We report the study of B þ → p ¯ Λ K þ K − and B þ → ¯ p Λ K þ K þ decays using a 772 × 10 6 B ¯ B pair data sample recorded on the ϒ ð 4 S Þ resonance with the Belle detector at KEKB. The following branching fractions are measured: B ð B þ → p ¯ Λ K þ K − Þ¼ð 4 . 10 þ 0 . 45 − 0 . 43 (cid:2) 0 . 50 Þ × 10 − 6 , B ð B þ → ¯ p Λ K þ K þ Þ ¼ ð 3 . 70 þ 0 . 39 − 0 . 37 (cid:2) 0 . 44 Þ × 10 − 6 , B ð η c → p ¯ Λ K − þ c : c : Þ ¼ ð 2 . 83 þ 0 . 36 − 0 . 34 (cid:2) 0 . 35 Þ × 10 − 3 and B ð B þ → p ¯ Λ ϕ Þ ¼ ð 7 . 95 (cid:2) 2 . 09 (cid:2) 0 . 77 Þ × 10 − 7 , where c.c. denotes the corresponding charge-conjugation process. The intermediate resonance decays are excluded in the four-body decay measurements. We also find evidence for B ð η c → Λ ð 1520 Þ ¯ Λ þ c : c : Þ ¼ ð 3 . 48 (cid:2) 1 . 48 (cid:2) 0 . 46 Þ × 10 − 3 and B ð B þ → Λ ð 1520 Þ ¯ Λ K þ Þ ¼ ð 2 . 23 (cid:2) 0 . 63 (cid:2) 0 . 25 Þ × 10 − 6 . No significant signals are found for J= ψ → Λ ð 1520 Þ ¯ Λ þ c : c : and B þ → ¯ Λ ð 1520 Þ Λ K þ ; we set the 90% confidence level upper limits on their decay branching fractions as < 1 . 80 × 10 − 3 and < 2 . 08 × 10 − 6 , respectively.

Insertion of halogens such as bromine or iodine affects the electronic polarizability of ions and the local field inside the medium, and thus modifies the refractive index. Acquiring precise knowledge of the dispersion of refractive index and ultimately tailoring conventional semiconductors for wide-range refractive index control have been a vital issue to resolve before realizing advanced organic optoelectronic devices. In this report, dispersions of the refractive index of a single crystal tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene [C 10 H 12 Se 4 ] (TMTSF) are thoroughly studied from broadband interference modulations of photoluminescence (PL) spectra at various temperatures and doping levels. A large enhancement of the refractive index, more than 20% of the intrinsic value, is achieved with inclusion of a small composition of iodide ions, while the structural and optical properties remain mostly intact. Nearly temperature independent dispersion of the refractive index suggests that, unlike most polymers in which the thermal expansion coefficient dominates over the change of polarizability with temperature, the latter enhances significantly and may become more or less comparable to the thermal expansion coefficient given by 1.71 × 10 −4 /K, when single crystal TMTSF is doped by iodine.

Q. N. Xu, ∗ I. Adachi, 9 H. Aihara, S. Al Said, 31 D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, V. Aulchenko, 56 T. Aushev, R. Ayad, V. Babu, I. Badhrees, 30 A. M. Bakich, V. Bansal, E. Barberio, P. Behera, M. Berger, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, J. Biswal, A. Bondar, 56 A. Bozek, M. Bračko, D. Červenkov, A. Chen, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, 46 K. Cho, S.-K. Choi, Y. Choi, D. Cinabro, S. Cunliffe, T. Czank, N. Dash, S. Di Carlo, Z. Doležal, Z. Drásal, S. Eidelman, 56, 36 D. Epifanov, 56 J. E. Fast, T. Ferber, B. G. Fulsom, R. Garg, V. Gaur, N. Gabyshev, 56 A. Garmash, 56 M. Gelb, P. Goldenzweig, Y. Guan, 12 E. Guido, J. Haba, 9 K. Hayasaka, H. Hayashii, M. T. Hedges, W.-S. Hou, K. Inami, G. Inguglia, A. Ishikawa, R. Itoh, 9 M. Iwasaki, Y. Iwasaki, I. Jaegle, H. B. Jeon, Y. Jin, K. K. Joo, T. Julius, A. B. Kaliyar, K. H. Kang, G. Karyan, T. Kawasaki, H. Kichimi, C. Kiesling, D. Y. Kim, H. J. Kim, J. B. Kim, P. Kodyš, S. Korpar, D. Kotchetkov, P. Križan, 26 R. Kroeger, P. Krokovny, R. Kulasiri, Y.-J. Kwon, I. S. Lee, S. C. Lee, L. K. Li, Y. Li, L. Li Gioi, J. Libby, D. Liventsev, 12 M. Lubej, T. Luo, M. Masuda, T. Matsuda, D. Matvienko, 56, 36 M. Merola, K. Miyabayashi, H. Miyata, R. Mizuk, 46, 47 H. K. Moon, T. Mori, R. Mussa, T. Nanut, K. J. Nath, Z. Natkaniec, M. Nayak, 12 N. K. Nisar, S. Nishida, 9 S. Okuno, H. Ono, 55 Y. Onuki, P. Pakhlov, 46 G. Pakhlova, B. Pal, H. Park, S. Paul, T. K. Pedlar, R. Pestotnik, L. E. Piilonen, V. Popov, M. Ritter, A. Rostomyan, G. Russo, Y. Sakai, 9 M. Salehi, 38 S. Sandilya, T. Sanuki, V. Savinov, O. Schneider, G. Schnell, 14 C. Schwanda, Y. Seino, K. Senyo, O. Seon, M. E. Sevior, V. Shebalin, 56 C. P. Shen, T.-A. Shibata, N. Shimizu, J.-G. Shiu, A. Sokolov, E. Solovieva, 47 M. Starič, J. F. Strube, T. Sumiyoshi, M. Takizawa, 13, 61 U. Tamponi, 77 K. Tanida, F. Tenchini, M. Uchida, S. Uehara, 9 T. Uglov, 47 Y. Unno, S. Uno, 9 P. Urquijo, C. Van Hulse, G. Varner, A. Vinokurova, 56 V. Vorobyev, 56, 36 A. Vossen, B. Wang, C. H. Wang, M.-Z. Wang, P. Wang, X. L. Wang, 12 M. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, E. Widmann, E. Won, H. Ye, C. Z. Yuan, Y. Yusa, S. Zakharov, C. C. Zhang, Z. P. Zhang, V. Zhilich, 56 V. Zhukova, 46 V. Zhulanov, 56 and A. Zupanc 26

The first search for $Z_{c}$ pair production in $\Upsilon(1S)$ and $\Upsilon(2S)$ decays and in $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation at $\sqrt{s}$ = 10.52, 10.58, and 10.867 GeV is conducted using data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy electron-positron collider. No significant signals are observed in any of the studied modes, and the 90\% credibility level upper limits on their product branching fractions in $\Upsilon(1S)$ and $\Upsilon(2S)$ decays (${\cal B}(\Upsilon(1S,2S)\to Z^{+}_{c}Z^{(\prime) -}_{c})\times{\cal B}(Z^{+}_{c}\to\pi^{+}+c\bar c)$ ($c\bar c=J/\psi$, $\chi_{c1}(1P)$, $\psi(2S)$)) and the product of Born cross section and branching fraction for $e^{+}e^{-} \to Z^{+}_{c}Z^{(\prime) -}_{c}$ ($\sigma(e^+e^- \to Z^{+}_{c}Z^{(\prime) -}_{c})\times {\cal B}(Z^{+}_{c} \to \pi^+ +c\bar c)$) at $\sqrt{s}$ = 10.52, 10.58, and 10.867 GeV are determined. Here, $Z_{c}$ refers to the $Z_{c}(3900)$ and $Z_{c}(4200)$ observed in the $\pi J/\psi$ final state, the $Z_{c1}(4050)$ and $Z_{c2}(4250)$ in the $\pi\chi_{c1}(1P)$ state, and the $Z_{c}(4050)$ and $Z_{c}(4430)$ in the $\pi\psi(2S)$ state.

M. Huschle, T. Kuhr, M. Heck, P. Goldenzweig, A. Abdesselam, I. Adachi, 12 K. Adamczyk, H. Aihara, S. Al Said, 29 K. Arinstein, 51 D. M. Asner, T. Aushev, 23 R. Ayad, T. Aziz, I. Badhrees, 28 A. M. Bakich, V. Bansal, E. Barberio, V. Bhardwaj, B. Bhuyan, J. Biswal, A. Bobrov, 51 A. Bozek, M. Bračko, 24 T. E. Browder, D. Červenkov, P. Chang, V. Chekelian, A. Chen, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, R. Chistov, K. Cho, V. Chobanova, Y. Choi, D. Cinabro, J. Dalseno, 63 M. Danilov, 40 Z. Doležal, Z. Drásal, D. Dutta, S. Eidelman, 51 D. Epifanov, H. Farhat, J. E. Fast, T. Ferber, A. Frey, B. G. Fulsom, V. Gaur, N. Gabyshev, 51 A. Garmash, 51 R. Gillard, R. Glattauer, Y. M. Goh, B. Golob, 24 J. Grygier, P. Hamer, K. Hara, T. Hara, 12 J. Hasenbusch, K. Hayasaka, H. Hayashii, X. H. He, M. Heider, A. Heller, T. Horiguchi, W.-S. Hou, C.-L. Hsu, T. Iijima, 42 K. Inami, G. Inguglia, A. Ishikawa, R. Itoh, 12 Y. Iwasaki, I. Jaegle, D. Joffe, K. K. Joo, T. Julius, K. H. Kang, E. Kato, P. Katrenko, T. Kawasaki, T. Keck, C. Kiesling, D. Y. Kim, H. J. Kim, J. B. Kim, J. H. Kim, K. T. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. J. Kim, K. Kinoshita, B. R. Ko, N. Kobayashi, P. Kodyš, S. Korpar, 24 P. Križan, 24 P. Krokovny, 51 T. Kumita, A. Kuzmin, 51 Y.-J. Kwon, I. S. Lee, C. Li, Y. Li, L. Li Gioi, J. Libby, D. Liventsev, 15 P. Lukin, 51 M. Masuda, D. Matvienko, 51 K. Miyabayashi, H. Miyake, 12 H. Miyata, R. Mizuk, 40 G. B. Mohanty, S. Mohanty, 71 A. Moll, 63 H. K. Moon, R. Mussa, K. R. Nakamura, E. Nakano, M. Nakao, 12 T. Nanut, M. Nayak, N. K. Nisar, S. Nishida, 12 S. Ogawa, S. Okuno, C. Oswald, G. Pakhlova, 23 B. Pal, C. W. Park, H. Park, T. K. Pedlar, L. Pesántez, R. Pestotnik, M. Petrič, L. E. Piilonen, C. Pulvermacher, E. Ribežl, M. Ritter, A. Rostomyan, Y. Sakai, 12 S. Sandilya, L. Santelj, T. Sanuki, Y. Sato, V. Savinov, O. Schneider, G. Schnell, 16 C. Schwanda, A. J. Schwartz, D. Semmler, K. Senyo, O. Seon, M. E. Sevior, V. Shebalin, 51 C. P. Shen, T.-A. Shibata, J.-G. Shiu, F. Simon, 63 Y.-S. Sohn, A. Sokolov, E. Solovieva, S. Stanič, M. Starič, M. Steder, J. Stypula, M. Sumihama, T. Sumiyoshi, U. Tamponi, 70 Y. Teramoto, K. Trabelsi, 12 V. Trusov, M. Uchida, T. Uglov, 41 S. Uno, 12 Y. Usov, 51 C. Van Hulse, P. Vanhoefer, G. Varner, A. Vinokurova, 51 V. Vorobyev, 51 M. N. Wagner, C. H. Wang, M.-Z. Wang, P. Wang, X. L. Wang, M. Watanabe, Y. Watanabe, E. Won, H. Yamamoto, J. Yamaoka, S. Yashchenko, H. Ye, Y. Yook, C. Z. Yuan, Y. Yusa, Z. P. Zhang, V. Zhilich, 51 V. Zhulanov, 51 and A. Zupanc

We present a measurement of the branching fraction and the longitudinal polarization fraction of B-0 -> rho(+)rho(-) decays, as well as the time-dependent CP violating parameters in decays into longitudinally polarized rho(+)rho(-) pairs with Belle's final data set of 772 x 10(6) B (B) over bar pairs, at the Upsilon(4S) resonance, collected at the asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider KEKB. We obtain B(B-0 -> rho(+)rho(-)) = (28.3 +/- 1.5(stat) +/- 1.5(syst)) x 10(-6), f(L) = 0.988 +/- 0.012(stat) +/- 0.023(syst), A(CP) = 0.00 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.06(syst), S-CP = -0.13 +/- 0.15(stat) +/- 0.05(syst). We perform an isospin analysis to constrain the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle phi(2) and obtain two solutions with phi(2) = (93.7 +/- 10.6)degrees, being most compatible with other Standard-Model based fits to the data.

University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao Beihang University, Beijing 100191 University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221 Deutsches Elektronen–Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193 Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791 University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801 IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039 Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036 Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408 Institute of High Energy Physics, Vienna 1050 Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281 INFN—Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218 J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana Kanagawa University, Yokohama 221-8686 Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw Georgia 30144 King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806 Korea University, Seoul 136-713 Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München Luther College, Decorah, Iowa 52101 PHYSICAL REVIEW D 91, 112009 (2015)

Plasma etching was demonstrated to be a promising tool for generating self-organized nano-patterns on various commercial films. Unfortunately, dynamic scaling approach toward fundamental understanding of the formation and growth of the plasma-induced nano-structure has not always been straightforward. The temporal evolution of self-aligned nano-patterns may often evolve with an additional scale-invariance, which leads to breakdown of the well-established dynamic scaling law. The concept of a bifractal interface is successfully applied to reticular patterns induced by oxygen plasma on the surface of polymer films. The reticular pattern, composed of nano-size self-aligned protuberances and underlying structure, develops two types of anomalous dynamic scaling characterized by super-roughening and intrinsic anomalous scaling, respectively. The diffusion and aggregation of short-cleaved chains under the plasma environment are responsible for the regular distribution of the nano-size protuberances. Remarkably, it is uncovered that the dynamic roughening of the underlying structure is governed by a relaxation mechanism described by the Edwards-Wilkinson universality class with a conservative noise. The evidence for the basic phase, characterized by the negative roughness and growth exponents, has been elusive since its first theoretical consideration more than two decades ago.

Genetically hydrophobic polymer interfaces are functionalized by oxygen plasma and systematically analyzed using contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, and high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. High resolution C 1s core level spectra indicate that approximately three of five-hydrogen-abstracted carbon sites at the surface become terminated in equal weight by aldehyde and carboxylic acid. Without altering the global structure of the interface, the plasma treatments at E-RF>100 J generate a network of small protuberances which grows with E-RF, and a wavelength selection with a characteristic length scale increasing with E-RF. While the polymer surface is continuously eroded in the rate of similar to 4 nm/100 J, a delicate balance between the growth of the network of the local structure and the progression of the wavelength selection allows the polymer interface to maintain a relatively high level of the low molecular weight materials, which is responsible for the enhanced surface concentration of carbonyl group during the abrasive functionalization process above E-RF similar to 100 J. The sharp increase in the wettability of the polymer interface upon the plasma treatment is closely related to the surface concentration of the total polar functional group containing oxygen rather than that of a specific functional group. (C) 2014 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

The spatial structure and statistical properties of polymer interfaces grown by vapor deposition polymerization have been studied in the context of fluid turbulence. The extended self-similarity present in the correlation functions of the polymer interface uncovers two types of multiscaling for different spatial scales. The relative qth-order scaling exponents and the probability distribution functions of the height gradient display intermittent height fluctuations, which lead to spatial multiscaling analogous to the velocity fluctuations in turbulent fluid. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.87.032402

High-quality Zn1−xCoxO (ZnCoO) thin films with different Co concentrations (x=0−0.07) were synthesized on Al2O3 substrates using a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering process. The structural, chemical, optical, and electrical properties of the films were characterized using various techniques. High-resolution X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the ZnCoO films had a c-oriented hexagonal wurtzite structure with no extra phases. The lattice constants of the films increased slightly with increasing the Co concentration ratio. X-ray photoelectron spectra show the incorporation of Co2+ ions in the ZnO host without the formations of Co clusters. Hall measurements revealed that the films were n-type with a charge carrier density of ∼2.6×1018 per cm3. A neutral-donor bound exciton peak (D0X) from all specimens was observed at 3.36eV using photoluminescence measurements at 10K. The physical and chemical properties of the films suggested that their ferromagnetic properties originated from a direct exchange interaction between magnetic Co ions.

The nuclear γ-ray spectroscopy enters a new era when the first engineering run of GRETINA [1], a new generation of γ-ray tracking arrays, was successfully carried out at LBNL in early April, 2011. A parallel effort has been setup to develop the auxiliary charged-particle detector arrays with a matching position resolution to fully exploit the potential of GRETINA. Improving the position resolution of the existing charged-particle detector array, CHICO [2], is a part of this coordinated effort. The proposal to upgrade CHICO was approved by DOE/SC at the end of FY10. The goal is to redesign the cathode board and amplifier to improve the resolution for both and coordinates to better than one degree to match that of GRETINA. This project is scheduled to complete by the summer of 2012.

The evolution of rough fronts in the early growth stage of poly(chloro- p -xylylene) films on Si/SiO 2 substrates was measured using atomic force microscopy, and analyzed in detail according to the dynamic scaling theories of kinetic roughening. While the growth of the interface width and the correlation length were reduced as the system entered into the three-dimensional growth mode, both the global and the local roughness exponents remained at α=1.39 and α loc =0.74. The scaling behavior, α=α s ≠α loc for α s >1, was categorized as the super-roughening process, but the characteristic scaling parameters could not be classified into any known universality classes based on local growth models. The unconventional scaling characteristics and the interesting crossover behaviors in the kinetic roughening were attributed to the delicate changes in the intermolecular interactions associated with the chemical reaction-limited aggregation.

The evolution of island formation during submonolayer growth of poly(chloro-p-xylylene) films on naturally grown silicon oxide substrates is investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and analyzed within the framework of dynamic scaling theory. A transition of film growth mechanism from diffusion-limited aggregation to reaction-limited aggregation is dramatically displayed in an unprecedented progression of the island density distribution functions. As surface coverage increases, a conventional bell-shaped monomodal distribution in early growth regime (theta = 0.07) gradually changes to a monotonically decreasing function, approximately following a power-law. The marginal power-law scaling behavior of the island distribution functions, reminiscent of the behavior of colloid aggregation, strongly suggests that film growth by vapor deposition polymerization is a new type of surface growth governed by reaction-limited aggregation process in which the competition between diffusion and deposition does not define the typical time scale of film growth.

The high spin levels of a very neutron-rich Zr-104 nucleus have been reinvestigated by measuring the prompt. rays in the spontaneous fission of Cf-252. The ground-state band has been confirmed. A new sideband has been identified with a band-head energy at 1928.7 keV. The projected shell model is employed to investigate the band structure of Zr-104. The results of calculated levels are in good agreement with the experimental data, and suggest that the new band in Zr-104 may be based on the neutron nu 5/2(-)[532] circle times nu 3/2(+)[411] configuration.

An isomeric one-quasineutron state, likely based on the [725]11/2(-) Nilsson level, was identified in (261)Sg by its decay via internal conversion electrons. The state has an excitation energy of approximate to 200 keV and a half-life of 9.0(-1.5)(+2.0) mu s. (261)Sg has the highest Z and A of any nucleus in which the electromagnetic decay of an isomeric state was observed to date. A separate experiment was performed on the a daughter nucleus of (261)Sg, namely (257)Rf. Spectroscopy of delayed gamma rays and converted electrons from (257)Rf resulted in the identification of a K isomer at an excitation energy of approximate to 1125 keV with a half-life of 134.9 +/- 7.7 mu s. The spin of the isomeric state is tentatively assigned I = 21/2, 23/2 and the state likely decays to a rotational band built on the [725]11/2(-) Nilsson level via a Delta K = 5 or 6 transition. The present results provide new information on excited states in the transactinide region, which is important for testing models of the heaviest elements.

In the Surrogate Method, the measured decay probability of a compound nucleus formed via a direct reaction is used to extract the cross section for a reaction with a different entrance channel that proceeds through the same compound nucleus. An extension of the Surrogate Method, the Surrogate Ratio Method (SRM), uses a ratio of measured decay probabilities to infer an unknown cross section relative to a known one. To test the SRM we compare the direct-reaction-induced fission probability ratio of {sup 234}U({alpha},{alpha}{sup '}f) to {sup 236}U({alpha},{alpha}{sup '}f) with the ratio of cross sections of {sup 233}U(n,f) to {sup 235}U(n,f). These ratios were found to be in agreement over an equivalent neutron energy range of 0.4-18 MeV.