创业者提升社会创业活跃度,对促进我国创新创业再升级具有重要意义.通过对创业者进行重新定义,将创业行为和创业者精神作为创业者辨别的两个维度,从而构建出创业者的二维辨别模型,将个体分为墨守成规者、盲目行动者、创业空想者和创业者,依据创业者精神的程度和创业行动的深度,将创业者细分为初级创业者、实干创业者、理想创业者和超级创业者四类,为大众创业、万众创新提供理论支撑,对创新创业教育提供重要启示.

基于创新生态系统的观点,依据创业者生成理论模型,阐释了系统各要素对创业者生成的影响机理,分析了我国创新生态系统的现状,提出了打通创新创业最后一公里的关键是增加风险资本的供给.投资于早期阶段的风险资本(包括天使投资)为创业者提供资金支持,除了可以分担风险之外,还为创业者提供价值增加服务,降低创业失败率,是创新生态系统的关键主体.因此,为促进"双创"升级,必须进一步增加早期风险资本的供给.

创业是指开创一番事业,这个概念超越了创建企业本身.广义的创业者和狭义的创业者的共同特征是都具有以创新为内核的"创业者精神".当前的创业教育关注于企业的创建和发展,而忽视了广义创业者的培养.创业教育的本质是要育人兴国,培养创业型人才,因此应重视"创业者精神教育",用创业者精神打造创业者的中国"芯片".

文章以新企业创建过程为情景,通过构建数理模型,首先在个体方式创业情形下,分析了风险投资者的投资模式对创业者努力程度的影响.研究发现,当信号对于新企业现金流的揭示程度较高或新企业的现金流收益较稳定时,较之单次投资模式,分阶段投资模式更能够激励创业者努力的程度.进而,将研究问题情形扩展至团队方式创业下,分析验证了上述结论的稳健性.

In this paper,we collected information of venture capital investment transactions in2014,used paired design and relogit regression to test the moderating effect of technological proximity and local venture capital's participation on geographi cal proximity of venture capital.The empirical results showed that both technolo gical proximity and local venture capital's participation could significantly a ttenuate the negative relationship between geographical distance and the likelih ood of forming venture capital investment relationship.With the increase of geog raphical distance,the likelihood of forming investment relationship decreases.Te chnological proximity between venture capital firm and entrepreneurial venture o r local venture capital firm's participation in syndication investment is helpf ul to alleviate the negative effect of geographical distance on the likelihood o f forming investment relationship.The result is useful for startups seeking long distance investment and governments of the venture capital underdeveloped regio ns.

Spatial proximity means venture capital firms prefer to invest the firms around them .Based on CVSource database , this research collects information of 2 973 rounds venture capital in 1 020 portfolio companies from 623 venture capital firms between 2010 and 2012, adopts 1:1 matching design to study the effect of geographical distance on the probability of a financing relation -ship obtainment by Relogit regression analysis in STATA .Results show that the likelihood of a venture capital decreases with the increase of geographical distance between the investee and the investor .The deal size moderates the relationship between geo-graphical distance and the likelihood of a venture capital as an inverted u -shape.Experience of the venture capital firm also nega-tively moderates the relationship .Venture capital firms with much experience do not care the distance so much .To some extent, their experience can eliminate the negative effect of distance on the likelihood of an investment .

将既有企业的创新政策划分为两类:“鼓励员工创新”政策和“拒绝员工创新”政策,是否采取“鼓励员工创新”政策成为既有企业的一项重要决策.本文通过构筑既有企业与员工的多期博弈模型,剖析了既有企业创新政策选择决策的影响因素.研究发现:机会转化为商业化发明的概率越大、可商业化的发明产生的收益越大,则既有企业越倾向于采取“鼓励员工创新”政策;在企业内部开发机会时员工分享的收益越大、给定项目的产出越大、有风险类型项目的风险越小、员工发现机会的概率越大,则既有企业越倾向于采取“拒绝员工创新”政策.最后讨论了本研究的管理启示与研究不足.

Information technology enterprise and venture capital's spatial collocation is very important . Taking IT enterprises backed by venture capital in 1994-2014 as sample , establishing the spatial lag model to test how venture capital financing amount of a specific IT enterprise was affected by the number of venture capital firms and the number of peers in certain rings . Results showed that the venture capital financing amount of a specific IT enterprise was positively affected by the number of venture capital firms in 100km , 100-200km , 200-300km , 300-400km rings . The biggest marginal effect occurred in the range of 200-300 km , the smallest in the range of 300-400km . Number of peers in 100-200km and 200-300km rings positively affected the financing amount of IT enterprise . The number of peers in 100km and 300 -400km rings negatively affected the financing amount of IT enterprise , especially the number of peers within 100km ring dramatically lowers the financing amount . The research conclusion provides evidence for the government to support the develop-ment of local venture capital , and also provides a reference for the location of IT enterprises .

企业成长的四个阶段面临着四种不同的危机:生存危机、制度危机、竞争危机和文化危机.应对四种危机,需要创新创业者具备不同的能力.创新和营销能力可以克服生存危机,管理能力用来克服制度危机,金融能力用来克服竞争危机,领导力克服文化危机.以此视角来审视我国的创新创业教育,不难发现,在创业者管理和金融能力的培养方面做得十分出色,但在创新、创业营销和领导力等方面做得还远远不够.创新创业教育应回归本源,做好对创业者创新力、营销力和领导力的培养.

在"大众创业,万众创新"的时代大潮下,有关创新教育的相关理论和方法亟需深入探讨.以理工类高校为蓝本,探讨如何引导学生激发创新精神(Inspiration)、开发创新思维(Thinking)、培养创新能力(Ability)、掌握创新方法(Method)、体验创新环境(Environment)、打造创新团队(Team),提出"ITAMET"创新课程体系设计方案,并指出其实践原则和方法及该方案面向理工类高校本科生的适应性特征.

Excessive emissions of greenhouse gases caused by the problem of global warming makes the low carbon economy rapid development in the world scope, carbon finance is one of the main performance of low carbon economy, carbon finance including greenhouse gas ask underlying stock trading and to greenhouse gas emissions is the subject of options tradingand other forms of financial activities. China as the world's second largest economy, carbon finance market is vast and the potential is huge, but because the development mode of China's current economic and carbon finance started late in our country such as objective factors, so the carbon finance development in China still has great limitations. In this paper, from the development of carbon finance to start, combined with PEST analysis method, from the political economy (Political), (Economic), society (Social)and Technology (Techonological) and other aspects to research in recent decades of carbon finance in China the process and influence, pointed out that the carbon finance is of high efficiency, green and sustainableeconomic development pattern, but because of the national conditions of our country still exist development restrictions, and puts forward somepolicy suggestions.

创新生态是创业者成功创业和产业良性发展的基础。类比自然生态，建立创新生态系统模型，分析系统内各主体功能和系统环境之间的相互作用，明确创新生态系统存在四种演化机制：遗传、变异、衍生和选择。创新生态系统四种演化机制的动力来源分别是政府、企业、用户及其他利益相关者。政府、企业、用户和其他利益相关者应正视创新生态系统的演化，营造创新文化，积极推动创新。

Taking venture capital investments between 2000 and 2009 in mainland China as the research sample,regression analysis was used to explore the factors which affect the preference and performance of geographic proximity of venture capital( VC) in China. The results indicated that VC firms ' reputation and local competition status affect the preference for geographic proximity. Older,larger and more experienced VC firms with stronger IPO records exhibit less preference for geographic proximity while greater competition compels VC firms to invest distant targets. Different from the previous research abroad,no evidence was found that investment networks have any effect on the preference for geographic proximity. Abnormally,the logit regression results showed that investments of geographic proximity may lead to lower returns.

Team entrepreneurship is one of the important ways of entrepreneurship,but the team partner may steal the entrepreneurial opportunity.So,the entrepreneur needs to deign the mechanism to prevent the opportunity from stealing by the partners.The pay-off based on outcome is one mechanism to solve this problem.Through constructing the game model,this study finds out that when entrepreneur develops high risk,moderate risk or lower risk entrepreneurial opportunity,he should use different kinds of contract mechanism to prevent team members from stealing the opportunity.

以辽宁省为样本,选取1978-2012年的数据,运用VAR模型对煤炭资源的利用和经济增长的动态关系进行实证分析,以揭示煤炭资源的产量、消费与经济增长的影响关系.研究结果表明:从长期来看,三个变量存在均衡关系,煤炭产量与经济增长呈现单向的Granger因果关系,而煤炭消费与经济增长互为Granger因果关系;从短期来看,经济增长受到煤炭产出和消费的双重影响;此外,煤炭消费对经济增长始终起到促进作用,而煤炭产量对经济增长的贡献却不明显,并且煤炭产量与煤炭消费量存在着难以调和的矛盾.

文章通过对我国国有企业改革与治理等方面的文献梳理,指出国有企业存在诸如社会责任意识薄弱、产权不明晰、内部控制不严密等多层次的问题.并且为了解决国有企业市场化改革中遇到的难题,指出国有企业应从制度设计、管理者重塑、企业治理效率等多方面入手,结合我国社会主义建设的大背景,找到适合国有企业发展的新道路.

Through constructing the mathematical model,this paper explores the factors affecting the scale of investment funds. Result shows that the scale of investment funds is affected by the three factors in the entrepreneurial process. Expected net rate when entrepreneurs work hard,the degree of information asymmetry between entrepreneurs and investors,and the importance of the entrepreneurial efforts.

创业者在获取外部资源支持时,具有两类不同的资源获取行为策略:“事前揭示机会相关的信息,事后达成融资契约”和“事前达成融资契约,事后揭示机会相关的信息”.本文通过构建博弈模型,分析了影响创业者资源获取行为策略选择的因素.基于这一理论分析,本文解释了“在投资者提供投资之前,创业者向投资者揭示机会信息”这一现象.

风险资本是支持创新的资本,基金募集环节是风险投资的首要环节.由于风险投资具有高风险性、专业性、投资对象的高成长性、投资的周期性和长期性等特点,其募集也有其独特的特点.本文首先梳理和分析我国风险投资基金募集相关法律现状和问题,然后借鉴国外风险投资基金募资环节立法经验,指出我国风险投资基金立法改革的4个方向:规范风险投资基金的私募行为,鼓励多种渠道资金进入风险投资行业,建立税收扶持政策体系、鼓励基金投向创新型企业,构建完善的风险投资法律体系.

In this paper, by using the methods of literature analysis, theoretical analysis and contrast analysis, to the understanding of the academic literature and practice world ranking system. Through studying the data source of the original ranking and selection process, enrich the data collection approach and treatment. On the basis of theory and reality, in the evaluation system of venture capital institutions and venture capitalists in the building, we set a new system adaptability, accuracy, comparability, maneuverability to the principle of timeliness. With openness and service, data, comprehensive and balanced and the characteristics of the system balance and enrichment, we will venture capital institutions and venture capitalists evaluation system according to the four dimensional index analysis method for the weight adjustment, and eventually reach a set of indicators, more than the effect of the list.