Background and PurposeWhile empirical studies in Iraq have examined sociodemographic characteristics and modes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, including but not limited to those involving key populations, there remains a critical lack of synthesizing these studies. Therefore, the purpose of this syetematic review is to comprehensively synthesis the available empirical evidence to understand the sociodemographic characteristics and modes of HIV transmission in Iraq, with the goal of informing future strategies for prevention, treatment, and care.MethodThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used. Seven electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL with Full text, PsychINFO, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE with FULL Text (EBSCO)) were searched between 1986 and December 2024. Inclusion criteria were original studies that reported sociodemographic factors and modes of HIV transmission among people living with HIV. A total of 854325 records were identified, but 6 studies met the inclusion criteria. We synthesized data using a convergent integrated approach to identify key themes.FindingsHIV prevalence was high in urban areas, single, low educational levels, employed, and low economic status people. The most common modes of HIV transmission were heterosexual, followed by blood transfusion, man who have sex with man, bisexual, and mother to infant, and surgery.ConclusionThe HIV is steady increasing. Therefore, enhancing HIV prevention, early detection, and treatment access are required.

The weathering phenomenon has been defined in diverse fields, including nursing, sociology, and public health. Throughout its development, the concept of weathering has undergone significant expansion in meaning and evolution. Furthermore, a substantial gap in the literature exists, as no concept papers have specifically explored weathering in psychiatric nursing. This paper used the Walker and Avant concept analysis method to examine the concept of weathering in psychiatric nursing and establish a clear theoretical definition. This includes identifying the defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of weathering. This comprehensive analysis also includes illustrative cases that demonstrate the effects of weathering on nurses' health outcomes. A deeper understanding of this concept may enable the development of practical assessment tools to address weathering's underlying causes. Ultimately, this knowledge may empower us to enhance nurses' overall health outcomes, ensuring their well-being and success. Further research is recommended to gain a comprehensive understanding and define weathering in psychiatric nursing, informing evidence-based strategies that address its challenges and promote nurses' well-being.

The long-term impact of social and political policies can leave a legacy of unanticipated consequences that affect future generations. Redlining is a policy that, decades later, continues to fuel poor social determinants of health, resulting in health disparities. The negative impact of this policy on the health and well-being of children in redlined communities continues to be significant. This article provides an in-depth account of redlining as a policy and its impact on social determinants of health, child health, and well-being. Nurses have been rated as the most trusted profession in the United States for the past 23 years. Because of this high public trust, nurses are well-positioned to make a positive impact on reducing health disparities through education, advocacy, politics, and policy.

BACKGROUND:Adolescents undergo overwhelming physiological, psychological, social, and cognitive changes. The stress can be worse when they must meet cultural expectations. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding the cultural impact on adolescent mental health. PURPOSE:The phenomenological study aimed to describe Omani female adolescents' lived experiences with mental health issues within their cultural context and future well-being. METHODS:The study employed semi-structured individual interview questions using a secured videoconferencing Zoom meeting. The participants were recruited using purposive sampling. The participants included single female Omani adolescents (aged: 18-24 years). A horizontalization analysis followed the transcription, translation, and backward translation process. FINDINGS:Twelve participants were included which was the point of data saturation. The study's findings revealed the following major themes: 1. The profound influence of Omani culture on female adolescent mental health; 2. The crucial impact of parenting on decision-making; 3. The sensitive issue of cultural taboo and 4. The alarming reality of mental health stigmatization. These findings underscore the urgent need for culturally relevant and age-appropriate interventions, emphasizing the potential impact of this study on the field. CONCLUSIONS:It is urgent that nurse leaders across levels (practice, education, research, and policy) actively collaborate with other stakeholders. Together, nurse leaders can initiate discussions and negotiations to reflect the health needs of Omani female adolescents through the development of protocols, interventions, guidelines, and policies that are culturally relevant and age-appropriate.

Background/Objectives: Job satisfaction is crucial for healthcare professionals, and understanding its influencing factors is essential for fostering a positive work environment, reducing turnover rates, and improving the overall quality of patient care. This systematic review examined the factors linked to nurse job satisfaction in psychiatric hospitals and diverse psychiatric settings, analyzing the findings through the lens of Herzberg’s theory. Despite existing evidence, gaps remain in understanding the differences in factors affecting job satisfaction across various settings. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review by searching six databases, namely PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus, and APA PsycNet. Our search yielded an initial 567 studies published between January 2014 and February 2024, which were subsequently screened and evaluated based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Following this process, a total of 16 studies were deemed eligible for final analysis. Each of these selected studies underwent an independent review by two authors, utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist tool to ensure rigorous assessment. Results: The findings revealed that interpersonal relationships, working conditions, and recognition were the most frequently reported factors associated with nurse job satisfaction, along with various extrinsic, intrinsic, personal, emotional, and psychosocial factors. Notably, psychiatric hospitals showed a mix of personal, extrinsic, intrinsic, and psychosocial factors influencing job satisfaction, with demographic factors being the most frequently examined. In contrast, diverse psychiatric settings focused more on external aspects impacting job satisfaction. Conclusions: The review highlights the importance of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors and suggests that future research should employ more robust methods and consider psychiatric hospitals and other mental health contexts. Herzberg’s theory provides a valuable framework for understanding the factors associated with nurse job satisfaction.

BACKGROUND:In Oman, limited access to adequately prepared healthcare providers in primary healthcare threatens the provision of quality care to patients and families and access to healthcare services. Nurse practitioners (NP) are in an excellent position to address safety issues and ensure quality healthcare with their advanced nursing skills, knowledge, and acumen for acceptable cultural and religious practices.AIMS:To explain Oman's national strategic plans, processes, challenges, opportunities, and both regional and global implications for the facilitation of NP role implementation and policies.SOURCES OF EVIDENCE:The Nursing and Midwifery Human Resources framework guided the NP implementation project. Guided by the framework, the World Health Organization and the Omani Ministry of Health conducted multiple situational analyses (2004-2016). Later, the NP role was planned and implemented in Oman. During and after implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the NP role implementation were continuously conducted using multiple focus groups, individual interviews, and field visits.DISCUSSION:The NP role implementation revealed multiple challenges and opportunities that either hinder or support NP role implementation. Additionally, the NP implementation project revealed various lessons learned.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY:National and global nursing leaders and health policymakers should collaborate to discuss NP issues, especially NP role sustainability, legal approval and recognition, prescriptive authority, title protection, practice acts, and professional regulation.CONCLUSION:This paper informs nursing leaders and policymakers in the Middle East and other countries in the global community about Oman's experience regarding NP role implementation.

Background: Colorectal cancer has become one of the most common types of cancer that affect patients’ self-care ability and quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implementing FOCUS-PDCA Procedure on clinical outcomes and quality of life among Egyptian patients with colorectal cancer undergoing colostomy. Design: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on sample of 100 patients with colorectal cancer were in the hospital to undergo a colostomy. Participants were randomized into an intervention and control group (n= 50/group). Measurements: (a) A Structured Interview Questionnaire; (b) Colostomy Patients' Clinical Outcomes Assessment, and (c) Stoma Quality of Life Questionnaires were used to assess the effect of the FOCUS-PDCA Procedure on their clinical outcomes and quality of life. Results: Among the subjects n=100, (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant difference between study and control groups in relation to time of intervention in self-care ability includes; Self – Care knowledge, Self-care skills, Self-care attitude, and quality of life which were higher in study group than control as (p=≤.001). Conclusion: FOCUS-PDCA Procedure was effective in improving self-care ability and quality of life. Recommendations: application of A FOCUS-PDCA Procedure on different setting on patients with colorectal cancer undergoing colostomy.

The purpose of this systematic review is to gather and analyze data from existing research on the effects of clinical supervision (CS) intervention on nurses’ job satisfaction and related outcomes such as stress levels, burnout, and care quality. Using the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) criteria, a systematic review of the research available in the databases PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL, well as Google Scholar, between January 2010 and May 2023 was carried out. Out of the 760 studies assessed, only 8 met the criteria for inclusion in the review based on Hawker’s assessment tool. The results indicate that CS has a positive impact on nurses’ job satisfaction and related outcomes such as reduced burnout, stress levels, and the quality of care. The study also found that the effectiveness of CS in enhancing job satisfaction was most evident during the 6-month follow-up period. However, nurses who did not receive CS did not show any noticeable improvement in their knowledge or practice. Additionally, nurses who required more efficient clinical oversight reported little to no positive impact on their practice or training. The review also highlighted gaps in knowledge regarding the frequency and number of sessions required for the impact of CS on nurses’ job satisfaction and other outcomes. Due to the limited number of studies included in this review, further research is recommended to evaluate the influence of CS on nurses’ job satisfaction.

For many children of color, the cumulative impact of pre-existing stressors, disparities, and pandemic-related losses has contributed to a toxic level of stress. Toxic stress can disrupt healthy brain development making children vulnerable to physical and mental health problems. School nurses are the primary health professionals who interact with children daily during the academic year, which positions them to identify risk factors within the social determinants of health that contribute to the development of toxic stress. The Toxic Stress Schema (TSS) provides a framework for assessment and care planning related to social determinants of health and potential sources of stress and/or buffering support for the physical and mental well-being of children. A case study approach is used to demonstrate the application of the TSS to school nursing and provide the basis for conceptualizing a plan of care and identifying resources to support the child's physical and mental health.

INTRODUCTION:The Toxic Stress Schema (TSS) is an ecological framework with a social justice lens for identifying and alleviating stress and strengthening social determinants of health for children and families of color impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the cumulative effects of racism and generational, systemic inequities.METHOD:Relevant literature is reviewed, and examples were provided to illustrate the differential impacts of the "stress superstorm" of 2020 had on children of color based on their family's position on the advantage-disadvantage continuum.RESULTS:The utility of the TSS framework as a model for advanced nursing practice is demonstrated, and recommendations are formulated for the pediatric nurse practitioner's role in health policy.DISCUSSION:The COVID-19 pandemic elucidated the historical inequities experienced by children and families of color. The TSS framework provides a model for recognizing, organizing, and implementing.

MHealth provides a new way of promoting hypertension self-management behaviors. However, the acceptance, feasibility, and effectiveness of interventions incorporating mHealth technology have been understudied in African-Americans with hypertension. This study aimed to explore participants' (n = 30) experiences using a community and technology-based intervention to self-manage their hypertension (COACHMAN). Focus groups were conducted with African-Americans living with hypertension. Focus groups were audio-recorded, and the data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis. Regarding the use of mHealth-enabled self-management hypertension interventions to support hypertension control among African-Americans, the thematic analysis produced the following five barrier themes: (a) lack of knowledge regarding how to use technology, (b) resistance to learning new technology, (c) lack of access to technology, (d) privacy and security concerns, and (e) issues with the medication management support features. Facilitator themes that emerged from the thematic analysis were all related to the intervention components, which were: (a) reminders, (b) rewards, and (c) education modules. This study focused on mHealth barriers and facilitators as described by African-Americans living with hypertension. Results provide a starting point for developing a mHealth intervention for African-Americans that incorporates a self-management program.

The study aimed to describe differences in the types of sexual abuse injuries between two age groups of children presenting to an emergency department. This descriptive correlational study explored the relationships between sexual abuse type and child's age using data from the hospital health records of 95 children ages 6-14 years. Descriptive analysis indicated that sexually abused child victims' ages were significantly associated with different types of penetrations and mucosal tears or injuries (p < 0.05). These findings highlighted the need for increased awareness about the different types of physical trauma associated with the ages of the child victims.

This qualitative research study highlights medical mistrust as a significant barrier to quality health care for Black women. Unraveling mistrust is essential for reducing health disparities and improving well-being for women and their families. Three research sites were included: Florida, Ohio, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Three 90-minute focus groups were convened with 10 women in each of them. The discussions were recorded. Five themes will be discussed through the voices of women from each of the sites. Mistrust of healthcare professionals was associated with fears about being rejected, embarrassed, and misunderstood during the clinical encounter. Others reported that providers who were reluctant to make physical contact with them during the clinical visits provoked feelings that the color of their skin might seem "dirty." Finally, this research will help to inform discussions about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, which remains a critical health concern among Black women and healthcare providers.

Context: Patients with advanced cancer from Saudi Arabia are often not well informed about diagnoses, prognoses, and treatment options. Poor communication can lead to health-care decisions that insufficiently meet patients' preferences, concerns, and needs and that subsequently affect patients' quality of life. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between provider communication behaviors and the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer. Method: A cross-sectional, correlation design was used in the present study, in which 159 patients with confirmed diagnoses of stage III or IV solid cancer were surveyed. Results: The mean summary score of the patients' quality of life was 57.31. We found a significant relationship between provider communication behaviors and patient quality of life (β = 0.18, b = 0.35, SE = 0.15, p = 0.021). In addition, R2 shows that only 3.4% of variance in patient quality of life is predicated on provider communication behaviors. Conclusions: The relationship between provider communication behaviors and patient quality of life was low (r = 0.18). A possible reason for this is that provider communication behaviors are not the only factor that affects patient quality of life; other variables, such as the patient's age, cancer type, and level of awareness, can also have an effect. Another possible explanation is that communication behaviors between patients and providers may vary depending on the level of cultural contact.