Background:Healthcare systems face increasing complexity alongside persistent nursing shortages. Shared Governance, operationalized through Unit Practice Councils, is a professional practice model designed to strengthen nurse engagement, accountability and evidence‑informed decision-making at the point of care. While Shared Governance has been associated with positive nurse outcomes, evidence on the impact of Unit Practice Councils in European academic settings remains limited. Objective:To evaluate the impact of introducing Unit Practice Councils on nurse engagement, the nurse practice environment and evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation, and to assess the extent to which Unit Practice Councils are embedded into routine practice inpatient units. Design:Longitudinal observational study. Methods:Study was conducted across four inpatient units in a Dutch academic hospital. Data were collected at baseline (T0) and at 12-month follow-up (T1) using the Autonomy to Engagement Scan (A tot Z scan), the Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and Evidence Based Practice Implementation Scale (EBP-I). Generalized Estimating Equations were used to analyze changes over time, accounting for interactions between time, council membership, and measurement (paired vs. unpaired). At T1, the Normalization Measure Development (NoMAD) questionnaire was administered to assess the normalization of Unit Practice Councils into routine nursing practice. Differences between council members and non-members were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Study registration:Not registered. Results:A total of 59 nursing staff participated at T0 and 63 at T1, with 36 completing both measurements. Nurse engagement and the nurse practice environment showed small but significant improvements over time (p = 0.006, β=+0.050 and p = 0.048, β=+0.026) with significant interaction effects for council membership (p = 0.016, β=+0.190 and p = 0.008, β=+0.307), indicating increasing scores among council members. EBP implementation remained unchanged in the full sample (p = 0.957). However, council members participating at both time points demonstrated a large and clinically meaningful increase in EBP-I scores (three-way interaction: p < 0.001; β=+21.98). NoMAD results indicated high normalization levels (median=4.26, IPR=3.86-4.62), with significantly higher scores among council members (p = 0.002, r = 0.39), indicating that Unit Practice Councils were becoming embedded in routine nursing practice. Conclusion:Introducing Unit Practice Councils, particularly alongside structured EBP training, resulted in clinically meaningful improvements in EBP among council members with continuing membership. Council members also showed early positive trends in nurse engagement and the nurse practice environment, while outcomes in the broader nursing workforce remained stable over the 12‑month period. High normalization scores indicate successful embedding of Unit Practice Councils within routine practice in an academic hospital.

An ever-increasing amount of data on a person’s daily functioning is being collected, which holds information to revolutionize person-centered healthcare. However, the full potential of data on daily functioning cannot yet be exploited as it is mostly stored in an unstructured and inaccessible manner. The integration of these data, and thereby expedited knowledge discovery, is possible by the introduction of functionomics as a complementary ‘omics’ initiative, embracing the advances in data science. Functionomics is the study of high-throughput data on a person’s daily functioning, that can be operationalized with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). A prerequisite for making functionomics operational are the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles. This paper illustrates a step by step application of the FAIR principles for making functionomics data machine readable and accessible, under strictly certified conditions, in a practical example. Establishing more FAIR functionomics data repositories, analyzed using a federated data infrastructure, enables new knowledge generation to improve health and person-centered healthcare. Together, as one allied health and healthcare research community, we need to consider to take up the here proposed methods.

With more precise application methods applying PPP only to the areas where it is needed, the plant, the aim to reduce PPP input can be achieved. Canopy Density Spraying (CDS) was therefore used under practical conditions in onions. Spray deposition measurements of a CDS-sprayer and a standard application technique were done in three different crop growth stages of an onion crop. The CDS-sprayer was based on a Hardi Twin Force air sleeve boom sprayer with a working width of 5.4 m (three beds of 1.80 m onions) at 30 cm nozzle height. Greenseeker sensors measuring vegetation index (NDVI) were used to adjust spray volume by switching individually three nozzles mounted in Lechler Varioselect nozzle bodies. Angling of the nozzles towards the crop rows on the edges of the bed and air assistance improved spray deposition compared to a horizontal spray boom and nozzle orientation. In three growth stages spray deposition on the onion leaves was for the CDS spray technique 1.5 to 2.8 times higher compared to that of the standard air-assisted boom sprayer. Loss to soil surface on top of the bed and on the paths in between the beds was for the CDS sprayer lower than for the standard sprayer.

De geschatte driftreductie op 4.5 tot 5.5 m van de Dominiak Streamliner boomgaardspuit is 99.2 % ten opzichte van een referentie boomgaardspuit. De metingen zijn uitgevoerd in 2022 bij bespuitingen van een appelboomgaard in het volblad stadium (BBCH 75-91). De drift van de Dominiak Streamliner boomgaardspuit is gemeten in combinatie met Teejet AI 80-02 VS spuitdoppen bij 2 bar, 270 RPM PTO, versnellingsbak van de ventilator in stand 1, de buitenste bomenrij eenzijdig bespoten (alleen naar binnenkant perceel) en met de buitenste 6 spuitgangen de luchtondersteuning volgens een vast randrijprotocol. De geschatte driftreductie van de Dominiak Streamliner boomgaardspuit in vergelijking met een referentiespuit is gelijk aan 99,2% op de evaluatiestrook op 4,5-5,5 m van de buitenste bomenrij. Het 95%-betrouwbaarheidsinterval ligt daarbij tussen 98,9% en 99,4%.

Results of spray drift experiments are presented of the Wanner NTR 20 2-row crossflow fan orchard sprayer equipped with reflection screens and air management system in comparison with a reference spray technique for fruit crop spraying in The Netherlands. The Wanner sprayer was equipped with variable air settings (dependent on wind speed and direction), the air speed was limited to the 25% setting (700 rpm fan speed), top covers (above the tree rows) and drift reducing nozzles (Lechler ID 90-01 C at 5 bar spray pressure, 90 % drift reduction). The Wanner orchard sprayer uses the reflection screens to spray the crop from 2 sides, so two rows of orchard are treated simultaneously. During the spray drift experiments, performed in 2021, 2022 and 2023, the downwind outer 24 m of an apple orchard was sprayed at the full leaf stage (BBCH 75-91) using the fluorescent tracer Acid Yellow 250. Spray drift deposition was collected downwind on a mowed grass area up to 25 m distance from the last tree row. For the Wanner orchard sprayer spray drift reduction at 4.5-5.5 m distance from the last tree row was 99.1% in comparison with the reference spray application.

Results of spray drift experiments are presented of the Munckhof MAS cross-flow fan orchard sprayer in comparison with a reference spray technique for fruit crop spraying in The Netherlands. The Munckhof MAS sprayer was equipped with controllable air valves and drift reducing nozzles (Lechler ID 90-01 C at 5 bar spray pressure, 90 % drift reduction), the PTO of the tractor, controlling the fan speed, was limited to 300 rpm. The Munckhof MAS orchard sprayer used a specific protocol for the outer three tree rows, limiting the amount of air support out of the orchard and spraying the outer tree row from one side. During the spray drift experiments, performed in 2020 and 2021, the downwind outer 24 m of an apple orchard was sprayed at the full leaf stage (BBCH 75-91) using the fluorescent tracer Acid Yellow 250. Spray drift deposition was collected downwind on a mowed grass area up to 25 m distance from the last tree row. For the Munckhof MAS orchard sprayer spray drift reduction at 4.5-5.5 m distance from the last tree row was 98.9% in comparison with the reference spray application.

Results of spray drift experiments are presented of the Wanner NTR 20 2-row crossflow fan orchard sprayer equipped with reflection screens and air management system in comparison with a reference spray technique for fruit crop spraying in The Netherlands. The Wanner sprayer was equipped with variable air settings (dependent on wind speed and direction), the air speed was limited to the 25% setting (700 rpm fan speed), top covers (above the tree rows) and drift reducing nozzles (Lechler IDK 90-0067 C at 7 bar spray pressure, 75 % drift reduction). The Wanner orchard sprayer uses the reflection screens to spray the crop from 2 sides, so two rows of orchard are treated simultaneously. During the spray drift experiments, performed in 2019 and 2021, the downwind outer 24 m of an apple orchard was sprayed at the full leaf stage (BBCH 75-91) using the fluorescent tracer Acid Yellow 250. Spray drift deposition was collected downwind on a mowed grass area up to 25 m distance from the last tree row. For the Wanner orchard sprayer spray drift reduction at 4.5-5.5 m distance from the last tree row was 98.1% in comparison with the reference spray application.

Abstract Purpose To explore content validity of the ICF core set for Diabetes Mellitus from nurses’ perspective. Materials and methods A two-round Delphi study was conducted with nurses specialized in diabetes care, who were recruited by purposive sampling. Level of agreement on relevance of ICF categories was calculated using Item-level Content Validity Index. Results Twenty-seven nurses judged 147 second-level ICF categories on relevance for people with Diabetes Mellitus. Agreement was reached on 65 (44.2%) categories, of which 46 were from the ICF core set for Diabetes Mellitus, 17 were from previous validation studies, and two were additional categories that were mentioned as relevant. Forty-six out of the 65 categories were derived from the component body functions and structures. No agreement was reached on 82 (55.8%) categories, of which 33 were derived from the component environmental factors. Conclusions Content validity of the ICF core set for Diabetes Mellitus was partially supported by specialized nurses. Agreement was predominantly reached on biomedical categories. Content validity of categories derived from environmental factors received little support. Relevance The nursing profession should be aware of a gap between the current biomedical focus and the desired biopsychosocial approach; the latter of which is recommended in chronic care. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) encourages a biopsychosocial approach in health care, and ICF core sets, such as the core set for Diabetes Mellitus, are useful in identifying the needs of patients. Content validity of the ICF core set for Diabetes Mellitus was partially supported by nurses specialized in diabetes care; agreement was predominantly reached on biomedical categories. The nursing profession should be aware of a potential gap between the current biomedical focus and a desired biopsychosocial approach, which is particularly recommended in chronic care. It is recommended that nurses take part in future revisions of ICF core sets; a multidisciplinary approach enables members to learn from each other’s perspectives, including from those of patients.

Results of spray drift experiments are presented of the Dominiak cross-flow fan orchard sprayer in comparison with a reference spray technique for fruit crop spraying in The Netherlands. The Dominiak sprayer was equipped with controllable air valves and drift reducing nozzles (Teejet AI 80-02 VS at 2 bar spray pressure, 95 % drift reduction), the PTO of the tractor, controlling the fan speed, was limited to 270 rpm, the fan gear was set to ‘1’ (low air setting). The Dominiak orchard sprayer used a specific protocol for the outer six tree rows, limiting the amount of air support out of the orchard and spraying the outer tree row from one side. During the spray drift experiments, performed in 2021 and 2022, the downwind outer 24 m of an apple orchard was sprayed at the full leaf stage (BBCH 75-91) using the fluorescent tracer Acid Yellow 250. Spray drift deposition was collected downwind on a mowed grass area up to 25 m distance from the last tree row. For the Dominiak orchard sprayer spray drift reduction at 4.5-5.5 m distance from the last tree row was 99.6% in comparison with the reference spray application.

De geschatte driftreductie op 4.5 tot 5.5 m van de Mitterer VV en VR boomgaardspuiten is 98,2 respectievelijk 99,1 % ten opzichte van een referentie boomgaardspuit. De metingen zijn uitgevoerd in 2021 en 2022 bij bespuitingen van een appelboomgaard in het volblad stadium (BBCH 75-91). De drift van de Mitterer VV boomgaardspuit is gemeten in combinatie met Lechler ID 90 01 C spuitdoppen bij 5 bar, 300 RPM PTO, versnellingsbak van de ventilator in langzame (schildpad) stand, de buitenste bomenrij eenzijdig bespoten (alleen naar binnenkant perceel) en met de buitenste 4 spuitgangen de luchtondersteuning volgens een vast randrijprotocol. De geschatte driftreductie van de Mitterer VV boomgaardspuit in vergelijking met een referentiespuit is gelijk aan 98,2% op de evaluatiestrook op 4,5-5,5 m van de buitenste bomenrij. Het 95%-betrouwbaarheidsinterval ligt daarbij tussen 97,8% en 98,6%. De drift van de Mitterer VR boomgaardspuit is gemeten in combinatie met Lechler ID 90 01 C spuitdoppen bij 5 bar, de buitenste bomenrij eenzijdig bespoten (perceel alleen naar binnen) en met de buitenste 4 spuitgangen de luchtondersteuning volgens een vast randrijprotocol. De geschatte driftreductie van de Mitterer VR boomgaardspuit in vergelijking met een referentiemachine is gelijk aan 99,1% op de evaluatiestrook op 4,5-5,5 m van de buitenste bomenrij. Het 95%-betrouwbaarheidsinterval loopt daarbij van 98,2% tot 99,5%.

Results of spray drift experiments are presented of the KWH Mistral cross-flow fan orchard sprayer in comparison with a reference spray technique for fruit crop spraying in The Netherlands. The KWH Mistral sprayer was equipped with controllable air settings and drift reducing nozzles (Lechler ID 90-01 C at 5 bar spray pressure, 90 % drift reduction), the PTO of the tractor, controlling the fan speed, was limited to 300 rpm and the sprayer gear box was set to the low air setting. The KWH Mistral orchard sprayer used a specific protocol for the outer five tree rows, using no air support out of the orchard and spraying the outer tree row from one side. During the spray drift experiments, performed in 2020 and 2021, the downwind outer 24 m of an apple orchard was sprayed at the full leaf stage (BBCH 75-91) using the fluorescent tracer Acid Yellow 250. Spray drift deposition was collected downwind on a mowed grass area up to 25 m distance from the last tree row. For the KWH Mistral orchard sprayer spray drift reduction at 4.5-5.5 m distance from the last tree row was 98.0% in comparison with the reference spray application.

Background: A hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has a major impact on the functioning and perceived quality of life of patients. To describe the functioning of patients, a preliminary set of 53 categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) as relevant for HSCT patients has been selected earlier by a Delphi study. For the implementation of this preliminary ICF core set for patients after HSCT in clinical practice, a feasibility study was requested. Methods: A feasibility study was conducted in an explanatory mixed-methods research design. Qualitative data were collected cross-sectionally by semi-structured interviews based on specific topics related to feasibility regarding the use of the preliminary ICF core set for HSCT patients from the perspective of nurses (five in ICF-trained nurses and five regular, untrained, nurses). Quantitative data, were collected longitudinally by using a mobile health application based on ICF in which the ICF trained nurses registered HSCT patients' functioning. Results: Qualitative analysis indicated that using the preliminary ICF core set is practical and acceptable for providing information about the functioning of HSCT patients from the perspective of nurses. In addition, nurses indicated a demand for this information due to its impact on multidisciplinary meetings and clinical decision-making by involving relevant aspects of the functioning of patients. Management support, trained staff, and designated time to focus on functioning are mentioned as requirements for successful implementation. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the most used 30% (n = 17) ICF categories are included in the preliminary ICF core set for HSCT patients (n = 24). Energy (b130) was the most used ICF category. Family relationships (d760) was the most frequently and highly positively associated ICF category. Conclusions: From the perspective of nurses, the preliminary ICF core set for HSCT patients is feasible and relevant in gaining information regarding functioning. Applying this preliminary ICF core set for HSCT patients in the anamnesis and the nursing consultations contributes to this information. Further research is needed to look at the perspective of other professionals and HSCT patients themselves.

With the H.S.S. CF orchard sprayer and Intelligent Spray Application (I.S.A.); a precision cross-flow fan orchard sprayer equipped with sensors for green leaf detection and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) functioning nozzles for precise and variable dosing and a satellite navigation system (GNSS) to spray individual trees on a task-map; Wageningen UR performed spray drift experiments following the Dutch TCT and ISO22866 protocols. Measurements were done in comparison with a reference spray technique (Munckhof cross-flow fan sprayer with Albuz ATR lilac nozzles at 7 bar spray pressure). Spray drift experiments were done in the 2019 (August – November) and 2020 (June-July) growing season spraying the downwind 8 rows of an apple orchard. Applications were done in eight periods in the full leaf stage of the apples (BBCH 75-91). The H.S.S. CF I.S.A. was equipped with 75% drift reducing nozzles (Lechler IDK 90- 015 C at 3 bar spray pressure) and the air assistance was set in a low setting using the fan at 1400 rpm) spraying of the outside tree row one-sided. The task-map defined that the individual trees were alternatingly sprayed or not sprayed. Fan speed was controlled and recorded by the H.S.S. Drift Control box. Because of the construction of the sprayer the fan does not take up any spray liquid and does not blow it out at the side where the nozzles are switched off. Results of the spray drift experiments are used to quantify spray drift reduction of the H.S.S. CF I.S.A. precision cross-flow fan orchard sprayer equipped with PWM modules at the nozzle bodies, Lechler IDK 90- 015 C flat fan venturi nozzles (75% drift reduction), low air setting (1400 rpm fan) and green leaf detection sensors and single-sided spraying of the outside tree row spraying. To quantify the spray drift reduction the spray drift deposition at 4.5-5.5 m from the last tree row of the H.S.S CF I.S.A. GNSS/task-map and its settings is evaluated against the spray drift deposition of the reference spray technique; showing spray drift reduction was 99,0%. The H.S.S. CF I.S.A. with GNSS/task-map can for the above-mentioned settings be classified in the spray Drift Reducing Technology (DRT) class DRT99. Measurement of airborne spray drift averaged over 0-10 m height at 7.5 m distance from the last tree row resulted in a spray drift reduction of 97.6% when spraying with the H.S.S. CF I.S.A. with GNSS/task-map.

Since its publication in 2001 the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has attracted debate about the content and the model presented. After almost 20 years use, regular updating since 2008 and with the prospect of a new edition in 2020 there is increasing interest in the ICF as a tool to meet contemporary information requirements. Information on functioning is important across not only health systems, but all areas where change in functioning is important: education, employment, and social welfare for example. This commentary responds to the issues raised in a commentary by Mitra & Shakespeare in 2019 and supports review of the ICF in the current context by informing users and providers of data on human functioning how they might engage in the maintenance, updating, and modernisation of the ICF.

Results of spray drift experiments are presented of the Lochmann cross-flow fan orchard sprayer equipped with an Air Closing System (ACS) in comparison with a reference spray technique for fruit crop spraying in The Netherlands. The Lochmann cross-flow fan orchard sprayer with ACS was equipped with 90% drift reducing nozzles ( Albuz TVI 8001; 7 bar spray pressure). During the spray drift experiments the downwind outside 24 m of an apple orchard was sprayed at the full leaf stage (BBCH 90/92) using the fluorescent tracer Acid Yellow 250. Spray drift deposition was collected downwind on a mowed grass area up to 25 m distance from the last tree row. Airborne spray drift was measured at 7.5 m distance from the last tree row on a pole at which two lines with collectors were attached at 1 m spacing up to 10 m height. For the Lochmann cross-flow fan orchard sprayer equipped with Air Closing System and 90% drift reducing nozzles spray drift reduction at 4.5-5.5 m distance from the last tree row was 98.4% in comparison with the reference spray application. Airborne spray drift was reduced by 97.0% for the Lochmann cross-flow fan orchard sprayer equipped with Air Closing System and 90% drift reducing nozzles.