ABTRACTWe aimed to assess the correlation between ISUP 2014 grades of needle biopsy (NB) and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens and the parameters effecting this correlation. A total of 353 patients, who underwent a radical prostatectomy with diagnose of prostate cancer, were included in the study. Especially, the maximum percentage of core involved by cancer (MPCI) of upgraded group was significantly higher than those of correlated group and downgraded group. MPCI might be used as a preoperative value to determine risk classification and to help counsel patients with regard to treatment decision and prognosis of disease.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy, complications, and financial aspects of urgent ureteroscopy (URS) with elective URS in patients who applied with the acute flank pain caused by ureteral calculi. Material and Methods: The records of 70 adult patients, who applied to the emergency and urology department at Gata Haydarpasa Research and Training Hospital between June 2012 and May 2014 evaluated prospectively. Patients were divided into two group including the patients with colic pain that had started within 12 hours before admission who also agreed to be operated urgently (Group 1: acute URS) and the patients who requested the necessary intervention only if spontaneous passage cannot be provided (Group 2: elective URS). Kidney, ureter, bladder radiography (KUB), and urinary ultrasonography (USG) were applied to all patients. A total of 16 urgent and 19 elective URSs were performed. Results: The average treatment cost of the urgent URS patients was found to be 855.00 TL (143.78 ?) per payment, and the average treatment cost of the elective URS patients was found to be 979.00 TL (164.63 ?) (p<0.001) per patient. These results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Urgent URS is a treatment modality that requires minimal additional treatment. Besides, the patients can turn back to their social activities earlier, and it also reduces the psychological side-effects of urolithiasis. Although the superiority of one method over another cannot be concluded with this study, the application of urgent URS costs less compared to elective URS.

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterised by a range of symptoms, such as excessive mobility, difficulty in maintaining attention and inadequate impulse control. Methylphenidate (MPH) is widely prescribed as a treatment for ADHD. In the literature, studies investigating the effects of MPH on the lower urinary tract (LUT) are limited. Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate MPH-induced LUT symptoms (LUTSs) in patients with ADHD without a diagnosis of voiding dysfunction (VD). Study design After ethical committee approval, volunteers aged 7-17 y were divided into two groups, with group 1 composed of individuals diagnosed with ADHD but not VD and group 2 (control) composed of healthy individuals. Lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life, in addition to uroflowmetry test results and postvoiding residual volume (PVRV), were evaluated in both groups at baseline and again 4 wk later. The individuals in group 1 were treated with MPH after baseline screening. The dysfunctional voiding scoring system questionnaire was used for scoring LUTSs. Postvoiding residual volume was measured by ultrasound. Bladder capacity (BC) was calculated as the sum of voided volume (VV) and PVRV. The means of the maximum flow rate (Q max), mean flow rate (Q mean), VV, PVRV and BC were recorded. Results After exclusions, there were 43 participants in group 1 and 39 participants in group 2. There was no significant difference between the mean age of groups (p = 0.727). Compared with the baseline, VV and BC increased significantly in group 1 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively) at the 4-wk follow-up. There was no significant difference in these parameters in group 2. Discussion This study demonstrated that VV and BC increased after MPH treatment in patients with ADHD without a diagnosis of VD. The mechanism underlying this effect is unclear, but it may be associated with dopaminergic and noradrenergic effects. Conclusion The findings of the present study can inform further studies on the mechanism underlying the effect of MPH on the LUT. In a future study, the authors suggest evaluating the effects of MPH in a urodynamic study in patients with ADHD diagnosed with VD. [GRAPHICS] .

Objective: To find parameters for differential diagnosis between Brucella epididymo-orchitis (BEO) and non-brucella epididymo-or-chitis (NBEO) cases with comparison of BEO and NBEO in terms of inflammatory markers, full urinalysis (FU) for pyuria, and abscess formation (AF). Study Design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Agri State Hospital Urology and Infectious Disease Clinics, between January 2014 and November 2017. Methodology: Data of the patients, who were diagnosed with epididymo-orchitis, were divided in BEO and NBEO groups on the basic of serum agglutination test. Parameters including age, white blood cell neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, mean platelet volume, C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, monocyte/lymphocyte ratio, platelet / lymphocyte ratio, and FU. The values were statistically compared. Results: One hundred and thirty-eight (138) patients were found eligible for the study. Twenty-three (23) of these patients (16.66%) had BEO, and 115 (83.33%) had NBEO. BEO vs. NBEO cases were significantly different regarding mean age (26.17 +/- 8.15 vs. 48.53 +/- 21.78 years, p=0.0001) and frequency of pyuria (3,13.04%) vs. 89 (77.39%, p=0.001). However CRP values i.e. 6.07 +/- 6.59 vs. 6.07 +/- 5.85 mg/dl (p=0.999) was not significantly different. Conclusion: BEO cases are often younger and do not have pyuria or abscess formation. High frequency of pyuria was found in NBEO cases. CRP levels cannot be used in the differential diagnosis between BEO and NBEO cases.

Primer mesane endometriozisi nadirdir ve sebebi tam olarak bilinememektedir. Bu makalede primer mesane endometriozisi nedeniyle transüretral rezeksiyon uygulanmış 37 yaşındaki bir bayan hastayı sunuyoruz. Hastanın başvuru şikâyetleri 4 aydır menstrüel siklusla ilişkili hematüri, disüri ve pollaküriydi. Kliniğimizde yapılan sistoskopik ve radyolojik değerlendirme sonrasında kitlenin transüretral olarak rezeksiyonuna karar verildi. Operasyonda 23*21 mm'lik solid kitle eksize edildi. Hastanın sistoskopi ile yapılan postoperatif izleminde 6. aya dek nüks izlenmedi.

The diagnostic benefit of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is limited, owing to its lack of specificity, particularly in men with PSA levels of 4.0 to 10.0 ng/mL. Therefore, there is a need for more specific and sensitive biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy and to predict prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Assessing the expression levels of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with PCa may be helpful in detecting cancer and predicting the cancer prognosis and its evolution, and may serve as markers to decide the treatment. We examined the expression levels of five miRNAs (let‐7c, miR‐21, miR‐145, miR‐185, and miR‐221) on patients with low‐risk PCa who had been eligible for active surveillance but underwent radical prostatectomy. We investigated the correlation between the relative expression of miRNAs and clinicopathologic parameters to evaluate their clinical significance.

Abstract Genitourinary system tumors are the most common tumors with bone metastases. Bone metastases are observed in advanced prostate, bladder and kidney cancers. The health-related quality of life is affected significantly in these patients, due to the skeletal-related events. Men who receive androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer are under more risk for osteoporosis. Pathological bone fractures, compression of the spinal cord, requirement of radiotherapy or surgical intervention to bone, and hypercalcemia due to cancer are the skeletal-related events that develop in these patients. In addition to the corrections in living conditions, exercise, reducing smoking and alcohol consumption, and calcium and vitamin D supplements; the biphosphonates have become an indispensible part of the treatment to prevent these events with their benefits demonstrated in various studies in the recent years. Especially zoledronic acid, which is well tolerated with intravenous application, is used both in the treatment of bone metastases and in prevention of skeletal-related events. Currently, biphosphonates are recommended in various treatment guidelines to treat bone metastasis in a variety of cancers.

Introduction: Our aim was to evaluate and share our urethrocutaneus fistula repair results in adult patients who had been operated for hypospadias in their childhood. Material and methods: The data of totally 48 patients who had been treated for urethrocutaneous fistula after hypospadias surgery in our department from May 2008 to January 2015 analyzed retrospectively. Patients' age at fistula repair, age at first hypospadias surgery, fistula size, localization and number, distal urethral obstruction status and surgical outcomes of fistula repairs were recorded. All patients were controlled three months after the repair for surgical outcomes. Results: Fistula repair performed in 45 patients. Mean age was 21.46 (20-26). Nineteen patients (42.2%) underwent first hypospadias surgery under the age of 7 years; 8 patients (17.7%) between 7 and 15 years, 18 patients between 15 and 20 years. Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU) was performed in 40 patients (88.9%), extragenital tissue was used in 5 patients (11.1%). Twenty two patients (48.9%) had 1 or 2 operations, 17 patients (37.8%) had 3-5 operations and 6 patients (13.3%) had 6 or more operations. Thirteen (28.9%) coronal, 24 (53.3%) subcoronal, 6 (13.3%) penile and 2 (4.4%) penoscrotat fistulas were observed. While a single fistula was observed in 35 patients, multiple fistulas were seen in 10 patients. A fistula diameter les than 5 mm was detected in 37 patients, and larger than 5 mm in 8 patients. Fistula recurrence was observed in 3 patients at follow-up examinations carried out at 3 months postoperatively. The number of operations was more than 5, the fistula diameter was larger than 5 mm and the fistulas were coronal in all three recurrent fistulas. Conclusion: According to our results fistula size, previous surgery and well-vascularised, one or two layer tissue were the important factors in the success of fistula repair after hypospadias surgery. (C) 2017 Asociacion Espanola de Andrologia, Medicina Sexual y Reproductiva. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Giris: Bu calismada varikosel ile ortalama platelet hacmi arasindaki iliskiyi arastirmayi amacladik. Gerec ve Yontem: Uroloji poliklinigine kontrol amaciyla basvuran hastalar calismaya dahil edildi. Butun hastalarin fizik muayeneleri ayni uroloji uzmani tarafindan yapildi. Periferik venoz kan ornekleri ac karnina saat 8:30 ile 12:00 arasinda alindi. Tam Kan analizi kan alindiktan 2 saat icinde Mindray BC 5500 Auto Hematology Analyzer( (Mind-ray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China) cihazi ile yapildi. Hastalar iki gruba ayrildi. Grup 1: Grade III varikosel grubu; Grup 2: Kontrol grubu. Hastalarin yaslari, RBC, Hb, MCV ,WBC, PLT, MPV degerleri kaydedildi. Istatistiksel analiz SPSS for windows ver. 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) kullanilarak yapildi. Istatistiksel anlamlilik p < 0.05 olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Ekim 2014 ile Mart 2015 tarihleri arasinda 309 hasta calismaya dahil edildi. Ortalama yas 22.94±1.71, ortalama RBC 5.29±0.43, ortalama Hb 16.21±1.03, ortalama MCV 91.01±5.96, ortalama WBC 6.97±1.76, ortalama PLT 248.01±56.76, ortalama MPV 10.89±6.40 idi. 144 hastada grade III varikosel ve 165 hastada normal fizik muayene bulgulari mevcuttu. Her iki grubun yaslari benzerdi. RBC, Hb, MCV, WBC degerleri her iki grup arasinda farkli degildi. Platelet degerleri varikosel grubunda anlamli sekilde dusuktu. MPV degerleri varikosel grubunda yuksekti, fakat bu istatistiksel olarak anlamli degildi. Sonuc: Ortalama platelet hacmi varikosel grubunda yuksek olmasina ragmen istatistiksel olarak anlamli degildi. Buna bagli olarak ortalama platelet hacmi varikoselin patofizyolojisi ile ilgili olmayabilir.