Bu çalışma, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi araştırma alanında, 2019 ve 2020 yılı üretim sezonunda ana ürün koşullarında yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya konu olan denemeler tesadüf bloklar deneme desenine göre, üç tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada, farklı yer fıstığı çeşitlerinin melezlemesinden elde edilen ve pedigri seleksiyon yöntemine göre seçilen ve denemeye değer bulunan 14 adet ileri ıslah hattı (F8 ve F9) ile Sultan, Ayşehanım, NC-7 ve Halisbey çeşitleri de (standart olarak) materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, denemeye alınan ileri kademedeki yer fıstığı hatlarına ait bitki başına meyve sayısı ve ağırlığı, 100 tohum ağırlığı, iç randımanı, meyve ve tohum verimi ile yağ ve protein oranı gibi önemli özellikler incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; denemeye alınan yer fıstığı hatlarına ait meyve ve tohum verimi değerleri iki yıllık ortalamasına göre sırasıyla 427.9-791.6 kg/da ve 312.5-550.0 kg/da arasında değişim göstermiştir. Dekara en yüksek meyve verimi Osmaniye 2005 x NC-7 çeşitlerinin melezlemesinden elde edilen HA-03 (791.6 kg/da) elde edilmiştir. İki yıllık ortalama değerlere göre HA-03, HW-1, YF-8/P ve YF-19 ıslah hatlarının meyve verimi bakımından standart çeşitlerinden daha yüksek değerlere sahip oldukları gözlenmiştir.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different sowing dates on pod yield and some agronomic characteristics of the ‘Virginia’-type peanut cultivar ‘Halisbey’, and to determine the optimal sowing date in the Mediterranean region. This study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 at the Experimental Research Farm of Agricultural Faculty, Cukurova University in Adana, Turkey. The seeds were sown on seven dates: March 28, April 8, April 18, April 28, May 8, May 18 and May 28 each year. The experiment included a randomized complete block design with three replications. The plants were harvested 160 days after sowing, starting on September 8 every year. Pod number and pod weight per plant, 100 seeds weight, shelling percentage, oil and protein content, pod and kernel yield per hectare were investigated. As a result, pod number and weight per plant, 100 seeds weight, shelling percentage, pods and kernel yield values were found to be the highest at the experimental variant with May 8 sowing date. While the oil content decreased by delaying the sowing date, the protein content was increased. According to a two-year average, the highest pod yield (8136 kg ha-1) and kernel yield (5711 kg ha-1) were also obtained at the experimental variant with May 8 sowing date.

Amaç: Bu çalışma; Çukurova bölgesi ikinci ürün koşullarında yetiştirilen soya bitkisinin tepe büyüme noktasında farklı dönemlerde meydana getirilen mekanik zararın, tohum verimi ile bazı tarımsal özellikler üzerine olan etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çalışma, 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında, Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü Araştırma Alanında ve ikinci ürün yetiştirme sezonunda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada; üç farklı vejetatif gelişme döneminde (V1, V2 ve V3) bitkilerin tepe büyüme noktaları koparılarak mekanik zarar meydana getirilmiştir. Materyal olarak, Arısoy (III. Olgunlaşma grubunda) ve Blaze (IV. Olgunlaşma grubunda) çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya konu olan deneme bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş ve yürütülmüştür.Genel Yorum: Araştırma sonucu, V1, V2 ve V3 vejetatif gelişme dönemlerinde meydana gelen mekanik zararın, verime üzerine etkilerinin çeşitlere göre farklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İki yıllık ortalama değerlere göre, en yüksek tohum verimi, her iki soya çeşidinde de ilk üç yapraklı dönemde (V1) yapılan uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir (473.5 kg da-1). Bu dönemde yapılan uygulama Arısoy çeşidinde yaklaşık %19.0 oranında verim artışına neden olmuştur.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Farklı dönemlerde soya bitkisinin tepe noktasında meydana getirilen mekanik zararın, uygulama zamanının doğru seçilmesi halinde tohum verimi üzerine artırıcı etkisinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Erken vejetatif gelişme döneminde tepe noktasına (büyüme konisine) verilen mekanik zarar, alt boğumda bulunan tomurcukların sürerek daha fazla yan dal ve bakla oluşturması sonucu verim kaybını minimum düzeyde azaltmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ikinci ürün koşullarında yetiştirilen soya bitkisinin dolu zararına maruz kalarak zarar görmesi halinde, bitkinin zarar gördüğü gelişme dönemine göre, tohum veriminin artabileceği veya bazı durumlarda ise verim kayıplarının olabileceği gözlemlenmiştir.

The objective of this study was to determine the agronomic and quality traits of peanut varieties having different pod characteristics at different harvesting times in the main crop growing season. This study was conducted in the experimental area of the Cukurova University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Field Crops as a main crop in 2015 and 2016. The experimental design was a split plots with three replications. Five peanut varieties, Halisbey, NC-7, G.Green, Florispan and G.Red, belonging to four different market types, were used as plant material. Based on two year average, the differences between the varieties were significant for the investigated traits harvested at different times in the main crop growing season. The results indicated that the means of pod number and pod weight per plant, 100 seed weight, shelling percentage, pod and kernel (seed) yield per hectare, oil percentage and crude oil yield per hectare were increased except protein content of seed when the harvesting was delayed.

This study was conducted at the Applying and Research Area of Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Cukurova University in 2015 and 2016. The experimental design was a randomized block design. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and bacteria inoculation on some agronomic and quality characteristics of Halisbey peanut cultivar. In this study, seven (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg ha-1) different nitrogen doses and Rhizobium bacteria were used. As a result of study, the pod yield varied between 4702-6009 kg ha-1. The highest pod yield was obtained from 200 kg ha-1 (6009 kg ha-1) nitrogen and 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen + bacteria (6001 kg ha-1) applied plots. The lowest pod yield (4702 kg ha-1) was obtained from control plots (without N and B). Pod number per plant, pod weight per plant, 100 pod weight, protein, oil ratio and pod yield per ha were affected by the160 and 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen applications. Also, the highest protein ratio was obtained from the 240 kg ha-1 nitrogen and bacteria inoculation.

Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü Araştırma Alan’ında 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında ana ürün yetiştirme sezonunda tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Bakteri ve farklı dozlardaki (0 kg/da, 4 kg/da, 8 kg/da, 12 kg/da, 16 kg/da, 20 kg/da ve 24 kg/da) azot gübresinin Halisbey yerfıstığı çeşidi üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada; bakteri ve farklı azot dozu uygulanan Halisbey yerfıstığı çeşidinin yağ asitleri (palmitik asit, stearik asit, oleik asit, linoleik asit, behenik ve lignoserik asit) içeriği incelenmiştir. Ana ürün koşullarında, oleik asit 24N+B (%53.22) ve 20N+B (%53.18) uygulamalarında çok yüksek bulunmuştur. Linoleik asit ise Kontrol (%30.39) ve 4N uygulamalarında en yüksek bulunmuştur.

This study was conducted at the University of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture research area in 2018 and 2019 in Adana, Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of plant density on pod yield and some agronomic characteristics of different growth type peanut varieties (Halisbey and NC-7) in main crop growing condition. In this research; five different intra-row spacing (5, 10, 15. 20 and 25 cm) were used in single row planting pattern. The experimental design was a split plot with three replications. Pod number and pod weight per plant, 100 seed weight, shelling percentage, oil and protein content, pod and kernel yield per hectare characteristics of varieties were investigated. As a result; pod number and weight per plant and 100 seed weight values were decreased when the plant density was increased, but shelling percentage, pod and kernel yield and protein percentage values were increased. The oil content was not affected by the plant density. The highest pod yield (6652 kg ha(-1)) was obtained when the seeds planted at 5 cm inter-row spacing (28.5 plants m(-2) plant density). The highest pod yield was obtained from Halisbey variety.

This study was conducted at the research area of Field Crops Department in Cukurova University, Agricultural Faculty in 2015 and 2016. The experimental was designed as a Randomized Completed Block design with three replications The objective of this study was to determinate the effect of seven different nitrogen fertilizer doses (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg ha(-)1) and Rhizobium bacteria inoculation on some agronomic and quality characteristics of Halisbey peanut cultivar. In this study; the content of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, behenic and lignoceric acid of Halisbey peanut variety applied with different nitrogen doses were investigated. Fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, behenic acid and lignoceric acid) content of Halisbey peanut variety was investigated. In the main cropped conditions, oleic acid was found very high in 24N+B (53.22%) and 20N+B (53.18%) applications. Linoleic acid gave the highest value in Control (30.39%) and 4N applications.

Bu calismaya konu olan deneme; 2018 yilinda, ikinci urun kosullarinda, C.U. Ziraat Fakultesi deneme alaninda, tesaduf bloklari deneme desenine gore uc tekrarlamali olarak kurulmus ve yurutulmustur. Bu arastirmanin amaci; yurt icinde tescil edilmis bazi susam cesitlerinin ikinci urun kosullarinda bazi onemli tarimsal ve kalite ozelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaca yonelik olarak, yurt icinde farkli kurumlar tarafindan tescil ettirilen; Arslanbey, Batem-Aksu, Batem-Uzun, Baydar-2001, Boydak, Cumhuriyet-99, Golmarmara, Hatipoglu, Kapsut-99, Muganli-57, Orhangazi-57, Osmanli-99, Ozberk-82, Sarisu, Tan-99, Tanas ve Sari Susam (st.) cesitleri denemede materyal olarak kullanilmistir. Denemeye alinan susam cesitlerinin; bitki boyu, ilk kapsul yuksekligi, bitki basina dal ve kapsul sayisi, 1000 tohum agirligi, tohum verimi, yag ve protein orani ile onemli yag asitleri icerigi gibi ozellikler incelenmistir. Elde edilen bulgulara gore, denemeye alinan susam cesitlerinin; tohum verimi degerlerinin 97.7-152.1 kg/da, yag orani degerlerinin %44.2-50.9 ve protein orani degerlerinin ise %20.9-22.2 arasinda degisim gosterdigi saptanmistir. Denemeye alinan susam cesitlerinin Cukurova bolgesi ikinci urun kosullarinda basariyla yetisebildikleri, Tanas ve Cumhuriyet cesitleri haric, diger cesitlerin standart cesit olarak uretilen Sari susam cesidinden daha yuksek verim potansiyeline sahip olduklari gozlenmistir.

This study was carried out to determine the efficacy of different applications of a biopesticide for reduction of aflatoxin contamination in peanut. The biopesticide, afla-guard, delivers a nontoxigenic Aspergillus flavus to the field where it competes with naturally occurring toxigenic fungus. Biocontrol treatments included: (ı) soil application during sowing, (ıı) multiple application during sowing and 40 days after planting, (ııı) foliar application at 60 days after planting (ıv) control (untreated plots). Biopesiticide was applied to peanut plots in 2015 and 2016 in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Peanuts were collected from control and treated plots at harvest-drying-pre-storage periods and analysed for aflatoxins. Aflatoxin concentrations were generally quite low in 2015, also the aflatoxin concentration in treated samples (from 0.04 to 0.71 μg/kg) was reduced by 97.38 to 99.82% compared with controls (from 21.84 to 27.12 μg/kg). In 2016, reductions were also noted for all biocontrol treatments (from 89.07 to 92.39%) compared with controls. In conjunction with the reductions in aflatoxin contamination, biocontrol treatments produced significant reductions with biopesticide in peanut. Therefore, it can be said that a biological control method is a promising approach for controlling aflatoxin.

The objective of this study was to determine the fatty acids composition and oil quality factors of some peanut varieties having different market types at different harvesting times in main and double crop growing seasons in Mediterranean region. This study was conducted in the experimental area of the Cukurova University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Field Crops as a main and double crop in 2015 and 2016. The experimental design was a split plot with three replications. Five peanut varieties, including Halisbey, NC-7, G.Green, Florispan and G.Red, belonging to four different market types, were used as plant material in this research. According to a two-year average, the differences between the peanut varieties were significant for the oil content, oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic and lignoceric acids percentage and oil quality values at different harvesting times in the main and double crop growing season. The results indicated that the data belonging to oil content, oleic and stearic acids percentage were increased when the harvesting was delayed, and that linoleic, palmitic and lignoceric acids percentage of seed was decreased. Stearic acid and oleic acid percentage and O/L ratio was higher in main crop growing season and oil content, linoleic acid percentage and iodine value was higher in double crop growing season.

Micro elements are play important role in human body, but today, micronutrient malnutrition is estimated to affect over 3 billion people in the worldwide. Biofortification is one of the most applicable and sustainable intervention to fight malnutrition worldwide. Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest and most important oil seed crops. A lot of sesame populations adapted to different environmental conditions in the world. These genotypes are valuable source of genetic variation including mineral elements for sesame breeders. In the present study, 22 sesame accession collected from Turkey and 8 different countries were assessed for 6 mineral elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, K, and Mg) content of seeds. The results showed that significant diversity in sesame accessions for contents of Cu (17.16-38.34 mg kg(-1)), Mn (13.49-70.91 mg kg(-1)), Fe (97-298.5 mg kg(-1)), Zn (53.41-95.36 mg kg(-1)), K (5272-9204 mg kg(-1)) and Mg (3374-5846 mg kg(-1)). To develop a new biofortified varieties, plant breeders first characterize landraces. Identification of genetic variation is very important for improve biofortified crops.

Abstract Peanut is one of the most important oil crops in Turkey and grown mainly in Adana, Osmaniye and Aydın provinces. Five peanut cultivars (NC-V11, Halisbey, Arioglu 2003, Sultan and Osmaniye 2005), mostly grown in Turkey, were analyzed for the physical and mechanical characteristics of pods to select the most promising candidate. The average length, width, thickness, the geometric mean diameter, sphericity index and rupture force were studied. The results indicated that all the studied traits were varied significant among the varieties. Thus, a significant extent of genetic diversity was observed among the peanut cultivars under study. Shelling percentage values were varied between 65.7 - 71.6%. The highest shelling percentage was obtained at NC-V11 variety, while the lowest value was obtained at Sultan. The variety NC-V11, Halisbey, Arioglu 2003, Sultan and Osmaniye 2005 showed the average lengths of 42.27, 44.68, 46.17, 49.39 and 44.57 mm; width of 16.00, 17.90, 17.57, 17.45, and 17.92 mm; thickness of 17.33; 18.68; 18.54, 18.42, and 19.10 mm, respectively. Rupture force and stiffness values of peanuts depend on the cultivars and varied from 191.06 to 253.19 N and 129715.61 to 184954.67 N/m as higher and lower values, respectively. The varieties Arioglu 2003, Halisbey and Sultan have lower rupture force and stiffness values. On the other hand, NC-V-11 and Osmaniye-2005 varieties have higher value of rupture force and stiffness. These findings indicated that these two varieties need to more energy for hull rupture. But, in the same time, it played an important role for storage. The NC-V-11 variety achieved the highest values of rupture force than others. Some varieties had thick and strong hull, while some other had thin and weak.

Information about genetic diversity is very crucial in plant breeding program because of crosses between parents with high inter-parental diversity may also help to develop varieties with broad genetic base. The genetic diversity and the relationships among 24 Turkish sesame genotypes were evaluated using 14 ISSR primers. The 14 ISSR primers amplified 68 bands of which 46 were polymorphic (68.2%). The polymorphism information contents (PIC) value, is the discriminatory power of the primers and used as a relative measure level of polymorphism, ranged from 0.06 0.70 with an average of 0.32. The 24 sesame genotypes were divided into 3 groups in a UPGMA based dendogram. Cluster A included 9 sesame population from different region of Turkey, while cluster B included only 5 sesame population from Adana province and two commercial cultivars (Muganli-57 and Baydar-2001). As to cluster C consist of 5 commercial cultivar which registered by same institute and three sesame population from east part of Turkey. This study gives some useful information about the genetic diversity of 24 sesame landraces. The variation harbored by these landraces could be used in sesame breeding program in Turkey as well as in the world. ISSR primers grouped some landraces based on their geographical provenances and while cluster others showing that ISSR could be useful in geographical clustering of sesame landraces.

Aim : Soybean is a strategic crop plant grown to obtain edible oil and forage. Oil content and fatty acid composition of oilseeds are important consideration for breeding programs. This study was conducted to determinate fatty acid compositions of some soybean varieties grown in both main and double cropping system at the University of Cukurova, Turkey in 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Methodology : The experiment was designed in a Randomized Complete Block with three replications. Soybean varieties Atakisi, Arisoy, Cinsoy, Adasoy, Ilksoy, Turksoy, Ataem-7, Sa 88, S 4240, Blaze and Nova (maturity group III and IV) were used as a plant material. Oil content and fatty acid (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids) compositions of soybean varieties were investigated. Results : According to a two-year average, the fatty acid composition of soybean varieties ranged from 10.59-12.09% for palmitic acid, 3.11-4.52% for stearic acid, 27.02-34.09% for oleic acid, 44.51-51.80% for linoleic, and 4.44-5.61% for linolenic acid in main cropped soybean. In double cropped soybean, the fatty acid composition (two-year average) of the tested varieties ranged from 10.76-12.23% for palmitic acid, 3.94-4.87% for stearic acid, 22.69-29.51% for oleic acid, 48.40-54.14% for linoleic and 5.41-6.62% for linolenic, respectively. Interpretation : The oil and oleic acid content was found higher in main cropped than double cropped growing season, but the linoleic acid content was higher in double cropped than in main cropped growing seasons.

Bu çalışmada; Osmaniye İlinde yaygın olarak yetiştirilen NC-7 çeşidine alternatif olabilecek 13 adet farklı yerfıstığı çeşidinin (HALİSBEY, ARIOĞLU-2003, SULTAN, FLOWER-22, OSMANİYE-2005, BRANTLEY, WİLSON, BATEM-5025, BATEM-CİHANGİR, GEORGİA GREEN, FLORİSPAN ve NC V-11) önemli tarımsal ve kalite özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, Yağlı Tohumlar Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü’ne ait deneme alanlarında, ana ürün koşullarında iki yıl süreyle (2015 ile 2016) yürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada, bitki başına meyve sayısı, bitki başına meyve ağırlığı, dekara meyve verimi, 100 meyve ağırlığı, 100 tohum ağırlığı, iç oranı, birinci sınıf meyve sayısı oranı, yağ oranı, protein oranı ve yağ asitleri gibi önemli tarımsal ve kalite özellikleri incelenmiştir.Denemeye alınan çeşitlerin bitki başına meyve sayısı 15.53-43.31 adet, 100 tohum ağırlığı 53.27-132.68 g, iç oranı %62.40-76.57 ve dekara meyve verimi değerleri ise 234.46-655.41 kg/da arasında değişim göstermiştir. Meyve kalitesi ve dekara verimleri bakımından ilk sıralarda yer alan HALİSBEY, OSMANİYE-2005, SULTAN, NC V-11, BATEM-5025, BRANTLEY çeşitlerinin NC-7’ye alternatif olarak, Osmaniye Bölgesinde ana ürün olarak başarıyla yetiştirilebilecekleri saptanmıştır. Ana ürün koşullarında, BRANTLEY çeşidinde, oleik asit oranı (%80.94) çok yüksek bulunmuştur.

This study was conducted as a main crop in University of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture Field Crops Department in 2016. The objective of this research was to determine some agronomic and quality characteristics of peanut breeding lines. In this study, 22 peanut lines (F6) belonging to Brantley (High oleic) x Halisbey (High yield) crossing were used as a plant material. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block with three replications. Pod number and pod weight per plant, 100-seed weight, shelling percentage, oil and protein content, saturated (Palmitic, stearic, arachidic and lignoceric acid) and unsaturated (Oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid) fatty acids percentage and pod yield per hectare values of lines were investigated. As a result, the pod number per plant of breeding lines was between 24.9-34.9 pod plant-1, pod weight was 73.3-91.2 g plant-1, 100-seed weight 118.0-148.6 g, shelling percentage was 59.5-66.9% and pod yield was 6064-9232 kg ha-1. The oil content and oleic acid percentage of breeding lines were varied between 41.20-55.95% and 51.97-80.00%, respectively.

This research was conducted as a main crop in University of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture Field Crops Department in 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of high air and soil temperature on pod yield and some yield component of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding lines in main crop growing season in Mediterranean region in Turkey. In this study, 22 peanut lines (F6 and F7) belonging to Brantley x Halisbey crossing and NC-7 variety (st) were used as a plant material. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block with three replications. The main yield component such as pod number, pod weight, 100-seed weight, and pod yield per hectare values of lines were investigated. The maximum air temperature data was recorded day by day during the growing period in both years and average daily maximum air temperatures were higher in 2017 than in 2016. When the pod yield compared in 2016 and 2017, it is found that the pod yield was lower (21.5%) in 2017 than in 2016. The high air and soil temperature was negatively affected the pod yield of peanut breeding lines. It was found that the breeding lines differ in their sensitivity to high temperatures.