松辽盆地北部石炭系—二叠系钻遇大套上二叠统林西组厚层暗色泥板岩.采用烃源岩地球化学及饱和烃气相色谱—质谱等方法,分析研究区烃源岩特征,研究有机质地球化学特征、母质类型和沉积环境的地质意义.结果表明:研究区烃源岩有机质丰度较高,多为中等—好烃源岩,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型,Ro 平均为 2.58%,大部分小于3.00%,成熟度处于高—过成熟的演化阶段.烃源岩Pr/Ph主要介于 0.16～1.81,平均为 0.49,植烷优势较明显,指示强还原到还原的沉积环境,有利于有机质保存.Pr/nC17、Ph/nC18及C27-C28-C29规则甾烷反映沉积有机质为高等植物与藻类等低等水生生物混合来源,以浮游植物贡献为主.松辽盆地北部上二叠统林西组烃源岩进入生气阶段,具有较好的页岩气勘探前景.该结果为松辽盆地深部油气勘探提供参考.

It is an important period for the tectonic evolution of the eastern segment of the Central Asia Orogenic Belt during the Late Permain to Middle Triassic, which involes the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the sharp changes of sedimentary environment. The stratotype of the 1st and 2nd Members of the Xingfuzhilu Formation was reinvestigated by the authors. Based on the sporopollen fossils and isotopic ages, combined with previous studies and field investigation, this paper offers some new understanding on the sedimentary succession of Xingfuzhilu Formation. Late Permian-Early Triassic Xingfuzhilu Formation which uses red-bed features as a divided point, is consisted of sand shale and pyroclastic rocks.The conglomerate which were considered as part of the lower member of xingfuzhilu Formation is actually younger than the middle triassic. In this case, this conglometrate should be not be classified as members of xingfuzhilu formation anymore.The sedimentary environment of the Upper part of Linxi Formation and Xingfuzhilu Formation is contemporaneous heterotopic facies. However, the lacustrine sediments of Linxi Foumation were deposited at the center of the basin while the red-bed of Xingfuzhilu Formation were deposited at the edge of the basin respectively. According to the above results and regional data, the study area is overall upper uplift during the period from Late Permain to Middle Triassic.It leads to the conclusion that the the final closure time of the Paleo-Asian Ocean is after Early Triassic.

Kuzigan alkaline intrusive complex is the largest Cenozoic alkaline complex in the Taxkorgan area of West Kunlun.In recent years,the research on the Kuzigan alkaline complex has mainly focused on the formation age of the rock mass and the source of magmatic materials,but little research has been done on its rare earth mineralization characteristics.Based on the geological background and petrochemical characteristics of Kuzigan complex,the metallogenic characteristics of this type of rare earth ore in Kuzigan area were discussed by means of field investigation,microscopic identification and main trace element analysis. Three samples were taken from aegirine syenite and one contrast sample was taken from syenogranite.The results show that the total rare earth content of all kinds of rocks in the alkali metasomatic rare earth ore of Kuzigan is rich,mainly manifested as Ce and Y enrichment,and positively correlated with F.The REE content of syenite varies from 888.05×10-6 to 1 320.17×10-6,and it is enriched in light rare earth elements（LREE/HREE=13.54～19.65）.The curves in the REE chondrite normalized diagram is generally right-leaning,and the differentiation degree of LREE and HREE is not large as a whole. No obvious anomalies of Eu and Ce are found,which has the common characteristics of alkaline syenite.The range of LREE fractionation parameter（La/Sm）N is 3.80 to 26.75.The HREE fractionation degree parameter（Gd/Yb）N varies from 2.94 to 7.98,indicating that the syenite has slight fractionation on both light and heavy rare earths,but the fractionation degree of light rare earth is greater than that of heavy rare earth.The ore-bearing rock of rare earth ore（mineralization） in the Kuzigan alkaline complex is medium-grained aegirine syenite,which contains accessory minerals such as fluorite,apatite and monazite,and is located near the internal contact zone with medium-grained quartz syenite,the two are in gradual contact. The Kuzigan alkaline complex has high REE content and strong LREE enrichment,which is mainly characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements such as Ce and Y,and is positively correlated with F.It has the prospect of finding alkaline metasomatic rare earth deposits,and should focus on strong potassic,aegirine and carbonate alteration zones.

In order to explore the oil and gas resource prospects in the Carboniferous–Permian strata in northern Songliao Basin, geological survey boreholes (HFD 1 and HFD 2) were drilled in the area, and thick dark mudstone and slate of the Upper Permian Linxi Formation were encountered. Source rock geochemistry analysis of the samples show that the organic matter abundance of the Upper Permian Linxi Formation source rock in the north of Songliao Basin is high, which belongs to medium to good source rock. The organic matter belongs to type Ⅱ, and it is in the evolution stage of highly mature to over mature. The Pr/Ph ratios of the source rocks range from 0.16 to 0.93, with an average of 0.53. The phytane predominance is obvious, and indicates a strong reduction to reduction sedimentary environment, which is conducive to the preservation of organic matter. Pr/nC17, Ph/nC18 and C27–C28–C29 regular steranes indicate that the organic matter was derived from a mixture of vascular plants and aquatic organisms such as algae, and is mainly contributed by phytoplankton. Through comprehensive analysis, it is considered that the source rocks of the Upper Permian Linxi Formation in northern Songliao Basin have entered the gas generation stage and have shale gas exploration prospects.

松辽盆地西缘土壤油气化探工作采用酸解烃法、紫外光谱法、荧光光谱法等分析测试方法,总结白城地区近地表甲烷、重烃、芳烃及其衍生物和蚀变碳酸盐的地球化学异常特征,圈定出七棵树Ⅰ级综合异常和前进马场Ⅲ级综合异常.七棵树Ⅰ级综合异常具有异常强度高、规模大的特征,异常区是白城地区最有利含油气远景区,且已有钻孔镇深1井取得较好的油气显示,是进一步勘探的主要方向.前进马场Ⅲ级综合异常规模小,指标组合简单,但强度较高,值得进一步关注.

对松辽盆地西部斜坡区中部吉白地2井上二叠统林西组的烃源岩发育特征及有机地球化学特征进行了系统研究.结果表明,该区上二叠统林西组暗色泥岩、板岩发育,单层最大厚度为29 m,累计厚度达138.42 m.有机碳含量为0.01％～2.10％,平均为0.62％,整体为中等烃源岩范畴,有机质丰度较高.应用干酪根碳同位素、干酪根元素法综合分析,判断其有机质类型以Ⅱ型干酪根为主,部分为Ⅲ型干酪根.镜质组反射率与伊利石结晶度分析表明烃源岩热演化达到高成熟—过成熟阶段,整体处于成岩作用阶段.综合评价认为该区上二叠统林西组具备一定的生烃潜力,且以生气为主,具有一定的页岩气资源前景.

对松辽盆地北部地区黑富地l井钻遇的上二叠统林西组碎屑岩样品进行微体化石以及主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素测试分析,进而探讨该区林西组时代、地球化学特征、沉积环境及构造背景.获得的Protohaploxypinus fertilis-Piceaepollenites opimus-Alisporites communis孢粉化石组合表明地层时代为晚二叠世.样品主量元素平均质量分数:SiO2为60.41％,CaO为3.65％,Al2O3为16.36％,K2O为2.69％,Na2O为3.25％,K2O/Na2O值介于0.40～7.01之间,Al2O3/(CaO+ Na2O)值介于0.92～6.89之间.稀土元素∑REE为63.20×10-6～208.05×10-6,平均值147.56×10-6;δEu介于0.56～1.34之间,平均为0.73,绝大部分表现为Eu负异常;δCe介于0.90～0.98之间,为弱的Ce负异常;呈现LREE富集、HREE亏损.微量元素以亏损Nb、Ta、Sr和相对较富集Rb、Ba、La、Sm、Pb、Nd为特征.碎屑岩元素分析和物源La/Th-Hf、TiO2-Ni等判别图表明,林西组具有多样性沉积物源,其碎屑岩沉积物主要源于长英质物质,少量来自基性岩.样品稀土元素标准化配分模式图、微量元素标准化蛛网图、K2O/Na2O-SiO2、构造背景判别函数(F1-F2)等分析结果及地球化学参数对比表明,松辽盆地北部黑富地l井林西组物源区构造背景主要为活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧,推测为形成于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘构造背景,所形成的沉积环境应为海陆过渡相逐渐转变为陆相.

大杨树盆地是松辽盆地外围重要的具有油气勘探潜力的中生代盆地.研究大杨树盆地嫩江组露头样品孢粉化石,建立雪松粉Cedripites—罗汉松粉Podocarpidites—雏囊粉Parcisporites组合.结果表明:大杨树盆地嫩江组建立的孢粉化石组合以三缝类孢子和双气囊类花粉为主,Schizaeoisporites属、Cyathidites属和被子植物花粉的质量分数较低,Classopollis属未见,组合特征与以往建立在松辽盆地的嫩江组孢粉组合明显不同.Lytharites、Pentapollenites、Callistopollenites、Consoliduspollenites、Retitricolpites和Borealipollis等具有时代意义的被子植物花粉化石的出现,明确大杨树盆地嫩江组的沉积时代为晚白垩世Campanian期.大杨树盆地嫩江组沉积时期古植被以松柏类、真蕨类和石松类为主,古气候环境属于湿润的亚热带.该结果对大杨树盆地地层及古气候研究具有指导意义,为盆地油气勘探提供基础地质支撑.

对松辽盆地北部黑富地3井所钻遇的侵入岩进行同位素U-Pb年代学分析,以探讨其形成期次和构造演化特征,并对所侵入的地层进行时代约束.测试分析结果显示,锆石206Pb/238U年龄的加权平均值为245.5±1.9 Ma,表明侵入岩的结晶年龄为早中三叠世,指示松辽盆地北部发育早中三叠世岩浆热事件.同时存在两组捕获的锆石年龄,一组介于269～295 Ma,年龄的加权平均值为289.0±6 Ma;另一组为313～353 Ma,年龄的加权平均值为338.0±3 Ma.捕获的锆石年龄指示松辽盆地北部基底或深部至少还经历了石炭纪和早—中二叠世等火山活动及岩浆侵位等事件.导致岩浆热事件的构造机制应与古亚洲洋的碰撞拼合及碰撞后的伸展体制有关.脉岩的结晶侵位年龄限制了地层的沉积时代上限,即碎屑岩地层是在245.5±1.9 Ma之前固结成岩.综合其他地质依据,证明碎屑岩层系为晚二叠世林西组.

"十三五"期间,松辽盆地及外围油气地质调查以"开辟新区,探索新层系,联合攻关新类型、新领域,支撑百年大庆油田建设"为目标,紧密围绕"松辽盆地陆相页岩油、外围中小盆地、石炭-二叠系与中新元古界深层系"三大领域,取得了一系列发现与进展:一是以基质型页岩油为主攻方向,实施页岩油参数井获工业油流,揭示松辽盆地陆相页岩油巨大资源潜力;二是阜新盆地辽阜地2井获工业油流,实现久攻不克区勘探突破,为传统煤炭资源枯竭型城市转型发展提供资源保障;三是以深层系、非常规为指导思想,实施石炭-二叠系与中新元古界油气资源调查取得新进展.结合新形势、新需求,提出"全盆地、大地质、多资源"综合调查等下阶段工作方向.

为厘清内蒙古林西县会长地一带出露的一套生物化石匮乏的砂砾岩组合的地质时代、地层归属及其碎屑物质来源,进而探讨西拉木伦河缝合带的形成演化,对研究区砂岩样品进行了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究.测试结果主要分布在6个年龄区间:(285±4)～(246±4)Ma(峰值为264Ma)、(317±5)～(293±4)Ma(峰值为310 Ma)、(610±10)～(344±6)Ma(主峰值为423 Ma)、(992±14)～(907±13)Ma、(1 467±18)～(1 424±22)Ma、(1 948±14)～(1 768±16)Ma,另具3颗年龄分别为(1 171±17)、(1 238±17)和(2 443±31)Ma的锆石.锆石CL图像与Th/U值共同指示绝大多数锆石为岩浆结晶锆石.264Ma的峰值年龄限定了地层的沉积下限为晚二叠世,应属林西组;沉积物源区示踪显示砂岩沉积时具佳蒙板块(北方地块群)与华北板块两个物源区,指示佳蒙板块(北方地块群)与华北板块于晚二叠世时已拼合,拼合位置为西拉木伦河一线.

北方陆相二叠系—三叠系界线研究是界线地层研究的重要问题之一,对采自内蒙古巴林右旗幸福之路组二段建组剖面的安山质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩开展锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,结果为(255.5±1.1)Ma,火山岩上部多个层位粉砂质泥岩中发现孢粉化石,计17属20种,时代为晚二叠世—早三叠世,推断幸福之路组的时代为晚二叠世—早三叠世,大兴安岭地区二叠系—三叠系界线在幸福之路组内部,二者为整合接触.幸福之路组以红层做为划分标志,岩性为正常沉积碎屑岩夹火山岩,见大量泥灰岩夹层、钙质结核及干裂现象,反映了炎热、干燥及强氧化条件的气候环境,大兴安岭地区晚二叠世晚期(幸福之路组二段下部)就已出现反映干旱气候的红层沉积,与相邻的华北及新疆准噶尔盆地相似.

为探讨松辽盆地北部林西组地球化学特征、沉积环境及构造背景,对该区黑富地1井所钻遇的上二叠统林西组暗色泥质板岩进行主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素测试分析,结果表明:样品主量元素平均质量分数SiO2为65.05％、Al2 O3为17.23％、CaO为2.58％、Na2O为2.84％、K2O为3.29％,K2O/Na2O值为0.20～3.48,A12 O3/(CaO+ Na2O)值为0.41～8.01;稀土元素ω(∑REE)值介于80.68×10-6～215.59×10-6之间,平均值为173.41×10-6,δEu值介于0.61～0.88之间,平均值为0.70,表现为Eu的负异常,δCe值介于0.91×10-6～1.01×10-6之间,为微弱的Ce负异常,LREE富集,HREE亏损;微量元素以亏损Nb、Ta、Sr,相对富集Rb、Ba、La、Ce、Pb、Nd、Sm为特征.样品元素分析和物源ω(TiO2)-ω(Ni)、La/Th-ω(Hf)等判别图解表明,林西组沉积物源具有多样性,主要来源于上地壳长英质物源,还有少量来自中、基性岩火成岩物源区.样品微量元素标准化蛛网图,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图,K2 O/Na2O-ω(SiO2)、Th-Co-Zr/10、F2-F1构造背景判别图及地球化学参数对比结果表明,松辽盆地北部林西组物源构造背景主要为活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧,可能形成于靠近大陆岛孤的活动大陆边缘构造背景.林西组应形成于海陆过渡相到陆相环境,水体由半咸水逐渐转变为淡水.

对内蒙古乌兰浩特地区出露的花岗岩侵入体进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学研究,以探讨该区花岗岩形成时代、成因类型和区域构造演化.结果显示,其锆石206 Pb/238 U年龄的加权平均值为(214.4±2.6)Ma,反映岩体的结晶年龄为晚三叠世.岩石主量元素具高硅、高碱、富钾,贫钙、贫镁及低钛的特征;稀土元素配分曲线呈"海鸥式"较弱的右倾分布特征,具有强烈的Eu负异常;微量元素Rb、Th、Zr、Y和Yb含量较高,Ba、Sr含量较低,岩石具有高的Rb/Sr、Rb/Nb值,显示为低Sr、高Yb型花岗岩的特征.综合分析显示花岗岩形成的压力较低,应为减薄地壳物质熔融的产物.综合区域构造演化和K2 O-Na2 O、(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)-(Na2 O+K2 O)/CaO、SiO2-TFeO/MgO、(Y+Nb)-Rb、(Yb+Ta)-Rb、Nb-Y-Ce图解分析,认为该岩体形成于造山后伸展构造背景,研究区由中三叠世的碰撞造山构造体制向晚三叠世造山后伸展构造体制转变,同时西伯利亚板块和华北板块的碰撞时限持续到中三叠世.

晚二叠世—中三叠世在中亚造山带东段构造演化过程中是承上启下的关键地质时期,所以晚二叠世林西组沉积环境对研究古亚洲洋闭合这一重大问题具有重要意义.大兴安岭地区晚二叠世林西组曾有双壳、叶肢介、植物及孢粉化石记录,但鲜有介形虫化石报道.在大兴安岭中段林西组研究中首次发现介形虫化石,经初步研究,主要分子有Kemeroviana,Volganella,Iniella,Qitaina,Darwinuloides, Palaeocypridopsis,Tomiella,Darwinula和Urumqiella等,暂划为Volganella-Kemeroviana组合,其时代为晚二叠世.与俄罗斯地台晚二叠世介形虫化石群关系较为密切,部分属种曾见于我国新疆准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地.从介形虫化石组合特征和保存特点来看,其生存环境为淡水湖泊,故认为这一地区的林西组为陆相沉积.

基于松辽盆地西部斜坡区嫩江组8个烃源岩抽提物中芳烃馏分的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,结果表明:研究区嫩江组烃源岩中检测到指示陆源高等植物来源的化合物,包括1,2,S-三甲基萘、卡达烯、惹烯、联苯、蒽及苝等,以及表征低等生物来源的(苊)和苯并藿烷等化合物,说明研究区嫩江组烃源岩有机质来源于陆源高等植物和低等生物的双重贡献.三芴系列和菲系列的综合分析表明:研究区嫩江组烃源岩形成于弱氧化的湖相环境.芳烃化合物成熟度参数,如烷基菲系列参数(MPI1)、烷基萘系列参数(DNR、TNR、TMNr、TeMNr)、三芳甾烷系列参数[C28-20S/(20S+ 20R)-TAS]、苯并着烷分布特征、二苯并噻吩系列参数(MDR、Rc4、Rc5)以及脱羟基维生素E系列参数-MTTC/γ-MTTC),指示研究区嫩江组烃源岩主体处于低成熟-成熟阶段.

采用饱和烃气相色谱、色谱—质谱技术,研究大兴安岭北部拉布达林盆地中生代烃源岩生物标志化合物特征,探讨有机质来源、热演化程度、沉积环境.结果表明:拉布达林盆地中生代烃源岩有机质丰度较高,有机质为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型干酪根,以混合来源为主,低等的水生物输入占优势,伴有一定的陆生高等植物输入;Pr/Ph为0.58～0.68,植烷的优势明显,倍半萜烷中8β(H)升补身烷的丰度高于8β(H)重排补身烷的,反映烃源岩形成于水体较深的还原环境;伽马蜡烷指数为0.29～0.33,沉积水体为具有一定盐度的微咸水沉积环境;(C20 TT+C21 TT)/(C23 TT+C24TT)、C24TET/C26TT丰度分别为0.67～0.90、0.44～0.54,显示咸水湖相烃源岩的特征;Ts/Tm、C29甾烷ββ/(ββ+αα)、C29甾烷20S/(20S+20R)丰度分别为0.72～0.92、0.43～0.44、0.47～0.49,反映烃源岩热演化程度较高.研究区中生代烃源岩形成于水体较深的微咸水还原条件下的古沉积环境,有利于有机质保存,整体为中等—好烃源岩,有机质以混合来源为主,热演化程度较高,具有一定的生烃潜力.

依据近年来实施的重、磁、电、震等物探资料和地质调查井钻探成果,分析了松辽盆地西部斜坡区油气地质条件,以及上古生界目的层、盖层和基底的物性特征,阐述了研究区不同类型T5界限之下的二叠系泥页岩的发育状况、岩石组合特征及其年代地层数据.基于相关目的层泥页岩的有机质丰度、成熟度、生烃潜力和录井气测异常情况等,指出富裕-宝山地区上古生界具有油气资源前景.论文还论述了所发现的三叠纪地层及其地质意义.针对西斜坡区复杂的构造岩浆活动特征和油气调查所面临的难点与挑战,从地层学研究、地球物理方法以及建造、改造和保存条件分析等方面,探讨了深层系油气资源调查的工作方法,结合钻探中发现的稠油和氦气等资源,探索性提出"全盆地、大地质、多资源、综合调查"的新时期公益性油气地质调查工作方向.

阿鲁科尔沁旗陶海营子剖面以灰、灰黑、黄绿色的砂板岩组合为特征,是林西组典型剖面之一,含双壳、叶肢介、植物和孢粉化石,结合碎屑锆石年龄,时代为晚二叠世晚期.本次所研究的林西组样品以暗色泥岩为主,主量元素平均含量SiO2=62.90％,Al2O3=16.85％,MgO=1.78％,CaO=1.01％,Na2O=1.64％,K2O=4.0％,K2O/Na2O为1.10～5.66;A12O3/(CaO+Na2O)比值为3.57～12.69;稀土元素ΣREE介于139.85×10-6～231.65×10-6之间,平均值为190.74×10-6,δEu值介于0.49～0.87之间,平均值为0.61,表现为铕的负异常,Ce介于0.91×10-6～0.96×10-,6之间,为负异常,LREE富集,HREE亏损,微量元素以亏损Nb、Ta、Sr,富集Rb、Ba、La、Ce、Pb、Nd、Sm为特征.以上分析表明林西组形成于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘构造背景.依据碎屑锆石年龄谱值信息,林西组沉积物源具多样性和复杂性,除东北各地块,同时存在华北板块和西伯利亚板块的物源信息,说明林西组沉积时期华北板块与西伯利亚板块可能已经开始俯冲过程.

以探查松辽盆地西缘高力板断陷油气资源前景为目的实施的高D1井,在巨厚层中生代火山岩之下钻遇中侏罗统万宝组、上二叠统林西组两套油气勘探层系.根据高D1井资料,探讨研究区地层充填序列及沉积特征,分析高D1井暗色泥岩有机地球化学特征.结果 表明:万宝组沉积环境为扇三角洲前缘沉积亚相,林西组沉积环境为滨浅湖和半深湖沉积亚相.万宝组烃源岩有机质丰度高、有机质类型为Ⅱ1型,整体处于低熟—成熟阶段,具备较好的生烃物质基础;林西组烃源岩有机质丰度中等,有机质类型以Ⅱ1型为主,整体处于成熟阶段,具有良好的生气前景.中侏罗统万宝组和上二叠统林西组生储盖组合完整,可以作为松辽盆地西缘油气勘探的新层系.