The production of mini shallot bulbs from true seed offers potential advantages for efficient propagation and high-quality seed systems. This study evaluated the responses of shallot growth and bulb miniaturization to planting density and paclobutrazol root-dipping under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three planting densities (100, 200, and 300 plants m-²) as main plots and four paclobutrazol concentrations (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg L-¹) as subplots. Growth traits, yield components, biochemical attributes, and geometric characteristics were analysed using ANOVA, regression, and correlation analyses. Paclobutrazol temporarily reduced plant height and leaf number during early growth but did not significantly affect bulb size, bulb weight, or pigment composition at harvest. In contrast, planting density markedly influenced plant morphology and yield distribution. Increasing density significantly decreased bulb diameter, fresh weight, and biomass per plant, while increasing the proportion of mini bulbs and single-bulb formations. Leaf pigment stability across treatments indicated no evidence of physiological stress associated with either factor. Regression analysis further showed that planting density exhibited stronger predictive relationships with yield parameters than paclobutrazol concentration. Overall, the findings indicate that bulb miniaturization in true-seed shallot is primarily associated with planting density rather than paclobutrazol application, highlighting high-density planting as a practical approach for mini-bulb production systems.

Salinity stress is a significant limiting factor in shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) production, affecting ion homeostasis and plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate the role of salicylic acid (SA) in enhancing salt tolerance in shallots grown from true shallot seeds (TSS) under medium saline conditions maintained at ± 5.8 dS/m. A factorial experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with four SA concentrations (0, 1, 1.5, and 2 mM) and three transplanting ages (28, 35, and 42 days after sowing). Saline conditions were induced by applying 2,922 ppm NaCl (equivalent to 5.8 dS/m) to the growing medium every five days, starting at 10 days after planting (DAP). SA was administered by spraying it onto the leaves at 14, 17, 20, and 23 DAP. The results of the study show that the SA application significantly influences Na⁺ and K⁺ uptake of shallot plants grown in saline conditions of 5.8dS/m, reducing Na⁺ accumulation while increasing K⁺ content in plant tissues. The Na⁺/K⁺ selective absorption index (SAI) also decreased below 1.0 in the 1–1.5 mM SA treatments, indicating improved ionic balance and stress tolerance. The 1.5 mM SA concentration resulted in the highest bulb dry weight (12.07 g), stover dry weight (25.92 g), and bulb number per plant (3.89). Moreover, it produced the highest proportion of Grade 1 bulbs (78.17%) as per the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 3159:2013). Early transplanting at 28 DAS further improved yield parameters. These findings suggest that moderate SA application, particularly at 1.5 mM, can mitigate salinity stress and enhance productivity in shallot cultivation by improving ion regulation and physiological performance.

Kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan di kelompok Tani Talakaya Desa Campagaya Kecamatan Galesong, Kabupaten Takalar dengan masalah pemanfaatan pekarangan yang belum optimal. Sebagian besar pekarangan hanya ditanami tanaman hias atau bahkan dibiarkan terlantar. Selain itu, petani juga memiliki keterbatasan pengetahuan dalam budidaya cabai dan akses terhadap pupuk organik. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan pekarangan dengan menanam cabai menggunakan teknologi produksi lipat ganda (Proliga) yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dan ekonomi keluarga. Beberapa komponen teknologi proliga yang diterapkan, diantaranya: (1) Menggunakan varietas unggul yang adaptif; (2) Menggunakan sistem persemaian sehat; (3) Meningkatkan populasi tanaman; (4) Melaksanakan pengelolaan hara, tanah, dan air; dan (5) Pengendalian hama dan penyakit. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini meliputi penyuluhan, pelatihan pembuatan rumah semai, pembuatan pupuk organik cair, zat pengatur tumbuh, dan pestisida nabati. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kelompok tani dalam budidaya cabai, terbukti dengan kemampuan mereka menghasilkan produk pertanian yang lebih efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Manfaat kegiatan ini selain membantu meningkatkan ketahanan pangan keluarga melalui produksi cabai sendiri, juga berpotensi mengurangi biaya rumah tangga dan meningkatkan pendapatan. Kegiatan ini berhasil mencapai tujuan dengan optimalisasi pekarangan sebagai sumber pangan dan pendapatan tambahan bagi keluarga. Kata kunci: Proliga, cabai, pekarangan, pangan, ekonomi keluarga. ABSTRACT This activity was carried out in the Talakaya Farmers group, Campagaya Village, Galesong District, Takalar Regency, which faced the problem of suboptimal yard use. Most yards are only planted with ornamental plants or even left neglected. Apart from that, farmers also have limited knowledge of cultivating chilies and access to organic fertilizer. This activity aims to optimize the use of the yard by planting chilies using double production technology (Proliga), which is expected to increase food security and the family economy. Several components of the proliga technology implemented include: (1) using adaptive superior varieties; (2) using a healthy nursery system; (3) increasing plant populations; (4) carrying out nutrient, soil and water management; and (5) pest and disease control. The methods used in this activity include counseling, training in making seedling houses, liquid organic fertilizer, and vegetable pesticides. The activity results show an increase in the knowledge and skills of farmer groups in chili cultivation, as evidenced by their ability to produce more efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural products. The benefits of this activity not only help increase family food security through their chili production but also have the potential to reduce household costs and increase income. This activity achieved its objectives by optimizing the yard as a food source and additional income for the family. Keywords: Proliga, chili, home garden, food, family economy.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh berbagai media tanam dan konsentrasi air kelapa terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualitas produksi microgreens selada merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Green House CoE Teaching Farm Fakultas Pertanian pada ketinggian tempat 9 mdpl dengan suhu rata-rata 26,5o C. Analisis kandungan klorofil, karotenoid, dan flavonoid dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Jamur Pangan dan Pupuk Hayati, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, pada bulan Februari hingga April 2023. Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan percobaan Faktorial 2 Faktor (F2F) dengan Rancangan Acak kelompok (RAK) sebagai rancangan lingkungan. Faktor pertama media tanam yang terdiri atas 3 taraf yaitu: cocopeat, arang sekam, rockwool. Faktor kedua konsentrasi air kelapa yang terdiri atas 4 taraf yaitu: 0%, 15%, 30%, dan 45%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi antara berbagai media tanam dengan konsentrasi air kelapa terhadap pertumbuhan dan kualitas produksi microgreens selada merah. Perlakuan media tanam arang sekam memberikan hasil tertinggi pada tinggi tanaman (2.83 cm), panjang akar (5.95 cm), bobot segar tajuk (8.69 g), dan kandungan flavonoid (2.991 mg L-1), media tanam cocopeat memberikan hasil tertinggi pada kandungan klorofil a (25.62 mg L-1), klorofil b (12.30 mg L-1), klorofil total (37.91 mg L-1) dan karotenoid (238.94 µmol L-1). Konsentrasi air kelapa 15% memberikan hasil tertinggi pada panjang akar (5.58 cm), bobot segar tajuk (8.52 g), kandungan klorofil a (25.11 mg L-1), klorofil b (12.10 mg L-1) dan klorofil total (36.49 mg L-1) dan konsentrasi air kelapa 30% memberikan kandungan vitamin C tertinggi yaitu 782.08 mg kg-1.

This study aims to characterize four local chili genotypes from Gorontalo based on quantitative and qualitative traits. In addition, it seeks to determine the effects of genotype and fruit maturity on germination performance, plant growth, and yield. The research was conducted both in the laboratory and in the field. Characterization was carried out by selecting 10 plants per variety according to the applicable descriptors. Agronomic evaluation of chili plants was conducted under laboratory and field conditions. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement with two treatment factors. The first factor was genotype, comprising four local varieties: Diti, Malita FM, Samia, and Siropu. The second factor was fruit maturity level, categorized as 50%, 75%, and 100% maturity. The characterization of four local chili genotypes from Gorontalo revealed significant morphological, germination, and growth-performance variations that underscore the importance of genotype and seed maturity in influencing overall plant performance. Samia and Siropu consistently demonstrated superior traits across all parameters. Malita FM showed potential for high performance but only when seeds were harvested at full maturity. In contrast, Diti displayed strong vegetative traits but poor reproductive output and low germination vigor.

Chili is one of Indonesia's primary horticultural commodities, with increasing demand annually for both domestic consumption and export. However, its productivity remains low in several regions, including South Sulawesi, due to limited adoption of modern cultivation technologies and suboptimal agricultural practices. To address these challenges, the Double Production Program (Proliga) was designed to significantly boost chili productivity among the Tunas Muda farmer group in Parangmata Village, Takalar Regency. Proliga is an innovative technology package comprising healthy seedling preparation, the use of superior varieties, zigzag planting systems, precise nutrient, soil, and water management, and eco-friendly pest and disease control methods to double chili yields during both the main growing season (on-season) and the off-season. The implementation methods included socialization, outreach, technical training, technology implementation assistance, and participatory evaluation. The program achieved several key outcomes: 1) the development of appropriate technological products, such as biochar from corn cobs, liquid organic fertilizer, and plant growth regulators from fermented young coconut water; 2) an increase in chili productivity by up to 30% on farmers' fields; and 3) dissemination through scientific publications in SINTA-indexed journals and various online media platforms.This program supports the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in combating poverty and hunger, by improving chili productivity and farmer income. The modern technology approach applied has significant potential for sustainability and replication in other regions. --- Cabai merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura utama di Indonesia dengan permintaan yang terus meningkat setiap tahun, baik untuk kebutuhan domestik maupun ekspor. Namun, produktivitasnya masih rendah di berbagai wilayah, termasuk Sulawesi Selatan, akibat keterbatasan adopsi teknologi budidaya modern dan praktik pertanian yang kurang optimal. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, program pendampingan penerapan teknologi Produksi Lipat Ganda (Proliga) dirancang untuk meningkatkan produktivitas cabai secara signifikan pada kelompok tani Tunas Muda di Desa Parangmata, Kabupaten Takalar. Proliga merupakan paket teknologi inovatif yang mencakup pesemaian sehat, penggunaan varietas unggul, sistem tanam zigzag, pengelolaan hara, tanah, dan air yang presisi, serta pengendalian hama dan penyakit berbasis ramah lingkungan untuk melipatgandakan hasil produksi cabai, baik pada musim tanam utama (on-season) maupun di luar musim tanam (off-season). Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan meliputi sosialisasi, penyuluhan, pelatihan teknis, pendampingan implementasi teknologi, dan evaluasi hasil secara partisipatif. Program ini berhasil mencapai beberapa hasil utama, yaitu: 1) pengembangan produk teknologi tepat guna, seperti biochar dari jenggel jagung, pupuk organik cair, dan zat pengatur tumbuh dari air kelapa muda fermentasi; 2) peningkatan produktivitas cabai hingga 30% pada lahan petani; dan 3) publikasi ilmiah di jurnal terindeks Sinta serta penyebarluasan informasi melalui berbagai media online. Program ini mendukung pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), khususnya dalam mengatasi kemiskinan dan kelaparan, melalui peningkatan produktivitas cabai dan pendapatan petani. Pendekatan teknologi modern yang diterapkan memiliki potensi besar untuk keberlanjutan dan replikasi di daerah lain.

One effort to increase shallot production is the use of beneficial fungi. This research aims to determine the interaction between variety, type of fungus, and application dose on the growth and yield of shallot plants. The experimental design was a split-split-plot design consisting of 3 treatment factors. The main plot of varieties consists of Maserati, Sanren F1, Lokananta, and Tuk-Tuk. The subplots are types of fungi consisting of Trichoderma asperellum, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Glomus sp. The sub-subplots, namely fungus application doses, consist of 0 g, 7 g, and 14 g. The interaction between the three treatment factors variety, fungus type, and application dose is only significant in the chlorophyll index parameter. This significant interaction was observed in the combination of the Maserati variety with the application of Metarhizium anisopliae at a dose of 7 g. Growth characteristics such as plant height and number of leaves were individually affected by the variety and the type of fungus used. Likewise, regarding production parameters, bulb diameter was only influenced by the interaction between the variety and the type of fungus and the variety and the application dose. Observations of the stomata opening area were only influenced individually by the variety. In contrast, the density of the stomata was influenced by the interaction between the variety and the type of fungus. Overall, the influence of varieties is highly dominant, so cultivar selection is an important aspect to consider in shallot cultivation.

This study aimed to evaluate and analyze the effect of priming using GA3 on the growth of various shallot varieties from seeds. This pot study was conducted at Exfarm, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University from July to September 2022. The research was arranged in factorial with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two treatment factors. The first factor was seed priming consisting of control or no priming (S0), priming with water (S1), 25 mg L-1 GA3 (S2), 50 mg L-1 GA3 (S3) and 75 mg L-1 GA3 (S4). The second factor is the variety consisting of Tuk-Tuk (v1), Sanren F1 (v2), Lokananta (v3), and Maserati (v4). Seed performance testing is carried out by planting prime seeds in pots. Meanwhile, parameters observed included six agronomic parameters and three chlorophyll parameters. The results show that priming with GA3 at concentration of 75 mg L-1 significantly influence the plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, chlorophyll b content, and total chlorophyll. Variety treatments recorded different responses to various parameters. The Lokananta variety recorded the highest average plant height and dry seedling weight. The Maserati variety recorded the largest average diameter of pseudo stems. Meanwhile, the interaction between GA3 at 75 mg L-1 and the Maserati variety has a significant effect on the root length of shallot seedlings. Then, the interaction between Tuk-Tuk varieties and GA3 75 mg L-1 priming gave the best effect on chlorophyll content.

Shallot bulbs have a dormancy period, so they must be stored for 3-4 months. This condition inhibits the acceleration of planting, which has a short time, so efforts are needed to accelerate the dormancy period by using hydrogen peroxide. This research was carried out from June to July 2023 at the Screen House, Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. The study was arranged in a randomized block design with a two-factor factorial design. The first factor is the variety of Mentes, Rubaru, Violetta 2 Agrihorti, Kramat 1, and Ambassador 3 Agrihorti. The second factor is hydrogen peroxide concentration with three levels, namely 0%, 10% and 20%. The results showed that breaking the dormancy of shallot bulbs using hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 20% effectively triggered the process of bulb growth in the various shallot varieties tested, marked by an increase in the percentage of rooted and sprouted bulbs. The Rubaru and Mentes varieties had an excellent response to 20% hydrogen peroxide immersion, indicated by a shorter rooting and sprouting time, compared to other varieties and concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of 20% can be used to break dormancy in shallot bulbs. However, further studies are needed on growth and production in the field and the quality and safety of shallot bulbs. Keywords: Bulb, Dormancy, Hydrogen peroxide, Shallot.

The assembly of cayenne pepper ( Capsicum frutescens L.) cannot be separated from the direction of qualitative character development. This is based on the role of qualitative characters in determining nutritional content and market segments. Therefore, the analysis of qualitative characters in the F-4 multiple cross cayenne pepper population needs to be done in determining the direction of line development in the next generation. The purpose of this study was to identify the inheritance pattern of qualitative traits and genotype grouping from a population of F-4 multiple cross lines. The research was conducted at the Experimental Field of Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. The study was designed with the concept of observation on 90 F-4 multiple cross chili lines and three parental cultivars (Dewata F1, Bara and Ungara). Observations focused on 10 qualitative characters. The analysis showed that there are two types of diversity in this population, namely centralized diversity and distributed diversity. Centralized diversity consists of leaf color, book color, leaf shape, canopy density, stem color, fruit shape, and fruit tip shape. In contrast, characters that have a diverse distribution are crown color, young and old chili fruit color. The distribution results show three main groups, namely the Dewata-Bara group (27 genotypes), the Ungara group (16 genotypes) and the rest are groups outside of these two groups. Based on the whole study, the results of this evaluation are recommended as a consideration for the selection of F-5 lines in supporting the direction of releasing chili cultivars from multiple cross.

Increasing shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) production can be done by application of botanical or true shallot seeds (TSS). Meanwhile, it is well understood that botanical seeds are difficult to produce due to shallots' low flowering capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the generative traits of three local shallot varieties affected by various doses of zinc (Zn). This study was structured using a split-plot design, where the main plots were varieties (Lokana, Rubaru, and Ambassador 3 Agrihorti). In addition, the sub-plot treatment, the dose of zinc (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 kg ha-1), was repeated three times. There is an effect of the main factor (variety) where Rubaru and Ambassador 3 Agrihorti show the fastest umbel emergence. In addition, our data show the interaction effects on the age of sheat breaking, flower blooming (DAP), morphology traits of generative organs, and leaf traits. In detail, Lokana with a Zn dose of 1.5 ha-1 shows the best results on the length and diameter of the umbel stalk; Rubaru with Zn 1 kg ha-1 on the age of broken sheath and chlorophyll index; and the Ambassador 3 Agrihorti with Zn 0.5 kg ha-1 on the number of flowers. On the one hand, it can be concluded that each variety responded differently to the dose of Zn. Concerning seed production, on the other hand, the Ambassador 3 Agrihorti with Zn 0.5 kg ha-1 has better potential to be developed for TSS, as seen from the number of flowers per umbel, a higher percentage of flowering plants and a relatively fast flowering time than other varieties.

The increasing demand for shallots is inversely proportional to the quality of the current production. Efforts to improve and increase quality of production are selection of good varieties and add plant regulatory substances has also become the focus of many researchers in their effect on plant growth. Therefore, research was carried out on the effect of the varieties and also plant regulatory substances namely paclobutrazol on the growth and production of shallot plants. This research was carried out at the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University from August to November 2021. This research was carried out as a factorial experiment in a split plot design, as the main plot, namely the botanical seed varieties of shallot (v) consists of 3 varieties, namely the Lokananta varieties (v1), Maserati varieties (v2), and Sanren varieties (v3), as a sub-plot, namely the concentration of paclobutrazol consists of 4 levels, namely 0 ppm (k0), 100 ppm (k1), 200 ppm (k2) and 300 ppm (k3). The research results showed that the interaction of the Sanren varieties with paclobutrazol concentration of 100 ppm gave the best results on the weight of fresh stover per plant (26.04 g), weight of dry stover per plant (19.23 g) and production per hectare (9.20 ton/ha). The Sanren varieties gave the best results on chlorophyll a (387.23 μmol.m −2 ), chlorophyll b (187.12 μmol.m −2 ), total chlorophyll (564.14 μmol.m −2 ) and number of tubers (1.81). Paclobutrazol concentration of 100 ppm gave the best results on plant height (43.07 cm) and number of leaves (6.24 strands), while paclobutrazol concentration of 200 ppm gave the best results on tuber diameter (23.13 mm) and paclobutrazol concentration of 300 ppm gave the best results on the number of tubers (1.54).

The present study was initiated to determine whether isolates from soil and roots of paddy plants can affect the paddy plant’s growth and productivity. The study was conducted to answer the question, “Can paddy rice be grown when the NPK doze is reduced?” This study aims to apply the methanotroph bacteria on the growth and production of lowland rice. The research field was carried out in the rice fields of Amparita Village, TelluLimpoe District, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi. This research was conducted from June to September 2020. The plants were arranged in a split plot Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), the main plot, namely, the NPK fertilizer dosage treatment (P) with 4 treatments, namely, without NPK fertilizer, 75 g/plot, 150 g/plot, and 360 g/plot. The subplots were methanotroph bacteria application with 4 treatments, namely: without bacteria, 106 CFU per ml of methanotroph, 107 CFU per ml of methanotroph, and 108 CFU per ml of methanotroph. The results showed that there was an interaction between the NPK fertilizer and methanotrophic bacteria. The best results were obtained on the combination of 360 g per plot of NPK fertilizer and methanotrophic bacteria with 106 CFU per ml on the observation of plant height (111.17 cm), and the combination of NPK fertilizer 0 g per plot and methanotrophic bacteria with 0 CFU per ml on the observation of fresh weight of grain was the highest (70.44 g), whereas the combination of NPK fertilizer treatment 360 g/plot and bacteria methanotroph 0 CFU per ml on the observation of dry weight of grain was 43.89 g. NPK fertilizer 360 g/plot and bacteria methanotroph 106 CFU per ml at an observation weight of 100 grains was the highest number (3.53 g).

This study was conducted to determine the best practices for combination of planting media and coconut water concentration on large chilies growth characteristics using multivariate analysis. The second aim was to determine the best combination of temperature and cultivation combination for post-harvest characteristics of large chilies using non-parametric analyses. The study was conducted in Jeneponto Regency, Indonesia, at 100 meters above sea level with dusty clay soil and 21-34 °C temperatures. The study used two experimental set up. The first experiment was arranged in split-plot design with planting media (combination of soil, compost or husk charcoal) as main factor (3 level) and concentrations of coconut water as subplot (4 levels). The second experiment was the temperature conditions (the room and refrigeration temperature conditions) as the post-harvest experiment after the first experiment that arranged with a nested design. The observation parameters were consisted of 9 growth parameters in the first experiment analyzed by multivariate analyses and 2 post-harvest parameters in the second stage by non-parametric analyses. Based on the results of multivariate and non-parametric analyses, increase was observed in the cultivation technology effectiveness. The variance of growth and post-harvest characteristics of large chilies were more influenced by the coconut water than the planting media effect. Furthermore, the best concentration of coconut water in large chilli is expected to occur at 15%, with a blend of refrigeration temperature for post-harvest treatment. This value is recommended in the urban farming of large chillies, using organic applications

Lampung is one of the centers for shallot development in Indonesia. The application of location-specific off-season shallot cultivation technology and the use of superior varieties is expected to be able to guarantee its availability throughout the year and overcome price fluctuations. For this reason, it is necessary to study the cultivation of off-season shallots with varieties in accordance with market demand. This activity was carried out in Tanggamus Regency, from January to December 2018. The experimental design was the Split Plot, where the main plot was the use of mulch and without mulch and as sub-plots were three shallot varieties, namely: 1. Bima Brebes; 2. Trisula; and 3. Bali Karet varieties. Each treatment was repeated four times. The data obtained were analyzed using variance with DMRT at the 5% level. The results of the study show that off-season shallot cultivation is promising to be cultivated by farmers with an average of 14.59 tonnes/ha using Bima Brebes, Trisula, and Bali Karet varieties. Bali Karet variety has good prospects to be developed and planted off-season because they are more resistant to pests and diseases and have the highest production (20.87 tonnes/ha) compared to Bima Brebes and Trisula varieties.

The research aims to determine the varieties and composition of the planting media that provide the best growth and production, to determine which varieties provide the best growth and production of chili plants, one of the compositions of the planting medium that provides the best growth and production of chili plants, and to determine the parameters that high heritability value. The research took place from January to April 2019. The study used a separate plot design. The main plot is the composition of the planting medium which consists of 3 types of composition, namely: Burnt Husk, Cocopeat, and Baked Husk: Cocopeat 1: 1. Sub-plot, namely cayenne pepper, 5 varieties of chili, namely: Bara, Pelita 8 F1, Merapi, Sonar, and Centil. The results showed that the treatment that gave the highest growth and production was the treatment of cocopeat growing media with Sonar varieties with a value of 10.22 g/plant. The planting medium that gave the highest growth and production was the treatment of roasted husk growing media: cocopeat 1: 1 with a value of 8.68 g/plant. The variety that had the highest growth and production was the Sonar variety treatment with a value of 9.43 g/plant. Parameters that give high heritability are plant height, number of productive branches, flowering age, harvest age, fresh root weight, root volume, number of fruit harvested, production, and fruit length.

The increase of public consumption of red onion urge the increased production in order to meet consumer needs. To increase red onion production, it is necessary to formulate cheap and easy technology. This study aims to examine the effect of Bacillus subtilis on the growth and production of red onion ( Allium ascalonicum ). The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Diseases, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases and Experimental Fam Land, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar. The study was conducted from February to April 2020. 80-days old red onion were treated with Bacillus subtilis bacteria consisting of 4 levels, namely control (p0), 10 4 density (p1), 10 8 density (p2), and 10 12 density (p3). The results showed that the application of Bacillus subtilis affected the number of leaves, number of stems (tillers), number of bulbs, bulbs diameter (mm), and bulbs wet weight per plant (grams) with the best treatment at a density of 10 8 (p2). The rate of sprouting was not affected by the application of Bacillus subtilis.

This study aims to determine the best combination of bio-slurry and Trichoderma harzianum on melon production. The research was conducted in Lassang Village, North Polombangkeng District, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi from June to August 2020. The experiment was set using a randomized block design with the application of bio-slurry fertilizer as the first factor consisted of control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mL/L bio-slurry. The second factor was Trichoderma harzianum dose consisted of 0,100, 200, and 300 g/L. The results show that the application of 75 mL/L bio-slurry and 200 g/L Trichoderma harzianum resulted in thickest fruit meat (26.47 mm). Melon treated with Bio-slurry of 100 mL/L and 200 g/L Trichoderma harzianum produced the highest number of seeds (285.2 seeds) and higher concentration of the microbes of 300 g/L resulted in the highest Brix content (6.0% Brix) and the highest organoleptic test (2.90). The singe effect of Bio-slurry treatment of 100 mL/L also produced the earliest flowering age (14.40 days), the highest number of fruits (4.10 pieces), the heaviest fruit weight (205.20 g), and the highest average of fruit diameter (24.22 mm).