a unit, which was performed using an Excel spreadsheet and can be used, along with the evaluation of educational and methodological activities, in the general evaluation of units.

The study investigated the dynamics of class G immunoglobulins to severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 coronavirus in the blood serum of convalescents who had a new coronavirus infection for 6 months after the polymerase chain reaction conversion. Among the most common symptoms, 30 (73.8%) convalescents had an increase in body temperature to 38C, 32 (83.3%) had asthenia, 21 (59.5%) had cough, 29 (73.8%) had perversion or loss of sense of smell, pain, and throat discomfort. The duration of symptoms varied from 34 days to 34 weeks. Within a month after the end of the acute disease period, 8 (20%) patients had a decrease in working capacity, 13 (33%) had difficulty breathing, 9 (22%) had a cough, and 4 (10%) had pain and sore throat. During severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 infection, the virus activates the innate and adaptive immunity, resulting in the formation of specific class G immunoglobulins to the pathogens. After leveling the clinical manifestations, class G immunoglobulins were detected in the majority of convalescents (79%90%) during the first 6 months, starting from day 14 from disease onset with a predominantly high ( 10 conl. units) positivity coefficient. Moreover, this pattern occurred in both men and women; however, in some studies, the levels of the positivity coefficient of class G immunoglobulins began to decrease by the fifth month of follow-up and sometimes at an earlier time (2 months). Perhaps, this is due to the different functional activities of the immune system of each convalescent, infecting dose of the pathogen, and peculiarities of its interaction with the macroorganism and its immune system. Nevertheless, the class G immunoglobulins identified in the study do not yet indicate the probability of reinfection of convalescents with the same pathogen. The protective titer of antibodies has yet to be investigated further.

Aim to assess the activity of superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes of rats after a single intramuscular injection of naphazoline in radiofrequency dose and in experimental simulation of acute radiation sickness. Material and methods. The activity of erythrocytes superoxide dismutase (SOD) after single intramuscular injection of nafazoline in experimental modeling of acute radiation sickness was investigated. The pharmacological properties and mechanisms of radioprotective action of nafazoline were clarified based on the dynamics of activity of erythrocytes SOD in intact and irradiated animals with the dose of 7,4 Gy. Results. The superoxide dismutase activity was found to increase significantly 60 min after single intramuscular administration of nafazolin at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Under experimental conditions of acute radiation disease modeling, a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity was observed within the first hour after exposure, evidencing the direct involvement of the antioxidant system components in the inactivation of free-radical reaction products. Conclusion. The radioprotective properties of naphazoline may be due not only to reduction of oxygen delivery to the cells of radiosensitive tissues and inhibition of their metabolism by effect on 2-adreno- and imidazoline receptors, but also by activation of antioxidant system links.

Nitrogen dioxide is released by the interaction of some metals with nitric acid. Inhalation intoxication with nitrogen dioxide leads to chemical pulmonary edema. This study presents the case of a patient who had acute inhalation exposure to an unidentified brown gaseous substance (presumably nitrogen dioxide) when he etched a metal product with nitric acid. Twenty-four hours after contact with the gas, he manifested signs of intoxication, such as chest pain, tachypnea, and decreased saturation. Laboratory tests revealed hemoconcentration, hyperfermentemia, and arterial hypoxemia. The X-ray image of the entire lung surface revealed a sharp increase and deformation of the pulmonary pattern due to the vascular component. The diagnosis was T65, i.e., toxic effect of other and unspecified substances. With treatment, the patients condition improved. On day 4 after therapeutic exposure, with decreased oxygen fraction in the inhaled gas mixture to 0.3, the saturation increased to 98%, and tachypnea disappeared. On day 6, with ongoing treatment (oxygen therapy, use of antioxidants, antihypoxants, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial drugs), the inflammatory reaction stopped, the rheological properties of the blood improved, and the gas composition of arterial blood normalized, i.e., the oxygenation index was 436, which indicated the disappearance of arterial blood oxygenation disorders. During the radiological examination, the normal radiological picture of the lungs was determined. Thus, on day 6 after the start of therapy, signs of intoxication were completely stopped. Specific changes in the lungs during radiation research techniques, hemoconcentration, inflammation, and hypoxemia during laboratory blood tests should be considered prognostic signs of chemical pulmonary edema. As a pathogenetic therapy, treatment must be supplemented with drugs that stop the cascade of free radical oxidation reactions (acetylcysteine and sodium thiosulfate). Individuals exposed to nitrogen dioxide should be considered a high-risk group for lung damage and hospitalized for dynamic observation for at least 2 days. Taking into account the genotoxic effects of nitrogen dioxide, affected patients should be classified as at risk of developing neoplasms and undergo further dynamic monitoring.

The study investigated the influence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on the reproductive health indicators of cadets of military educational organizations. In the Department of Assisted Reproductive Technologies at the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Kirov Military Medical Academy, 183 male cadets aged 2127 years were divided into two groups and examined. The first group consisted of 132 cadets who had mild and moderate COVID-19, and the second group included 51 cadets without COVID-19 in the anamnesis. COVID-19 was found negatively affect the reproductive health of cadets. Individuals who previously had COVID-19 were found to have a significant decrease in the level of total testosterone and decreased concentration and mobility of sperm in the ejaculate. Moreover, in cadets without COVID-19 who were vaccinated with the combined vector vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac, the indicators of the hormonal profile and spermograms were within the reference values. The results indicate the need for further investigation of the effect of various negative factors, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, on the reproductive health of cadets of military educational organizations. Moreover, the development of preventive, therapeutic, and rehabilitation measures will reduce the risk of infertility and reproductive losses, which is consistent with the interests of national projects on healthcare and demography.

This study systematically review knowledge about the mechanisms of formation of an inflammatory reaction under the influence of biological, physical, and chemical factors, their similarities and differences, and possible methods of pharmacological correction of pathological conditions associated with excessive activation. The effect of adverse environmental factors, such as biological, physical, and chemical factors, causes a systemic response, which is aimed at maintaining homeostasis and is caused, among other things, by a coordinated reaction of the immune system. Phlogogenic agents result in the activation and regulation of the inflammatory response, which is formed by cellular and humoral components of innate immunity. The activation of innate immunity is characterized by a rapid host response, which diminishes following the elimination of foreign invaders, endogenous killer cells, and neogenesis. Depending on the nature of the active factors (biopathogens, allergens, toxins, ionizing radiation, etc.), the mechanisms of immune response arousal have unique features mainly originating from the differences in the recognition of specific molecular patterns and danger signals by different receptors. However, inflammatory mediators and inflammatory response patterns at the systemic level are largely similar even under widely different triggers. Inflammation, having evolved as an adaptive reaction directed at the immune response, can lead to the development of chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases due to a mismatch in mechanisms of its control. A failure in the regulation of the inflammatory process is the excessive activation of the immune system, which leads to the cytokine release syndrome (hypercytokinemia, or cytokine storm) and can cause self-damage (destruction) of tissues, multiple-organ failure, sepsis, and even death. Modern advances in the study of the pathogenetic bases of the inflammatory response are suggested, such as pharmacological correction using pattern recognition receptor antagonists, pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitors, or blocking of key control genes or signaling pathways.

March 11, 2022 was the 55th birthday of the Head of the S.P. Botkin Faculty Therapy Department, chief cardiologist of the Ministry of Defense of Russian Federation, chief therapist-pulmonologist of the Health Committee of the Government of St. Petersburg, Honored Doctor of Russian Federation, Colonel of the Medical Service Professor V.V. Tyrenko. After graduation from the II faculty of the Military Medical Academy in 1989 he was sent to serve in the military unit of the Turkestan Military District. Since 1995, after graduating from residency, he worked successively as a senior resident, a lecturer, and a senior lecturer. After defending his doctoral dissertation in 2004, which was dedicated to Cardiac Syndrome X, in 2005 he was appointed Deputy Head of the Faculty Therapy Department for clinical work, and in 2009 he became a Head of this department. Professor Tyrenko is a well-known scientist in the field of medical problems of therapy and, in particular, rheumatology and hematology, he created his own scientific school. Scientific developments of Professor Tyrenko found practical reflection in military-medical organizations. Under his supervision, departmental standards for the use of various diagnostic and treatment techniques and methods in providing specialized medical care to rheumatologic, hematologic, and therapeutic patients were developed, which are also successfully used in medical institutions in Saint Petersburg and the North-West region. For his great merits in protecting the health of military personnel and civilians, organizing the therapeutic and diagnostic process and providing medical care, implementing modern methods of complex treatment of therapeutic patients, based, among other things, on his own scientific achievements, he was awarded with the Order of Honor 2008. He also received the honorary title Honored Physician of Russian Federation in 2013 and a commendation of the President of the Russian Federation in 2019 (1 figure).

On March 13, 2022, the prominent Russian scientist, specialist in extracorporeal hemocorrection, intensive therapy, and nephrology, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Major General of medical service in the reserve, Andrey Nikolayevich Belskikh, turned 60. Andrey Nikolayevich spent almost 40 years at the Military Medical Academy, having worked his way up from the cadet and the adjunct to the head of the Academy. For almost two decades he headed the clinical center of extracorporeal detoxification and started his scientific career, defended his doctoral thesis, and received the academic rank of a professor. His research opened a new page in the study of previously unknown fundamental regularities of hemorheological blood changes in hypoxia of different genesis, fundamental mechanisms of etiology, and pathogenesis of critical states formation in intensive medicine. During his 6 years as the head of the Military Medical Academy in a difficult time, Andrey Nikolayevich has done a lot. He organized the training of specialists with secondary medical education at the new faculty, and trained doctors in the specialties of preventive medicine, dentistry, and pharmacy. A simulation training center, one of the first and the best in the country, has been created. New departments of nephrology and efferent therapy and general dentistry were added to the Academy staff. Large-scale reconstruction and re-equipment of the Academy were started. The concept of a multidisciplinary clinic, which was ceremonially opened by the President of the Russian Federation, V.V. Putin, was developed, as well as the clinic. The work of A.N. Belskikh was marked with the Order of Honor and the honorary title Honored Physician of the Russian Federation. After retirement from military service, Andrei Nikolaevich Belskikh headed the department of nephrology and efferent therapy, where he continued his successful research and scientific, pedagogical, and medical staff training.

Strengthening the readiness of the medical service system of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to fulfill given tasks is possible only with innovative development, which constitutes the scientific and methodological basis for the modernization of military healthcare. In this connection, researchers at the pharmacy department of the Kirov Military medical Academy considered the development of kits and equipment, medical equipment, mobile and special medical equipment, and pharmaceutical technologies as the absolute priority of their scientific development. The requirements for the equipment of different units and military medical organizations both at present conditions and in future wars include high level of mobility, shortened deployment (curtailment) terms, autonomy, increased operational efficiency of units, etc. The realization of these requirements is possible if certain issues are solved, primarily aimed at the digitalization of medical supply system of military forces, improvement of basic equipment, and entering new developments in the field of pharmaceutical technology into the medical service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The article presents the perspective directions of the innovative development of the medical supply system of the Armed Forces, which is the most important element of military healthcare. Results of the activity such as creation and acceptance for the supply of mobile units for production, accumulation (storage), delivery, distribution of medical gaseous oxygen, registration of medicinal products (medical oxygen, 93%), and acceptance of the corresponding pharmacopoeial article are already represented. Still at the development stage, there are innovative sets of service equipment of airborne troops, sterilization, and distillation unit, allowing the use of water from natural surface sources of domestic and drinking water supply, etc.