Cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) often yields metal components with suboptimal mechanical properties, primarily poor ductility, stemming from inadequate inter-particle bonding. This work overcomes this limitation by using a homemade helium circulation cold spray (CS) system to fabricate copper deposits that exhibit a superior strength-ductility synergy (ultimate tensile strength: 372 MPa, elongation: 14.2%) in their as-sprayed state. The system's efficacy is attributed to the superior acceleration provided by helium and an inert deposition environment that prevents powder surface oxidation. We systematically investigated the origins of these enhanced properties by examining interparticle bonding, work hardening, recrystallization, and twinning. Our analysis establishes correlations among CS parameters, particle impact velocity ( Vp ) and temperature ( Tp ), the dimensionless parameter eta ( Vp / Vcr ), and the resulting tensile properties. It was found that a higher eta value does not necessarily correspond to higher strength or ductility. The findings reveal that high Vp (facilitated by helium) induces greater deformation of copper (Cu) particles and formation of a nanocrystalline interface layer at deformed splats. Conversely, while high Tp promotes dynamic recrystallization and twinning, it simultaneously intensifies surface oxidation, leading to deleterious oxide films at splat boundaries that degrade bonding and ductility. This research highlights the paramount importance of optimizing impact conditions to strengthen interparticle bonding and mitigate oxidation for high-performance CSAM components. (c) 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are stronger and stiffer than matrix metal, but they often suffer from reduced ductility due to weak-bonding interfaces. Despite advances in interface engineering, achieving a completely-coherent interface (CCI) at the atomic scale remains a major challenge, perpetuating this strength–ductility trade-off. In this study, we overcome this limitation by introducing a sub-monolayer interface complexion (SMIC) strategy to establish atomic-scale CCI between the reinforcement particles and the matrix in a case of TiB2/Al composite. Such SMIC can be obtained by doping with alloying elements, which can be screened and evaluated through first-principles calculations. The resulting SMIC-particles facilitate greater dislocation multiplication without inducing interface failure, thereby promoting increased strain hardening and progressive plastic deformation. As a result, the SMIC reinforced TiB2/Al composite demonstrates remarkable simultaneous improvements in yield strength (∼44%) and ductility (∼53%) compared to the matrix alloy—far exceeding the typical performance gains observed in conventional MMCs. Notably, the exceptional ductility of our aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) rivals that of pure aluminum and surpasses nearly all reported aluminum alloys and AMCs. These findings highlight the potential of atomic-scale CCI design as a transformative strategy for developing next-generation high-performance MMCs with balanced mechanical properties.

While nanoscale kappa-carbide precipitation is a well-established strengthening mechanism in low-density steels, the unexpected enhancement of austenite strength observed with Mo addition, despite its known inhibitory effect on kappa-carbide formation, has remained unclear. In this study, we identify a novel and controllable short-range ordering (SRO) structure mediated by the Mo element in Fe-28Mn-9Al-1.2C-5Mo (wt.%) steel, accompanied by the surrounding C atoms occupying at octahedral interstices within the face-centered cubic lattice. Theoretical calculations indicate that the localized ordering of C atoms originates from the strong Mo-C interaction at first-nearest-neighbor sites. Meanwhile, this chemical SRO behavior markedly increases the nanohardness and intrinsic strength of the austenite matrix. These findings demonstrate that Mo not only alters the precipitation behavior of kappa-carbide but also induces SRO structure formation, providing a new pathway to tune the mechanical properties of low-density steels through atomic-scale structural design.

Atmospheric plasma-sprayed (APS) TiO2coating is an effective surface strengthening technique for titanium alloys. However, the limitation of the bonding strength and fracture toughness of the APS TiO2coating restricts its applications. This work proposed an APS-deposited heterogeneous-microstructured TiO2 coating prepared by the nano-agglomerated (n-TiO2) feedstock powder, which contained the partially melted (PM) nano-grains, dynamic recrystallized grains from the partially melted particles (PM-DRX), and the columnar grains. The micron-agglomerated (m-TiO2), and fused-crushed (f-TiO2) powders were also used as the APS feedstock for comparison. The phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the optimized n-TiO2, m-TiO2, and f-TiO2coatings were systematically evaluated. The n-TiO2 coating exhibited markedly superior mechanical properties due to the strengthening effect of the unique heterogeneous microstructure, including a high microhardness (1030 HV0.3); fracture toughness (3.23 MPa & sdot;m1/2); and especially bonding strength (46.47 MPa) that was approximately 45.18% and 33.85% higher than those of the m-TiO2and f-TiO2coatings, respectively. This finding highlighted that the APS-deposited n-TiO2coating had a unique heterogeneous microstructure that enhanced its mechanical properties.

Lightweight metals for additive manufacturing remain constrained by limited strength-ductility synergy, restricting their use in high-performance structural applications. Here we report a design strategy for additively manufactured alloys based on ductile-transformable eutectic nano-skeletons (DT-ENS) enabled by non-equilibrium solidification. In a near-eutectic Al-Er system, we develop an alloy family containing a deformable Al3(Er,Mg) nano-skeleton as the primary strengthening architecture. Site-specific atomic substitution and long-range chemical ordering within the  Al3(Er,Mg) skeleton are associated with deformation twinning and the strain-induced formation of 9R-type long-period stacking ordered structures, which enhance work-hardening of the skeleton and promote cooperative deformation with the α-Al matrix. Laser powder bed fusion yields Al-Er alloys with strengths of 600-700 MPa, together with good printability and useful ductility. These findings establish a new benchmark for structural additively manufactured aluminium alloys, provide a route for developing ductile intermetallics to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off in high-strength aluminium alloys, and demonstrate the role of additive manufacturing in uncovering new alloy systems and deformation mechanisms.

Transition element additions (e.g., Zr, Sc) mitigate hot cracking in high-strength Al alloys fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB), but at high addition levels reduce work-hardening capacity. This work establishes heat-treatment strategies that restore work-hardening while achieving high strength and improved ductility in a PBF-LB Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Zr alloy. Four conditions were compared: as-built (AB), low-temperature recovery (350 °C, 0.5h), conventional T6 (500 °C solutionizing + 120 °C ageing), and a three-step treatment (3S: 350 °C pre-ageing + 500 °C solutionizing + 120 °C ageing). Macro-tensile testing with digital image correlation was correlated with XRD, SEM, EBSD, and TEM to link mechanical response to microstructural evolution. The AB alloy exhibits high yield strength (455 ± 6 MPa) but low work-hardening strength (40 ± 19 MPa) and Lüders-type localization (plateau ∼5.3%), attributed to a large ultrafine-grain fraction (46.3 vol% <1 μm), substantial Zr in solid solution (∼1.46 wt%), and high dislocation density (∼1.4×1014 m-2). Low-temperature recovery reduces dislocation density and increases ductility at the expense of strength but does not restore work hardening. In contrast, the 500 °C solution treatment is the pivotal step, it promotes moderate grain coarsening (ultrafine fraction 11-17 vol%), deplete excess Zr from the matrix, and form a hierarchical precipitate architecture comprising coherent L12-Al3Zr, semi-coherent S’, and coarse T/S phases. This promotes Orowan and forest-dislocation strengthening, enhances storage of geometrically necessary dislocations, and converts Lüders bands to near-homogeneous deformation. Consequently, the T6 treatment substantially restores the work-hardening capacity, increasing Δσ from 40 ± 19 MPa to 145 ± 15 MPa, while the 3S treatment achieves a comparable increment (Δσ = 126 ± 33 MPa), demonstrating that the pre-ageing step does not provide a significant additional benefit over direct T6. The optimized T6 condition achieves a yield strength of 451 ± 1 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 559 ± 8 MPa, and elongation at fracture of 7.6 ± 0.9%. These findings offer a practical processing-microstructure-property pathway to design crack-resistant, high-strain-hardening PBF-LB Al alloys for structural applications.

This study systematically investigates the multiscale mechanisms that govern the high-temperature structural stability, oxidation resistance, and mechanical properties of Co40Ni30Cr20Al5Ti4Ta1 multi-principal-element alloys (MPEAs), with a particular emphasis on the role of tantalum (Ta)-induced short-range ordering (SRO). The results demonstrate that Ta promotes SRO within the L12 nanoprecipitates, which impedes solute diffusion, effectively suppressing precipitate coarsening and enhancing microstructural stability during thermal exposure. The incorporation of Ta significantly improves oxidation resistance by facilitating the formation of thermodynamically stable Ta-containing oxide layers, resulting in a 54 % reduction in scale thickness and notably slower oxidation kinetics at 1173 K. Additionally, Ta-induced SRO reshapes the energy landscape of planar defects by increasing the energy of antiphase boundaries (APBs) and decreasing stacking fault energy, which facilitates the activation of superlattice intrinsic stacking faults (SISFs), Lomer-Cottrell locks, and deformation twins. These mechanisms collectively form a stable and dense dislocation-fault network that synergistically enhances both strength and ductility during high-temperature deformation (973-1073 K). Notably, the Ta-containing alloy achieves a tensile strength of 1225 MPa and a uniform elongation of 24 % at 973 K, outperforming conventional polycrystalline alloys. These findings highlight the potential of Ta-induced SRO to enhance the stability and performance of MPEAs under extreme conditions, offering critical insights for the design of high-strength, thermally stable materials for demanding structural applications.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has emerged as a serious public health issue. The application of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) for the treatment of MetS has been increasingly recognized. However, there are few reports on the influencing factors of MetS remission in patients after surgery. This study analyzed 184 patients with concomitant MetS who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Patients were followed up for 1-year post operation. Utilizing a 7:3 ratio, patients were split into 2 groups at random: derivation cohort (n = 129) and validation cohort (n = 55). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the variables impacting MetS remission. Subsequently, establishing a prediction model. An online nomogram was developed to visualize the model. Logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes, body mass index, hypertension, triglyceride, obesity time, and fasting blood glucose were independent factors affecting the remission of MetS. These factors were integrated into the prediction model and represented visually through a nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for derivation and validation cohorts was 0.941 (95% CI = 0.894-0.988) and 0.915 (95% CI = 0.894-0.988), respectively. The calibration curve showed a good concordance between the expected and observed findings, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test evaluated the model's accuracy (P = .254, .315). Decision curve analysis demonstrated favorable net benefits conferred by the model. MBS can improve MetS, and the nomogram established in this study holds promise for predicting the remission of MetS in patients with obesity following MBS.

Obesity is a global public health challenge, which is strongly associated with dozens of diseases. Metabolic bariatric surgery is recognized as a long-term and effective treatment for obesity and obesity-related medical conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the timing of metabolic bariatric surgery and postoperative weight loss along with the clinical remission of obesity-related medical conditions. This study examined 143 patients with obesity who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) from Feb 2015 to Feb 2022. The median time from meeting the criteria for metabolic bariatric surgery to finally undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery for all participants was 5.75 years. Based on this, the participants were divided into two groups: the early operation group (persons with a duration of obesity prior to surgery of less than 5 years) and the late operation group (those with the duration of longer than 5 years). Weight metrics, biochemical indicators and improvements in obesity-related medical conditions of both groups were analyzed before the operation and 1 year after the operation. All patients completed a postoperative follow-up of at least 1 year. There was no significant variation in weight loss, TWL

Early-onset gastric cancer (EOGC) is a lethal malignancy. It differs from late-onset gastric cancer (LOGC) in clinical and molecular characteristics. The current strategies for EOGC detection have certain limitations in diagnostic performance due to the rising trend in EOGC. We developed a liquid biopsy signature for EOGC detection. We use a systematic discovery approach by analysing genome-wide transcriptomic profiling data from EOGC (n=43), LOGC (n=31) and age-matched non-disease controls (n=37) tissue samples. An extracellular vesicle-derived long non-coding RNA (EV-lncRNA) signature was identified in blood samples from a training cohort (n=299), and subsequently confirmed by qPCR in two external validation cohorts (n=462 and n=438), a preoperative/postoperative cohort (n=66) and a gastrointestinal tumour cohort (n=225). A three EV-lncRNA (NALT1, PTENP1 and HOTTIP) liquid biopsy signature was developed for EOGC detection with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.924 (95% CI 0.889 to 0.953). This EV-lncRNA signature provided robust diagnostic performance in two external validation cohorts (Xi'an cohort: AUROC, 0.911; Beijing cohort: AUROC, 0.9323). Furthermore, the EV-lncRNA signature reliably identified resectable stage EOGC patients (stage I/II) and demonstrated better diagnostic performance than traditional GC-related biomarkers in distinguishing early-stage EOGC (stage I) from precancerous lesions. The low levels of this biomarker in postsurgery and other gastrointestinal tumour plasma samples indicated its GC specificity. The newly developed EV-lncRNA signature effectively identified EOGC patients at a resectable stage with enhanced precision, thereby improving the prognosis of patients who would have otherwise missed the curative treatment window.

Metallic materials typically experience significant strength degradation at elevated temperatures. Traditional strengthening methods, which rely on thermally stable particle dispersion, exhibit limited effectiveness owing to the challenges in suppressing thermally activated dislocation motion. This work introduces a strategy for achieving exceptional high-temperature strength through a thermally stable nanoscale eutectic cellular network (ECN) enabled by additive manufacturing. A near-eutectic AlLaScZr alloy is developed for laser powder bed fusion, incorporating an Al-La nanoscale ECN and dense intracellular nanoprecipitates. This alloy demonstrates excellent printability and remarkable high-temperature yield strength above 0.6Tm (~250 MPa at 300 °C), outperforming conventional aluminium alloys by 2-5 times with minimal degradation after prolonged annealing. Compared with the conventional configuration of particle dispersion, the nanoscale ECN architecture enhances load-bearing capacity and strengthens aluminium by caging dislocation motion within ultrafine cells (~200 nm), effectively mitigating intrinsic high-temperature softening.

BackgroundWhile reduced-port laparoscopic gastrectomy(RPLG) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative, its standardization and long-term efficacy remain underexplored. This study evaluates the comparative outcomes of three-port (TPLDG) versus five-port laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (FPLDG).MethodsThis prospective multicenter study enrolled 355 gastric cancer patients meeting selection criteria. Surgical procedures adhered to D2 lymphadenectomy guidelines, with TPLDG utilizing a left-sided approach without auxiliary ports. Primary endpoints included inflammatory markers, recovery parameters, and 3-year survival outcomes.ResultsThe operative outcomes showed comparable results between groups, with similar operative times [140(125,160) vs. 135(120,150) minutes, p=0.068)] and total lymph node retrieved [(22(19,27) vs. 22(18,27) nodes, p=0.696)]. Notably, the TPLDG group demonstrated significant recovery advantages, including earlier flatus [(2(2,3) vs.3(2,3) days, p<0.001)], shorter hospital stays [4(3,5) vs. 5.2(4.2,6.3) days, p<0.001)], and reduced inflammatory responses as evidenced by lower postoperative CRP [(48.2 ± 21.4) vs. (68.5 ± 25.6) mg/L, p<0.01)] and IL-6 levels [(82.3 ± 31.2) vs. (115.4 ± 38.5)pg/mL, p<0.01)]. Importantly, oncological outcomes remained equivalent between groups, with comparable 3-year disease-free survival (85.4% vs 85.8%, p=0.85) and overall survival rates (89.4% vs. 89.2%, p=0.70), which were consistently maintained across stage-stratified analyses.ConclusionTPLDG achieves comparable oncological outcomes to conventional FPLDG while offering significant advantages in postoperative recovery and inflammatory response reduction. The left-sided three-port technique represents a viable standardized approach for RPLG, particularly suited for D2 lymphadenectomy in Asian populations.

Nanoprecipitates strengthen metallic materials by impeding dislocation motion, but they often compromise ductility. This study introduces a novel strategy to address this challenge by incorporating atomic-scale chemical heterogeneity within nanoprecipitates. For the first time, pronounced short-range ordering (SRO) within L12-ordered precipitates of the Co40Ni30Cr20Al5Ti4Ta1 multi-principal element alloy is observed and confirmed, with its formation mechanism elucidated via density functional theory. Experimental and computational results show that the unique atomic configuration reshapes the energy landscape of planar defects, enhancing the strength and work-hardening capacity. The SRO structure elevates the critical shear stress for dislocation-mediated precipitate shearing while reducing the formation energy of superlattice intrinsic stacking faults, thereby promoting nucleation site formation. This work pioneers a method for modulating atomic-scale heterogeneity within ordered structures, advancing high-performance material design.

Despite their electronic dominance, cubic diamond structured Si and Ge, are optoelectronically deficient. Recent work indicates, however, that a volume-expanded hexagonal Ge modification can exhibit intensely sought, superior optoelectronic characteristics. If larger Sn could form a hexagonal solid solution with Ge, this would achieve this expansion. But this was not expected because Ge and Sn are unreactive at ambient conditions, Sn does not have an ambient hexagonal symmetry, and only cubic or tetragonal binary modifications could be prepared under any conditions including thin film processing. This state of affairs is categorically changed here by subjecting Ge and Sn to pressures of 9 and 10 GPa and temperatures up to 1500 K using large-volume press methods. Synchrotron angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction, precession electron diffraction and chemical analysis using electron microscopy reveal ambient pressure recovery of hexagonal 2H, 4H and 6H Ge-Sn solid solutions (P63/mmc). Formation of this new binary materials landscape is correlated with Sn uptake, with the hexagonal symmetry being accessible below 21 atom % Sn and the cubic diamond symmetry at or above this value. The findings form fertile routes to advanced materials, by in tandem creating reactivity with pressure and directing production of needed crystal symmetries with composition, as well as opportunity to tune properties based on crystal symmetry, composition, and stacking sequence for optoelectronic applications.

To fabricate high-quality coatings or components of high-strength 7075Al alloy by cold spraying, it is essential to understand the impact behavior and bonding mechanisms of the feedstock powder particles. For providing a general comparison, 7075Al powder and TiB2/7075Al composite powder (7075Al alloy matrix reinforced with in-situ formed and uniformly dispersed nano-TiB2 particles) produced by gas-atomization were used as feedstocks in the present study. Single particle impact tests combined with finite element analysis (FEA) were performed on the pure Al and 7075Al-T6 substrates under different process parameter sets. To provide a more realistic description, the real powder strength and plastic parameters obtained by single-particle compression tests were used as input data in the FEA model. The results show that the presence of nano-TiB2 particles has significant strengthening effects on the composite powder, thus resulting in different plastic deformation behavior upon impact compared to 7075Al powder. When the composite particles impacted the soft material (pure Al), the substrate experienced a high degree of deformation, which led to high deposition efficiency due to the embedding effect. Comparatively, the hard substrate (7075Al-T6) was less deformed, whereas the composite particle was highly deformed. Compared to the composite particle, the 7075Al particle presented a slightly higher plastic deformation and pronounced metal jets, which led to a lower critical impact velocity for successful bonding. Interestingly, a fracture was observed at the grain boundaries of both 7075Al and TiB2/7075Al composite particles in the case of a high gas temperature regime, which probably revealed that the high shock energy associated with high-velocity impact led to such intergranular fracture.

Thermal distortion and residual stress are major issues affecting dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties in laser additive manufacturing (LAM). This study investigates the evolution of thermal distortion and the formation mechanism of residual stress in Ti-6Al-4V alloy during laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). An insitu monitoring system recorded the distortion and temperature histories of the sample during deposition. Residual stress in various regions and directions of the final thin-wall was analyzed using the contour method and XRD. The results show that during each layer deposition, the interaction between tensile and compressive stresses causes the free end of the substrate to initially bend downward and subsequently upward. Different linear energy densities (El) lead to varying distortion modes of the substrate. For El values between 75 and 150 J/ mm, substrate distortion height increases with deposition layers. For El values between 150 and 300 J/mm, it first increases and then decreases. By combining in-situ monitoring data with residual stress results, this study clarifies the evolution of thermal distortion, the mechanism of residual stress formation, and their relationship during l-DED. Samples with greater distortion tend to exhibit lower residual stress. The distortion of Ehigh samples is 0.73 mm greater than that of Elow samples, yet their maximum residual stress is 82.8 MPa lower. The higher cooling rate in the deposition region creates local tensile stress, while compressive stress forms in the surrounding region. As deposition progresses, the region of maximum tensile stress shifts upward along the building direction until complete. This study provides new insights into the evolution of thermal distortion and the mechanisms of residual stress formation in LAM, contributing to the control and reduction of residual stress.

The additive manufacturing of metal matrix composites (MMCs) using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is gaining considerable attention for its ability to produce high‐performance materials with intricate geometries. However, incorporating reinforcement such as diamond (D) particles poses challenges to the melting and solidification behavior of the powders, potentially affecting print quality. In this study, the laser irradiation of AlSi10Mg powder mixed with 5 vol% of uncoated D particles is investigated across varying processing parameters. Dense (97%) and crack‐free parts are successfully produced using high laser powers (300 and 400 W) and low laser scanning speeds (300 and 400 mm s−1). It is shown that the energy needed for proper melting of the powder surpasses that required for printing pure AlSi10Mg. Scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy uncovers a direct interfacial reaction between the molten aluminum (Al) and the D reinforcement, forming Al carbide at the Al–D interface. Moreover, Al composites processed under optimal energy density exhibit an enhanced Young's modulus. It is highlighted that optimizing LPBF processing parameters is crucial to achieve superior material properties in MMCs, while controlled matrix–reinforcement interactions offer the potential for tailored properties.

STMN1 is highly expressed in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and the aim of this study was to investigate the role of STMN1 in GC cell stemness. Analysis of the expression and correlation of STMN1 and its target genes in GC through bioinformatics. Construction of interference plasmids for STMN1 and transfection into GC cells. Sphere formation assay was conducted to detect stem cell sphere-forming ability. WB analysis was performed to detect the expression of stemness genes CD133, ALDH1, CD44, SOX2, Nanog, and STAT3-related proteins. Additionally, CCK-8 assay and TUNEL staining were used to assess GC cell sensitivity to cisplatin (DDP). Construction of a xenograft mouse model to detect the in vivo tumorigenic ability of GC cells. Immunoprecipitation (IP) experiment was conducted to validate the binding of STMN1 and HN1L in GC cells. Overexpression plasmids of HN1L were used for mechanism validation. STMN1 and its target HN1L were highly expressed in GC tissues and cells, and were associated with a poor prognosis in GC. Interfering with STMN1 significantly reduced the self-renewal ability of GC cells, downregulated the expression of CD133, ALDH1, CD44, SOX2, Nanog, p-STAT3 and PD-L1. Interfering with STMN1 increased the sensitivity of GC cells to DDP and promoted apoptosis. IP experiments demonstrate that STMN1 and HN1L combine in GC cells. Overexpression of HN1L significantly reversed the effects of Si-STMN1 on GC cells. In vivo experiments demonstrate that the addition of DDP or interference with STMN1 reduced tumor size and weight, and downregulated the expression of CD133, KI67, HN1L, p-STAT3, and PD-L1 in tumor tissues. The combined use of DPP and Si-STMN1 had a more significant effect. STMN1 regulates GC cell stemness by binding HN1L to activate the HN1L/STAT3/ PD-L1 signaling pathway.

Flow stress and work hardening behaviors, as two important aspects of mechanical behaviors, have been studied extensively and their interpretation for the case of pure metals via dislocation theory is well established. The introduction of precipitates inevitably affects the flow stress and work hardening rate, since the precipitates can evidently change the dislocation behaviors, both their gliding facilities and their storage mechanisms. Thus, different precipitate-dislocation interaction modes (i.e. shearing and bypassing mechanisms) would lead to different dislocation behaviors and resultant different flow stress and work hardening behaviors. In this study, we investigate the influence of shearable, non-shearable and mixed shearable/non-shearable precipitates on flow stress and work hardening behaviors in the case of AlMgScZr alloys, where precipitates and solid solution can be decoupled, based on experiments and a modified dislocation-based model. We show that, the introduction of shearable precipitates and shearable/non-shearable transition have important effects on flow stress and work hardening behaviors. By quantitatively characterizing different precipitate-dislocation interactions and the evolution of dislocation density during the deformation, the intrinsic influencing mechanisms of precipitates on flow stress and work hardening behaviors are demonstrated.

Obesity has been linked to abnormal frontal function, including the white matter fibers of anterior portion of the corpus callosum, which is crucial for information exchange within frontal cortex. However, alterations in white matter anatomical connectivity between corpus callosum and cortical regions in patients with obesity have not yet been investigated. Thus, we enrolled 72 obese and 60 age-/gender-matched normal weight participants who underwent clinical measurements and diffusion tensor imaging. Probabilistic tractography with connectivity-based classification was performed to segment the corpus callosum and quantify white matter anatomical connectivity between subregions of corpus callosum and cortical regions, and associations between corpus callosum-cortex white matter anatomical connectivity and clinical behaviors were also assessed. Relative to normal weight individuals, individuals with obesity exhibited significantly greater white matter anatomical connectivity of corpus callosum-orbitofrontal cortex, which was positively correlated with body mass index and self-reported disinhibition of eating behavior, and lower white matter anatomical connectivity of corpus callosum-prefrontal cortex, which was significantly negatively correlated with craving for high-calorie food cues. The findings show that alterations in white matter anatomical connectivity between corpus callosum and frontal regions involved in reward and executive control are associated with abnormal eating behaviors.