The saline lacustrine hybrid sedimentary rocks are complex in lithology and unknown for their sedimentary mechanisms. The hybrid sedimentary rocks samples from the Neogene upper Ganchaigou Formation to lower Youshashan Formation (N1-N21) in the Fengxi area Qaidam Basin, were investigated through core-log and petrology-geochemistry cross-analysis by using the core, casting thin section, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, logging, and carbon/oxygen isotopic data. The hybrid sedimentary rocks in the Fengxi area, including terrigenous clastic rock and lacustrine carbonate rock, were deposited in a shallow lake environment far from the source, or occasionally in a semi-deep lake environment, with 5 lithofacies types and 6 microfacies types recognized. Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions reveal that the formation of sedimentary cycles is controlled by a climate-driven compensation-undercompensation cyclic mechanism. A sedimentary cycle model of hybrid sedimentary rocks in an arid and saline setting is proposed. According to this model, in the compensation period, the lake level rises sharply, and microfacies such as mud flat, sand-mud flat and beach are developed, with physical subsidence as the dominant sedimentary mechanism; in the undercompensation period, the lake level falls slowly, and microfacies such as lime-mud flat, lime-dolomite flat and algal mound/mat are developed, with chemical-biological process as the dominant sedimentary mechanism. In the saline lacustrine sedimentary system, lacustrine carbonate rock is mainly formed along with regression, the facies change is not interpreted by the accommodation believed traditionally, but controlled by the temporary fluctuation of lake water chemistry caused by climate change. The research results update the interpreted high-resolution sequence model and genesis of hybrid sedimentary rocks in the saline lacustrine basin and provide a valuable guidance for exploring unconventional hydrocarbons of saline lacustrine facies.

Studying the lacustrine microbialites in the Western Qaidam Basin in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau may provide clues to the sedimentary record, the depositional model, and the hydrocarbon potential. Based on geological, geochemical, and seismic data, the sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon potential of Eocene lacustrine microbialites in Western Qaidam Basin are estimated. Three microbialites are identified In the Eocene lacustrine system of the Qaidam Basin, including the thick thrombolites in relatively high-energy near-shore settings, the small-scale stromatolites and thrombolites in extremely shallow water environment, and the laminates in relatively deep water of intrabasinal environments. Three sedimentary models have been established, including the marginal steep slope zone, the marginal gentle slope zone, and the intrabasinal deep-water zone, respectively. The framework pores, intergranular pores, dolomite intercrystalline pores, dissolved pores and interlayered fractures commonly composed the pore spaces of microbialites. The Fossil Group of Botryococcus (a lipid-rich algae) contributed the main source of hydrocarbons particularly in saline water in Western Qaidam Basin. The development of Eocene lacustrine microbialites on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau provides a new perspective to explore the complex mineralization processes and hydrocarbon potential of microbialites.

To investigate the sealing capability of mudstone caprock during the evolution of organic matter (OM)-rich mudstone, a series of hydrous pyrolysis experiments were first conducted to examine the impact of hydrocarbon generation. The pore type, pore structure, porosity, and gas breakthrough pressure of pyrolytic residual samples were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, low pressure nitrogen adsorption measurements, porosimetry, and gas breakout core experiments. To model the environment at different depths, these six experiments on hydrous pyrolysis were performed at different temperatures, lithostatic pressures, and hydrodynamic pressures, while other experimental factors such as the original sample, heating time, and rate were kept constant. The results showed that during the thermal evolution process, hydrocarbons were generated from OM in mudstone, resulting in the formation of pores within the OM. Organic acids produced by hydrocarbon generation effectively dissolved minerals, leading to the creation of numerous dissolution pores. Changes in pore type led to changes in pore structure and porosity. The volume of micropores and macropores showed an increasing trend before reaching a Ro value of 1.41%. However, after passing this threshold, they began to decrease. The volume of mesopores showed a decreasing trend before reaching a Ro value of 1.32%. After 1.32%, they began to increase. The porosity was mainly affected by the pore volumes of the mesopores and macropores. The porosity exhibited two peaks: the first occurred at a Ro value of 0.72%, with a porosity level of 4.6%. The second occurred at a Ro value of 1.41% and a porosity level of 10.3%. The breakthrough pressure was a comprehensive reflection of these influences, and its trend exhibited a negative correlation with porosity (R2 = 0.886). For two high values of porosity, the breakthrough pressure corresponded to two low values. Smaller values of the breakthrough pressure indicated a poorer sealing capability of the mudstone caprock. Overall, hydrocarbon generation in the mudstone affected the sealing capability. The mudstone in the studied area exhibited good sealing at Ro below 1.32%. However, once above the 1.32% threshold, the fluctuations of the breakthrough pressure values exhibited considerable variability, requiring a comprehensive evaluation to assess its sealing capability.

Based on the global basement reservoir database and the dissection of basement reservoirs in China,the characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in basement reservoirs are analyzed,and the favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation in deep basement reservoirs are investigated to highlight the exploration targets.The discovered basement reservoirs worldwide are mainly buried in the Archean and Precambrian granitic and metamorphic formations with depths less than 4 500 m,and the relatively large reservoirs have been found in rift,back-arc and foreland basins in tectonic active zones of the Meso-Cenozoic plates.The hydrocarbon accumulation in basement reservoirs exhibits the characteristics in three aspects.First,the porous-fractured reservoirs with low porosity and ultra-low permeability are dominant,where extensive hydrocarbon accumulation occurred during the weathering denudation and later tectonic reworking of the basin basement.High resistance to compaction allows the physical properties of these highly heterogeneous reservoirs to be independent of the buried depth.Second,the hydrocarbons were sourced from the formations outside the basement.The source-reservoir assemblages are divided into contacted source rock-basement and separated source rock-basement patterns.Third,the abnormal high pressure in the source rock and the normal-low pressure in the basement reservoirs cause a large pressure difference between the source rock and the reservoirs,which is conducive to the pumping effect of hydrocarbons in the deep basement.The deep basement prospects are mainly evaluated by the factors such as tectonic activity of basement,source-reservoir combination,development of large deep faults(especially strike-slip faults),and regional seals.The Precambrian crystalline basements at the margin of the intracontinental rifts in cratonic basins,as well as the Paleozoic folded basements and the Meso-Cenozoic fault-block basements adjacent to the hydrocarbon generation depressions,have favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation,and thus they are considered as the main targets for future exploration of deep basement reservoirs.

The antler is the unique mammalian organ found to be able to regenerate completely and periodically after loss, and the continuous proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells and chondrocytes together complete the regeneration of the antler. Circular non-coding RNAs (circRNAs) are considered to be important non-coding RNAs that regulate body development and growth. However, there are no reports on circRNAs regulating the antler regeneration process. In this study, full-transcriptome high-throughput sequencing was performed on sika deer antler interstitial and cartilage tissues, and the sequencing results were verified and analyzed. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network related to antler growth and regeneration was further constructed, and the differentially expressed circRNA2829 was screened out from the network to study its effect on chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. The results indicated that circRNA2829 promoted cell proliferation and increased the level of intracellular ALP. The analysis of RT-qPCR and Western blot demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of genes involved in differentiation rose. These data revealed that circRNAs play a crucial regulatory role in deer antler regeneration and development. CircRNA2829 might regulate the antler regeneration process through miR-4286-R+1/FOXO4.

昆仑山前带古近系下干柴沟组下段是柴达木盆地油气勘探的重点目的层.受砂岩储层发育程度差异所控制,昆仑山前带不同地区油气富集程度存在差异.为了明确储层的差异性及形成机制,利用岩心、测井及分析化验等资料,对昆仑山前带的切6区、乌南斜坡带、东柴山地区及弯西构造带的储层特征及控制因素进行了分析,认为下干柴沟组下段储层在时空上的差异性明显.昆仑山前带下干柴沟组下段发育以原生粒间孔为主的碎屑岩孔隙型储层,储层砂体成因类型为辫状河三角洲相的平原分流河道、前缘水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂及滨浅湖相的滩坝.沉积相及成岩作用的双重叠加影响导致昆仑山前带储层发育程度存在明显差异.在同等埋深条件下,受沉积微相控制的储层沉积组构差异与砂体规模差异是储层物性差异的主因,辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道储层物性最好,其次为河口坝、平原分流河道,滩坝与席状砂的储层物性较差.在不同埋深条件下,受最大古埋深和古地温梯度等因素影响而形成的差异压实作用是不同区带储层物性差异的主因,切6区和弯西构造带的储层物性最好,乌南斜坡带的储层次之,东柴山地区的储层物性差.

The use of deer antlers dates back thousands of years in Chinese history. Deer antlers have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties and can be used in treating neurological diseases. However, only a few studies have reported the immunomodulatory mechanism of deer antler active compounds. Using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation techniques, we analyzed the underlying mechanism by which deer antlers regulate the immune response. We identified 4 substances and 130 core targets that may play immunomodulatory roles, and the beneficial and non-beneficial effects in the process of immune regulation were analyzed. The targets were enriched in pathways related to cancer, human cytomegalovirus infection, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, human T cell leukemia virus 1 infection, and lipids and atherosclerosis. Molecular docking showed that AKT1, MAPK3, and SRC have good binding activity with 17 beta estradiol and estrone. Additionally, the molecular dynamics simulation of the molecular docking result using GROMACS software (version: 2021.2) was performed and we found that the AKT1–estrone complex, 17 beta estradiol–AKT1 complex, estrone–MAPK3 complex, and 17 beta estradiol–MAPK3 complex had relatively good binding stability. Our research sheds light on the immunomodulatory mechanism of deer antlers and provides a theoretical foundation for further exploration of their active compounds.

Coal-type gas (gas from type III kerogen) in Lenghu area and biogenic gas in Sanhu area account for most of annual gas production (6 billion m3) in the high altitude (3000m) Qaidam Basin. Facies are critical for gas exploration and development. P-wave 3D seismic data in Lenghu and Swave 9-component 3D (9C3D) seismic data in Sanhu were used to investigate facies by seismic sedimentology with calibration from well data. In Lenghu, multiple channels (e.g., anastomosed and meandering) were discovered. Faces and their evolution were analyzed accordingly. A wildcat well (Nuotan-1) was proposed based on facies. In Sanhu, interferences caused by energy loss in loose and gas-bearing sediment are avoided in the S-wave 9C3D data, which lead to an isochronous stratigraphic framework. Facies were restored with seismic and well data under the framework. Typical channel-delta features were discovered in Sanhu. Seismic sedimentology is extended from S-wave to P-wave data.

Background The deer antler, a remarkable mammalian appendage, has a growth rate surpassing that of any other known osseous organ. Emerging evidence indicates that circRNA and MAPK1 play critical roles in chondrocytes. Thus, exploration of their functions in antler chondrocytes will help us to understand the mechanism regulating the rapid antler growth. Methods qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of mRNAs and proteins. CCK-8, EdU, Cell migration, ALP activity detection, and ALP staining examined the effects of MAPK1 in antler chondrocytes. FISH, RIP, and luciferase assays were performed to evaluate the interactions among circRNA3634/MAPK1 and miR-124486-5. RIP and RAP assays proved the binding interaction between circRNA3634 and RBPs. Me-RIP was used to determine the m6A methylation modification of circRNA3634. Results This study revealed high MAPK1 expression in antler cartilage tissue. Overexpression of MAPK1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of antler chondrocytes and increased the expression of MAPK3, RAF1, MEK1, RUNX2, and SOX9. The silencing of MAPK1 had the opposite effect. CircRNA3634 was found to act as a molecular sponge for miR-124486-5, leading to increased MAPK1 expression and enhanced proliferation and migration of antler chondrocytes through competitive miR-124486-5 binding. We discovered that METTL3 mediates m6A modification near the splicing site of circRNA3634 and is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes. The m6A reader YTHDC1 facilitated the nuclear export of circRNA3634 in an m6A-dependent manner. Our results indicate that m6A-modified circRNA3634 promotes the proliferation of antler chondrocytes by targeting MAPK1 and show that the nuclear export of circRNA3634 is related to the expression of YTHDC1, suggesting that circRNA3634 could represent a critical regeneration marker for the antler. Conclusions Our results revealed a novel m6A-modified circRNA3634 promoted the proliferation and differentiation of antler chondrocytes by regulating MAPK1. The nuclear export of circRNA3634 was related to the expression of YTHDC1.

以柴达木盆地英雄岭构造带西段(英西地区)始新统为研究对象,综合岩心、全岩X衍射、铸体薄片、阴极发光、扫描电镜、碳氧同位素、溶蚀模拟实验等测试结果,探讨湖相混积型碳酸盐岩储层的基本特征、成因机制和发育模式.结果表明:研究区储层岩矿组成以碳酸盐矿物为主,并与陆源碎屑、蒸发岩矿物和黏土矿物等混积形成混积型碳酸盐岩;按岩性可分为颗粒灰云岩、含膏灰云岩、泥晶灰云岩、纹层状灰云岩和角砾状灰云岩5种;储集空间存在孔、洞、缝等多种形式,孔径尺寸范围从纳米级到厘米级.岩性的多样性决定了储集空间具有多种尺度和多种成因,可将储层划分为白云石晶间孔型、溶蚀孔型、裂缝-角砾间孔(洞)型3类储层.晶间孔型储层形成于准同生期的白云石化作用,是咸化湖盆周期性咸化的必然结果,该类储层分布广,是湖相混积型碳酸盐岩储层的主要类型;溶蚀孔型储层是准同生期大气淡水溶解蒸发岩矿物的结果,优先发育于洼中古隆起内含膏灰云岩和颗粒灰云岩中,分布相对局限.裂缝-角砾间孔(洞)型储层为构造成因,产生于狮子沟断层沿膏盐层发生大规模逆冲、滑脱变形的过程中,呈连片分布.

第四系泥岩型生物气作为非常规油气领域一种新型的资源类型,具有巨大的资源潜力和勘探开发价值.以柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系泥岩型生物气为例,通过岩心观察、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、高压压汞、族组分分析等实验手段,分析了第四系泥岩型生物气储层特征及动态成藏过程.结果表明,第四系泥岩型生物气储层具有砂泥薄互层频繁交互、纵横向非均质性极强的特点.成岩作用处于早期阶段,Ro小于0.3％,岩石固结程度低,含贝类壳体没有石化,孔隙度普遍在20％以上,仍以微纳米孔隙为主,含极少量毫米孔隙.泥岩储层TOC极低,平均0.2％～0.4％,干酪根以Ⅲ型为主,主要成分是粗纤维,其次是半纤维素、有机氮,是第四系泥岩生气的主要母质来源.第四系泥岩型生物气为甲烷为主的干气,平均含量98.85％,地层水水型以CaCl2型为主,酸碱度中等偏弱酸性.泥岩突破压力是甲烷滞留成藏的主要动力,低渗、富水和黏土的特征决定了泥岩具备自封闭能力.极低的气候温度、极高的水体盐度、充足的气源条件、有效的自封闭性是泥岩型生物气成藏的关键要素,以此建立了凹陷区自封闭富集带、斜坡区水封富集带、构造高点泥岩气-砂岩气叠合富集带等三种泥岩型生物气成藏模式.

滩坝砂体是岩性油气藏勘探的重要储集体,已经成为中国陆相湖盆增储上产的重要现实领域.为了深入评价柴达木盆地西部扎哈泉地区新近系中新统上干柴沟组滨浅湖滩坝砂体的油气勘探前景以及预测有利勘探区带和勘探目标,文中在岩心观察和钻(测)井资料综合分析的基础上,结合岩石薄片、累计粒度概率曲线、暗色泥岩泥地比和砂地比敏感参数分析结果,对该地区上干柴沟组滨浅湖滩坝砂体发育演化特征和古地貌演化特征进行了详细研究.结果表明:(1)扎哈泉地区上干柴沟组沉积时期发育辫状三角洲—滨浅湖沉积体系,滩坝砂体发育,岩性主要为岩屑长石细砂岩—极细砂岩,成分成熟度中等—较差、分选磨圆度中等—好,粒度概率曲线以反映波浪作用的两段跳跃式加悬浮式为主;沉积构造类型多样,主要发育浪成沙纹交错层理、波状层理、丘状交错层理和透镜状层理.(2)上干柴沟组沉积时期,研究区滩坝砂体发育规模先增大后减小;早期到中期,滩坝砂体发育规模不断增大,其中近岸坝主要表现为向南和向东2个方向扩张,呈北偏西方向展布,远岸坝主要表现为南北方向扩张,呈近北西—南东方向展布;中期到晚期,滩坝砂体的发育规模不断减小,其中近岸坝主要表现为向南北2个方向收缩并向东扩展,展布方向变为东偏南转东北方向,远岸坝主要表现为南北方向收缩.(3)上干柴沟组沉积时期,研究区古地貌呈西高东低、南北低中间高的特征;从早期到中期,研究区中部古地貌高点不断向东和东南方向大幅度扩展,范围不断扩大;中期到晚期,古地貌高点范围不断向北和北西2个方向收缩,范围缩小;同时,研究区东南角古地貌高点范围不断向北扩大.综合上述分析结果,认为柴达木盆地扎哈泉地区上干柴沟组滩坝砂体发育演化受控于物源规模大小和微古地貌的发育演化,其中微古地貌发育演化是滩坝砂体发育演化的主要控制因素.研究成果可为相似的地质背景下滩坝砂体成因的岩性圈闭预测提供参考.

Long non-coding RNA play an importantr role in the differentiation of chondrocytes. This study aims to explore the role of long non-coding RNA in the transcriptional regulation of Notch4. In previous studies, it has been found that Notch signal can be used as the downstream of TGF-β signal to affect the proliferation and differentiation of deer antler chondrocytes, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. Here we found that lncRNA27785.1 was involved in the regulation of TGF-β/ Smad3 signal and Notch4 gene. The overexpression lncRNA27785.1 can negatively regulate the expression of Notch4 to inhibit cell proliferation and differentiation, while interference with lncRNA27785.1 can promote the expression of Notch4 gene to promote the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. Subsequently, through luciferase experiment and CHIP experiment, we found that lncRNA27785.1 is regulated by Smad3 transcription, and Smad3 inhibited the expression of lncRNA27785.1. In addition, activated TGF-β signaling can reduce the inhibitory effect of lncRNA27785.1 on Notch4 signaling. In summary, we found that lncRNA27785.1 and TGF-β/Smad3 play an important role in Notch4 signaling. Our findings provided evidence to explain how TGF-β signaling regulate the Notch signaling pathway to influence chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation by a specific lncRNA27785.1.

中国陆相大型湖盆碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩沉积区分布广泛,含油气盆地内新发现了多个油气田,特别是近年来在致密油/页岩油勘探方面获得了突破.根据沉积体系域演化和可容纳空间演变解释层序地层单元,建立层序演化模式,预测油气储集体,适合于研究有成因联系的异旋回地层序列.深水体系的沉积层序体系域研究进展表现为引入强制海退(湖退)的概念,从经典的层序地层学格架三分体系域发展为四分体系域和二分体系域,不同尺度的相对整合序列和体系域分布与命名具有紧密联系.强制海(湖)退条件下形成的下降期体系域(FSST)和强制海(湖)退楔体系域(FRW)有内涵细节上的差异.采用A-P-D(加积-进积-降积)准层序叠加分析方法,分析体系域格架下薄层细粒沉积砂体的沉积搬运机理,提高了体系域识别和油气储集体预测的准确度.柴达木盆地古近系和四川盆地侏罗系研究实例表明,湖侵体系域随湖平面上升,浅湖和半深湖范围扩大,沉积中心地区发育三角洲前缘薄层砂体和深水浊积扇及多旋回泥页岩—泥灰岩组合,有利于页岩油气储集体的发育,成为"甜点"勘探目标区.展望未来,与页岩油气勘探有关的沉积层序体系域领域研究在以下几个方面将取得重要进展:(1)咸化湖盆深水沉积体系的高频旋回体系域研究;(2)与页岩型和混积型页岩油类型相关的湖侵体系域混积体系研究;(3)体系域级别的层序—古地理研究;(4)体系域格架下的源-汇系统及其古湖泊分布特征研究;(5)湖泊古水深、古气候和古环境的地球化学指标分析;(6)富有机质页岩发育的微纳米级孔—缝体系储集能力研究;(7)煤系环境纯湖相泥岩和沼泽相(湖沼或河沼)泥岩对规模天然气生烃贡献率的沉积基础研究.

由于核桃产量品质与树体生长情况及土壤养分具有很高的相关性,土壤肥料的选择与施用往往决定着树体的长势以及果实的品质.试验选用桥介酶肥料,研究了不同施肥水平(70％ 施肥量、100％ 施肥量)在主干形核桃园、盛果期核桃园和初结果期核桃园中对核桃外观和内在品质指标的影响.结果表明:盛果期核桃园在施用100％ 桥介酶肥后,核壳厚度减小0.22 m m,其余外观指标均高于总体平均值,可溶性糖含量较对照提升2.4倍,其余内在品质指标均高于普通肥料施用处理下的养分积累量.为此,推荐使用桥介酶肥料以实现增产提质的目的.试验拟解决核桃种植面临的肥料选用与施用量问题,结果可为广大核桃种植户对肥料种类选用和施用量提供科学有效的参考依据.

为明确英雄岭构造带油气成藏条件、探究油气勘探领域及勘探方向,利用钻井油气显示、有机地球化学、铸体薄片鉴定、实验测试、地球物理、试油气等资料,开展英雄岭构造油气成藏条件分析与有利勘探区带预测.结果表明:油气成藏条件上,明确发育多套烃源岩,主要烃源岩分布在古近系下干柴沟组上段、新近系上干柴沟组;存在碎屑岩、湖相碳酸盐岩和混积岩3类油气储集体;形成源储一体型、上生下储型、下生上储型3种源-储组合关系;英雄岭构造带具有烃源岩条件优越、油气资源基础好,储层类型多样、储集性能优越,晚期构造活动与油气生排烃期匹配性好、油气持续充注条件优越等有利的油气成藏条件.有利勘探区带及领域上,提出古近系碎屑岩(三角洲前缘砂体)勘探方向在构造带的花土沟-红柳泉、油砂山-尕斯等地区,碳酸盐岩勘探方向在构造带的英西-游园沟和尕斯-跃进等地区;新近系碎屑岩(滨浅湖滩坝砂)勘探方向在构造带的狮子沟-花土沟-游园沟-油砂山-英东及其以西地区,碳酸盐岩(藻灰岩、混积岩及灰云岩)勘探方向在构造带东侧的油泉子-开特-黄瓜峁等地区.该研究成果表明英雄岭构造带具有多层系、多类型的立体勘探特征,是发现大型油气田的有利勘探区带.

Taking the mixed pre-salt carbonate rocks in the upper member of Eocene Xiaganchaigou Formation (E32) of Yingxi area in the Qaidam Basin as an example, the lithofacies and controlling mechanisms of reservoir formation are analyzed based on a large dataset of cores, thin sections and geochemical analysis. The reservoirs in E32 pre-salt layers have five types of lithofacies, of them, mixed granular calcareous dolostone, massive calcareous dolostone, plaque calcareous dolostone, and laminated dolomtic limestone are of sedimentary origin, and breccia calcareous dolostone is of tectonic origin. The four types of sedimentary lithofacies are divided into two types of saline sedimentary sequence lithofacies combinations, low-energy type in the sag area and low to high-energy type in the slope and paleo-uplift zone in the depression. Affected by high-frequency supply of continental clastic material, the two types of salty sedimentary sequences are mostly incomplete subtypes of lithofacies. Lithofacies have strong impacts on pre-salt reservoirs in E32: (1) Lithofacies type and sedimentary sequence controlled the formation and distribution of dolomite intercrystalline pores and dissolved pores during the pene-sedimentary period. (2) The structure of laminated dolomitic limestone controlled the formation of large-scale laminated fractures and high permeability channels during the diagenetic period. (3) Granular, massive, plaque calcareous dolostones have low mud content and strong brittleness, in the late tectonic reactivation period, the distribution of the three types of lithofacies, together with their distance from the top large slip faults and secondary faults, controlled the formation and distribution of high-efficiency fracture-cave brecciaed calcareous dolostone reservoirs. The above research led to the composite lithofacies-tectonic formation model of pre-salt reservoir in E32 of Yingxi area. The tempo-spatial distribution of tectonic breccia calcareous dolostone reservoirs, laminated dolomitic limestone shale oil reservoirs and granular, massive calcareous dolostone dissolved-intercrystalline pore tight reservoirs in various structural belts of the studied area have been figured out. These findings gave new insights into tight-shale oil accumulation theory in mixed carbonate successions from saline lacustrine basins, aiding in high efficient exploration and development of petroleum in the studied area.

为明确湖相碳酸盐颗粒多样性及成因机理,利用大量露头、岩芯、薄片及分析化验资料,开展柴西地区新生界碳酸盐颗粒的沉积特征研究,根据外部形态与内部结构划分颗粒类型,分析颗粒多样性成因机制及差异分布.通过研究下干柴组上段(E32)—下油砂山组(N21)的沉积环境,分析认为咸化湖泊边缘与浅水区有利于碳酸盐岩颗粒的形成,其成因主要与蓝细菌等微生物的活动密切相关.研究结果表明:碳酸盐颗粒广泛发育,镶嵌于泥晶灰岩中,可以形成颗粒碳酸盐岩(颗粒体积分数为25％～50％),以及泥粒灰岩(颗粒体积分数为10％～25％)与粒泥灰岩(颗粒体积分数小于10％);也可以在微生物席中发育,构成微生物岩的结构组分.根据外部形态及内部结构,识别出卵球粒、聚合粒、胞鞘粒、鲕粒、核形石、皮质醇等6种颗粒类型.颗粒碳酸盐岩通常与微生物岩互层分布、形成特定岩相组合,不同沉积环境及不同层系差异分布.下干柴沟组上段(E2)分布局限,单层厚度较大、主要分布50～300 cm,最大10 m.上干柴沟组(N1)零星分布,规模最小,单层厚度以20～30 cm为主.油砂山组(N21-N22)微生物岩与颗粒碳酸盐岩广泛分布,纵向叠加连片,单层厚度分布30～200 cm,最大5m.碳酸盐岩颗粒与微生物活动密切相关,但结构与形态多样性受多种因素综合影响,主要包括微生物类型与生态习性、沉积环境与水动能、以及生物化学与及物理作用的影响.球形蓝细菌主导控制卵球粒与聚合粒的形成,丝状蓝细菌主导控制胞鞘粒的形成,鲕粒与核形石的形成与丝状蓝细菌增生密切相关,其内核质点的形成与球形蓝细菌相关.皮质醇由小型微生物群落控制形成,内核由球形蓝细菌、藻球及微生物群落演化形成,而外壳则由丝状蓝细菌控制形成.

近年来,柴达木盆地西南地区(柴西南地区)的基岩油气勘探获得了重大突破,已发现昆北等油气藏.为明确研究区基底断裂的控藏作用与成藏模式,开展了钻井岩心分析、测井分析和三维大连片地震资料解释等研究工作.结果表明:①柴西南地区深大断裂较为发育,并控制了基岩油气藏的分布;同沉积逆断裂Ⅺ号、Ⅷ号及阿拉尔断裂早期活动控制了三大生烃凹陷的发育;基底的深大断裂在关键成藏期均比较活跃,为油气初次运聚成藏提供了垂向运移通道;②深大断裂控制的古隆起区是油气运聚的长期指向区,且风化壳中裂缝和溶蚀孔十分发育,为油气聚集提供了储集空间;③基岩风化壳上覆泥岩盖层的封盖能力控制着油气富集程度,深大断裂的晚期活动会降低盖层对基岩油气藏的封盖能力;④建立了以深大断裂为核心的基岩油气成藏模式,即紧邻生烃凹陷的深大断裂-古构造背景-优质的泥岩盖层共同控制了油气的富集与成藏;⑤深大断裂上盘的扎西鼻隆、乌南鼻隆和跃进斜坡的Q3古鼻隆为下一步勘探的有利区.该研究成果对于柴达木盆地基岩油气藏勘探具有指导意义.

对扎哈泉地区深层渐新统砂岩储集层的储层特征和成藏模式进行了研究.系统地开展了岩石矿物学特征研究、物性分析、孔隙类型及孔隙结构研究、孔隙保存机理分析,并描述了其成藏模式,提出扎哈泉地区渐新统下段E31发育相对高孔渗的优质砂岩储集体,特殊的构造样式造就了其“源下成藏”特征.研究结果表明:1)研究区目的层整体物性较差,孔隙度平均为4.6％,渗透率平均为1.894 mD,为一套微咸水环境下的三角洲前缘沉积,碳酸盐胶结广泛发育,岩石较为致密,但发育若干相对高孔渗(孔隙度平均为10.5％,渗透率平均为20.618 mD)的优质砂岩储集层;2)优质储集层的保存主要得益于绿泥石包膜的抗压实作用,并且早期(铁元素质量百分比为15.61％)绿泥石包膜的存在有效抑制了碳酸盐胶结作用和石英次生加大作用;3)质量分数平均为15.4％的碎屑长石溶蚀现象普遍,但溶蚀强度不大,溶蚀作用产生的储集空间有限,未能形成呈规模化发育的次生孔隙发育带;4)大型逆冲断裂使得扎哈泉凹陷的E31储集层位于邻区茫崖凹陷主力烃源岩段E32的侧上方,成熟的茫崖凹陷原油和天然气通过该断裂侧向运移至扎哈泉E31储集层中,运移距离超过8 km,该推论已被油源对比分析结果所证实.这一特殊的“源下成藏”实例为今后“源下找油”的勘探部署提供了新的思路.