We investigate the cluster-breaking effect and spatial distribution of negative-parity states in the Lambda 12 B hyper-nucleus using the Hyper-Brink model with cluster breaking (CB-Hyper-Brink) optimized via control neural network (Ctrl.NN). The results demonstrate that the inclusion of cluster breaking is essential for accurately reproducing the observed low-lying energy levels and for making reliable predictions of the Hoyle-analog state 1-4 in n B. Cluster breaking manifests as strong spin-orbit correlations and the dissolution of ideal cluster configurations, as revealed by the analysis of one-body spin-orbit-operator expectation values and the spatial overlap with projected cluster bases. The interplay between short-range repulsion and intermediate-range attraction in the AN interaction induces the cluster reconfiguration effect, which is characterized by the coexistence of A-alpha and A-triton correlations; this reconfiguration effect leads to a modest stabilization and shrinkage of cluster structures. The variation in electric quadrupole transition strengths, B(E2), between the ground and Hoyle-analog states, serves as a sensitive probe for the degree of cluster breaking, providing direct evidence for its physical relevance. These findings highlight the crucial role of cluster breaking in characterizing the hypernuclear structure and offer a comprehensive framework for understanding the interplay between clustering and shell-model dynamics in hypernuclei.

Pion exchange plays a fundamental role in nuclear structure and is responsible for tensor correlations and high-momentum components in nuclei. The (p,p'π) reaction provides a unique opportunity to investigate pion dynamics under large-momentum-transfer conditions. Its three-body kinematics allows large momentum transfer to be achieved while keeping the excitation energy of the residual nucleus low. We investigate the kinematical properties of the ^12C(p,p'π^+)^12B reaction using Lorentz-invariant three-body phase-space calculations. The calculations were performed for a 392-MeV proton beam assuming a constant transition amplitude. The resulting momentum-transfer map and phase-space distribution identify experimentally accessible regions of large momentum transfer and provide guidance for optimizing a double-arm spectrometer experiment at RCNP. The present study establishes a model-independent kinematical foundation for future investigations of pion-induced correlations, high-momentum components, and pion dynamics in nuclei.

We investigate the structures of $^{10}$C focusing on the quadrupole properties in comparison with the mirror nucleus $^{10}$Be. We describe $^{10}$C and $^{10}$Be in the variation of the multiple bases of the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD), in which the multiple AMD bases are optimized simultaneously in the total-energy variation. In the monopole transitions, we confirm the isospin symmetry between $^{10}$C and $^{10}$Be by exchanging protons and neutrons. In the quadrupole transitions, most cases show larger values in $^{10}$C than those of $^{10}$Be, except for the transition of $2^+_1\to 0^+_1$. The transition of $2^+_1\to 0^+_1$ shows similar values in the two nuclei in spite of the different proton numbers, which agrees with the experimental situation as an anomaly. This relation comes from the small proton deformation in $^{10}$C due to its subclosed nature and the large proton deformation in $^{10}$Be due to two-$α$ clustering. This property can also be seen in the quadrupole moments of the two nuclei. In the neutron deformations of $^{10}$C and $^{10}$Be, the opposite tendency of protons is confirmed and these results ensure the isospin symmetry between the two nuclei. We also confirm the large quadrupole transitions between the elongated linear-chain states. It would be desirable for future experiments to investigate the present characteristics of the transitions in the two nuclei.

With the increasing operating frequencies of electronic and electrical systems, undesired electromagnetic radiations have grown, posing significant challenges in meeting electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards. A significant source of such radiations is the antenna-mode current generated unintentionally due to system asymmetry. However, conventional transmission-line theory presents challenges when handling these antenna-mode currents and associated mode coupling phenomena. In this article, we introduce a generalized transmission-line (GTL) theory and clarify the mechanism of radiated noise caused by mode conversion. The GTL theory enabled comprehensive handling of antenna-mode currents and their mode coupling. By employing numerical methods using exact retarded potentials in the time domain, we precisely identify when and where mode coupling occurs, quantifying its contribution to electromagnetic radiation. Numerical results are validated by comparison with cylindrical-coordinate finite-difference time-domain analysis. The proposed approach provides new insights for effectively resolving EMC issues in modern high-frequency systems.

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between preoperative patient factors and postoperative half-year health care utilization reflecting recovery, common complications, comorbidities, and significant health concerns, identifying strong risk and protective factors. MethodsThis retrospective cohort study utilized linear, quantile, and ordinal regressions to analyze Osaka National Health Insurance data from 26 606 elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery between 2012 and 2018. Results The key factors associated with multiple postoperative care utilizations (P < 0.001) included: 1 Compared with men, women were strongly negatively correlated with postoperative length of stay (LOS) at q90, diabetes prescriptions or drip injections, while showing strong positive associations with postoperative antihypertensive, antiosteoporosis, and antidementia prescriptions. 2 Age has a strong negative correlation with antiosteoporosis or diabetes prescriptions but strongly positive associations with indwelling urinary catheters or drip injections. 3 The preoperative 1-year LOS correlated positively with the postoperative LOS or indwelling urinary catheters, and the strongest associations were observed at q25 with the postoperative LOS. It was significantly and negatively associated with antihypertensive or antidementia prescriptions. 4 Many preoperative care utilizations were positive factors, and some were strong factors at q25 of the LOS. Conclusions Nuanced relationships between the female sex; preoperative LOS; antidementia, antiosteoporosis, antihypertensive and constipation prescriptions; indwelling catheters, and postoperative LOS were elucidated. These are key risks during shorter postoperative LOS, while male subgroups are at a higher risk during longer LOS duration. Patients with extended preoperative diabetes prescriptions or drip injections are at high risk of multiple postoperative care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; center dot center dot: center dot center dot-center dot center dot.

We investigate the cluster-breaking effect and spatial distribution of negative-parity states in the _Λ^12B hypernucleus using the Hyper-Brink model with cluster-breaking(CB-Hyper-Brink) optimized via Control Neural Network (Ctrl.NN). The results demonstrate that the inclusion of cluster-breaking is essential for accurately reproducing the observed low-lying energy levels and for making reliable predictions of the Hoyle-analog state 1-4 in _Λ^12B. Cluster-breaking manifests as strong spin-orbit correlations and the dissolution of ideal cluster configurations, as revealed by the analysis of one-body spin-orbit operator expectation values and the spatial overlap with projected cluster bases. The interplay between short-range repulsion and intermediate-range attraction in the Lambda N interaction induces the cluster reconfiguration effect, which is characterized by the coexistence of Lambda-alpha and Lambda-triton correlations; this reconfiguration effect leads to a modest stabilization and shrinkage of cluster structures. The variation in electric quadrupole transition strengths, B(E2), between the ground and Hoyle-analog states serves as a sensitive probe for the degree of cluster-breaking, providing direct evidence for its physical relevance. These findings highlight the crucial role of cluster-breaking in characterizing the hypernuclear structure and offer a comprehensive framework for understanding the interplay between clustering and shell-model dynamics in hypernuclei.

In developing risk prediction models for specific diseases, it is essential to evaluate the calibration performance of the prediction model. Various methods have been proposed to assess the calibration of prediction models, but it has been pointed out that conventional methods based on the predicted probability of the model are insufficient to detect miscalibration. Another problem is that a method for evaluating calibration for continuous variables of interest has not yet been established. We therefore propose two methods to evaluate the calibration of the variable of interest: the variable-based probabilistic calibration plot (VPC-Plot), which is a visual assessment, and the variable-based probabilistic calibration error (VPCE), which is a corresponding evaluation metric. We conducted theoretical and simulation studies to investigate the properties and effectiveness of the proposed method. Theoretical and simulation studies demonstrated that the proposed methods can detect miscalibration by evaluating the calibration based on the variable of interest, even when conventional methods fail to detect miscalibration. To show the usefulness in the real-world data analysis, we evaluated diabetes prediction models developed using the national health insurance database for Osaka, Japan. We show that the proposed method can identify miscalibration of key covariate in a diabetes prediction model.

This paper examines the generation of electromagnetic noise caused by coupling between normal mode (NM) and antenna mode (AM) in a two-conductor transmission line (TL). We employ telegraph equations based on electromagnetic potentials to analyze NM and AM. Through experimental observations and numerical simulations, we quantify the coupling effects that occur when transmission lines with differing mode impedances are connected. For detailed analysis of coupling noise mechanisms, three-dimensional electromagnetic potential simulations are conducted to observe the voltage and current distributions of NM and AM within the TLs. This study demonstrates that impedance matching of TLs requires the consideration of not only NM impedance but also coupling impedance.

This work introduces a new Control Neural Network (Ctrl.NN) method to uncover evidence of exotic quantum state, i.e., the breathing modes in 3-α resonant states of ^12C nucleus. We provide the most precise microscopic description to date for the ^12C energy spectrum, identify two new exotic breathing states, and uncover strong evidence that directly connects the recent experimental observations to the breathing modes. The Ctrl.NN method significantly simplifies numerical calculations of quantum systems under multiple constraints and offers a new perspective for solving the nuclear many-body problem.

We investigate the Λ particle motion and cluster states of BeΛ9−11 using a novel multiple cooling approach guided by the Control Neural Networks method (Ctrl.NN). The numerical results are well reproduced, and the Ctrl.NN method shows rapid convergence concerning the set of the basis states in comparison to traditional generator coordinate method (GCM) calculations. Taking advantage of this merit, we calculate ground state energies and rotational bands of BeΛ9−11 which agree well with experimental observations. By analyzing the density distributions of the main basis, a slight short-range repulsive correlation between Λ particle and α clusters in directions perpendicular to the axis of the Be8 core is revealed. The Λ particle presents a significant broad distribution as a consequence of this correlation, which we call an “analog π-orbit” structure. Furthermore, we prove that this correlation originates from the competition between kinetic energy and Λ-N interaction, as indicated by the energy curves for different configurations of BeΛ9. In the ground states of BeΛ10 and BeΛ11, the Λ particle is confined in a cage-like structure of core nuclei formed by two α clusters and valence neutrons. These structures lead to the development of more compact Λ particle configurations, and the shrinkage of α-α relative distance is also well reproduced.

BACKGROUND:It is crucial to understand the seasonal variation of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) for the detection and management of MetS. Previous studies have demonstrated the seasonal variations in MetS prevalence and its markers, but their methods are not robust. To clarify the concrete seasonal variations in the MetS prevalence and its markers, we utilized a powerful method called Seasonal Trend Decomposition Procedure based on LOESS (STL) and a big dataset of health checkups. METHODS:A total of 1,819,214 records of health checkups (759,839 records for men and 1,059,375 records for women) between April 2012 and December 2017 were included in this study. We examined the seasonal variations in the MetS prevalence and its markers using 5 years and 9 months health checkup data and STL analysis. MetS markers consisted of waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG). RESULTS:We found that the MetS prevalence was high in winter and somewhat high in August. Among men, MetS prevalence was 2.64 ± 0.42 (mean ± SD) % higher in the highest month (January) than in the lowest month (June). Among women, MetS prevalence was 0.53 ± 0.24% higher in the highest month (January) than in the lowest month (June). Additionally, SBP, DBP, and HDL-C exhibited simple variations, being higher in winter and lower in summer, while WC, TG, and FPG displayed more complex variations. CONCLUSIONS:This finding, complex seasonal variations of MetS prevalence, WC, TG, and FPG, could not be derived from previous studies using just the mean values in spring, summer, autumn and winter or the cosinor analysis. More attention should be paid to factors affecting seasonal variations of central obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.

This paper presents a near-field antenna analysis using electromagnetic potentials. We introduce the concept of source-potential energy representation and visualize the spatiotemporal distribution of energy densities around a dipole antenna. Our results demonstrate that the source-potential expression enables clear distinction between the conductive energy within the antenna and the radiated energy from the antenna. This visualization provides a novel perspective on energy dynamics in antenna systems, offering insights into the interplay between internal conduction and external radiation processes.

To quantitatively investigate the effects of chronic low-dose internal exposure to Cesium-137 on DNA damage, carcinogenicity, and offspring over multiple generations. The potential genetic risk in humans was predicted based on next-generation murine mutation rates to confirm the reasonableness of the current Cesium-137 dose limits for food. Cesium-137 (100 Bq/mL) was provided in drinking water to A/J mice, facilitating chronic, low-dose, low-dose-rate internal exposure through sibling mating over 25 generations (G25). The A/J mice were compared with a control strain with the same origin ancestry (no Cesium-137 water) for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), oxidative stress, chromosome aberrations, micronucleus test results, whole genome analysis, carcinogenicity, tumor growth rate, and immune competence. Compared to the control group, DNA DSBs and oxidative stress were significantly increased in the Cesium-137 group. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups regarding chromosome aberration, micronuclei, or the whole genome sequence mutation analysis. Although the carcinogenic rate did not differ between the groups, the rate of tumor growth was significantly suppressed in the Cesium-137 group. The anti-tumor cytokine trend in the Cesium-137 group likely contributed to this effect. No pathological or genetic effects were observed in the offspring of mice drinking water containing 100 Bq/mL Cesium-137 after G25. The contribution of low dose-rate radiation to carcinogenicity was not additive but growth-inhibitory. Although the negative data are not conclusive, these findings are deemed highly reliable.

This paper examines the generation of electromagnetic noise caused by coupling between normal mode (NM) and antenna mode (AM) in a two-conductor transmission line (TL). We derive the telegraph equations for NM and AM using electromagnetic potentials and quantify the coupling effect at the connection of TLs with different mode impedances based on experimental and numerical observations. This study demonstrates that impedance matching of TLs requires the consideration of not only NM impedance but also coupling impedance.

Reproduction Number (RN-)EXCEL Model has been developed on an EXCEL sheet to provide important characteristics of COVID-19 infectious disease for practical use. The model is developed based only on observed data to predict future infection toward herd immunity threshold and until the end stage of the infection. Basic equations are simple and constructed in analogy with neutron multiplication reactions in nuclear reactor. To know the next day infection, we calculate an exponential increase in one day step with a rate obtained from nearby PCR positive infectious numbers, which are daily input in the EXCEL sheet. In a closed community, main players are non-immune holders and immune holders, where total number of immune holders derived from infection and vaccination plays an essential role. In traditional SIR model, infection behavior is characterized by the reproduction rate in differential equation where social actions such as governmental regulations or vaccinations are included as constant breaking term for infection spread. However, in actual situation these terms are time dependent and is difficult to solve by a set of differential equations. In contrast, RN-EXCEL model deals with infection by defining successive reproduction number for each time interval as inchworm that represents a clear physical picture of the virus infectivity. Using this model, a lot of predictions were made for semi-closed communities domestically and world-wide, timely for practical use.

The nucleon-nucleon interaction has strong intermediate range tensor interaction and short-range repulsion. The strong tensor interaction originates from the pion exchange due to the chiral symmetry breaking, while the short-range repulsion originates from the quark content of the nucleon due to the quark confinement. The tensor interaction cannot be treated in the Hartree-Fock theory, and the theory ought to be extended by introducing strong tensor correlation. The details of the extended Hartree-Fock (EHF) theory with correlation are presented in this chapter and applied to light nuclei in the shell model framework. This framework is named as the tensor-optimized shell model (TOSM) and numerical results are presented for light nuclei. The inclusion of the delta isobar degrees of freedom is discussed for the three-body system to discuss the three-body correlation effect in nuclei.

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) requiring renal replacement therapy is a public health problem with an economic burden. 1 Elshahat S. Cockwell P. Maxwell A.P. Griffin M. O'Brien T. O'Neill C. The impact of chronic kidney disease on developed countries from a health economics perspective: A systematic scoping review. PLoS One. 2020; 15: e0230512 Crossref PubMed Scopus (59) Google Scholar The aging of the population has increased the number of older patients with ESKD worldwide. 2 Pippias M. Jager K.J. Kramer A. et al. The changing trends and outcomes in renal replacement therapy: data from the ERA-EDTA Registry. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016; 31: 831-841 Crossref PubMed Scopus (108) Google Scholar ,3 Hong Y.A. Ban T.H. Kang C.Y. et al. Trends in epidemiologic characteristics of end-stage renal disease from 2019 Korean Renal Data System (KORDS). Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2021; 40: 52-61 Crossref PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar Several studies have shown that poor performance in activities of daily living (ADL) is a predictor of cardiovascular diseases 4 Heshmatollah A. Mutlu U. Koudstaal P.J. Ikram M.A. Ikram M.K. Cognitive and physical impairment and the risk of stroke - A prospective cohort study. Sci Rep. 2020; 10: 6274 Crossref PubMed Scopus (16) Google Scholar and all-cause mortality. 5 Nakazawa A. Nakamura K. Kitamura K. Yoshizawa Y. Association between activities of daily living and mortality among institutionalized elderly adults in Japan. J Epidemiol. 2012; 22: 501-507 Crossref PubMed Scopus (43) Google Scholar However, few studies have assessed the association between ADL performance and incidence of ESKD.

In the C-12 nucleus, the Hoyle state (0(2)(+) ) is considered to be an alpha-condensed state, and the 0(3)(+) state is considered to be its breathing mode. We investigated whether the alpha condensation in C-12 is realized using a microscopic 3 alpha cluster model with short-range correlation induced by nucleon-nucleon interactions, where we used the Argonne v(4)' potential having a short-range repulsion constructed from the realistic Argonne v(18) potential. Short-range correlation was treated using the unitary correlation operator method, and the Bloch-Brink wave function was adopted as a variational wave function where the alpha cluster motions were treated by generator coordinates. We obtained four 0(+) states, including short-range correlation, and analyzed them in terms of the Tohsaki-Horiuchi- Schuck-Ropke (THSR) wave function. In addition to the ordinary THSR wave function, we defined a second -order TSHR wave function to describe the 2 h over bar omega excitation of the alpha-condensed state. The 0(2)(+) state (the Hoyle state) is an alpha-condensed state mainly comprising the Be-8(0(+)) +alpha (0S-wave) configuration, and the 0(3)(+) state mainly comprises the Be-8(0(+)) + alpha (2S-wave) configuration, which is regarded as the breathing mode of the alpha condensation excited from the Hoyle state.

The fundamental theory of strong interaction is quantum chromodynamics (QCD), which provides dynamics of quarks and gluons. These ingredients are confined in hadrons, which are colorless particles. The original Lagrangian of QCD has the approximate chiral symmetry with very small quark masses for up and down quarks, which is spontaneously and dynamically broken to provide masses of hadronic scale to quarks and create pions as Nambu-Goldstone bosons. These fundamental physics (confinement and chiral symmetry breaking) should have a strong impact on the dynamics of hadrons and nuclei. In this chapter, the QCD Lagrangian is introduced first, and efforts to construct the QCD physics in terms of low-energy effective theory with the dual Ginzburg-Landau (DGL) Lagrangian are presented. The model studies on linear potential, glueballs, pion spectrum, etc. in association with color confinement and chiral symmetry breaking are discussed in detail using the DGL Lagrangian. Future applications of the DGL theory to construct hadrons and nuclei are described for the challenge.

We study the symmetric nuclear matter using bare nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) interactions with finite particle-number approach within finite cubic boxes. Due to the $NN$ correlations originating from bare $NN$ interaction, two nucleons can be excited to the high-momentum region, leading to the increase of the kinetic energy in nuclear matter. We further consider the spin excitations in the nucleon pairs, where the spin of the two nucleons are changed, and this excitation is important for the tensor correlation. The unitary correlation operator method (UCOM) is used to treat the short-range correlation. The tail correction coming from the neighbouring boxes is also included. We demonstrate the contributions of various excitations of nucleon pairs as well as the tail correction to the total energy at the normal density. We also discuss the effects of UCOM and correlated nucleon pairs on the density dependence of the total energy. We calculate the equations of state of symmetric nuclear matter using two kinds of the Argonne potentials and the results agree with those from other many-body theories. The density dependences of the Hamiltonian components are also shown.