There is continuing interest in how to write and publish papers in top management journals. Some authors have focused on how the content of papers affects their publication – are they creative and interesting, with well-defined constructs, clear boundary conditions and provocative implications? Others have focused on how theories and results are presented in a paper – is the paper written clearly, is its macrostructure logical and is its style consistent with a particular journal? Yet other authors have focused on the processes that scholars have used to develop influential bodies of work. Taken as a whole, this work – whether focused on content, presentation or process – has generated important insights into writing and publishing papers in top management journals.

This chapter considers how core strategic management theories (resource-based theory, positioning theory and the theory of the firm) could be impacted by incorporating stakeholder considerations. Resource-based theory would need to adopt a model of profit appropriation in which stakeholders in addition to shareholders would have residual claims on a firm’s profits. Positioning theory’s traditional focus on threats would broaden to a focus on stakeholder-generated opportunities for profit generation. And stakeholder logic brings into question the importance of a theory of the firm for strategic management theory. These ideas (and others) are explored in this chapter as well as the implications for strategic management topics such as corporate diversification, mergers and acquisitions, and corporate governance. Last, the chapter briefly considers some broader implications for other fields of scholarship that use and apply strategic management theories to develop applications and explain phenomena of interest in their own respective fields.

Loss leadership is a marketing strategy in which retailers sell items for unusually low prices to induce customers to buy other goods at normal profits. While the phenomenon and its efficacy have received relatively little scholarly attention, the existing evidence suggests that it can be a viable means of achieving price discrimination as well as increasing store traffic. It is related to, but distinct from, the 'razors-and-blades' strategy of selling one good at a low price to encourage sales of complementary goods.

There is broad agreement among strategy scholars that customers and the demand side more generally are a central but very much underdeveloped aspect in current strategy theories. This panel brings together a set of highly distinguished scholars who each provide a distinct perspective on this topic. The focus is on exploring: the concept of a “value proposition&x201D; as a bridge between the supply and the demand side; the nature of customers and the demand side more generally; and the implications of explicitly accounting for customers and the demand side for research and practice in the field of strategic management.

Prospective studies reported that a subset of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients can experience significant improvement of myocardial structure and function. The field has been primarily focused on non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) with the reasoning that ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) patients would suffer from irreversible scarring following myocardial infarction (MI). However, the great majority of acute MI patients, even those with large anterior MI, are discharged from their index hospitalization without heart failure (HF) to return much later with overt HF syndrome mainly due to chronic remodeling of the non-infarcted region of the myocardium. 142 consecutive patients with documented dilated cardiomyopathy (NICM n=87, ICM n=55) requiring durable support with continuous-flow LVAD were prospectively evaluated with serial echocardiograms (at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months) after LVAD implant. Acute MI, myocarditis and other classic acute HF etiologies were prospectively excluded. In the overall population, 17% of the patients achieved a post LVAD maximum LV ejection fraction (EF) ≥ 40%. The proportion of ICM patients achieving a maximum LV ejection fraction (EF) ≥ 40% was 13% while in NICM was found to be 20% (Figure, panel A). The time course of EF improvement and decrease of left ventricular end diastolic diameter in the group of patients that achieved EF ≥ 40% is shown in Panels B and C, respectively. Both ICM and NICM patients are potential candidates for cardiac recovery following mechanical unloading. Our results could be useful in the design of future clinical and translational investigations to elucidate the mechanisms of recovery in ischemic cardiomyopathy with or without VAD.

Cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, increased fibrosis and decreased microvascular density are key structural characteristics of myocardial remodeling and heart failure. Cardiac tissue from the left ventricle is typically not readily obtainable to monitor the extent of these changes or their response to therapy. We sought to examine left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) structural characteristics and investigate whether information derived from RV septal biopsies could also be reflective of LV remodeling. Fifty patients with end-stage heart failure undergoing transplantation were eligible for the study. Biopsies from LV apex, LV base and RV septum were obtained at the time of heart transplantation. CD34 immunohistochemistry, Trichrome and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) histochemical stains were used for evaluation of microvascular density (MVD), fibrosis and myocyte cross sectional area (CSA), respectively. Quantification was performed at full thickness heart sections (epicardium to endocardium) with whole-field digital microscopy. A similar degree of fibrosis was observed between the right and left ventricular regions examined. However, MVD was significantly decreased at LV Apex compared to RV septum. Finally, myocyte CSA was significantly increased at LV Base compared to RV septum. The degree of cardiac fibrosis between RV and LV regions examined was similar. However, other myocardial remodeling characteristics such as myocyte hypertrophy and impaired microvascular density appear to follow a non-uniform pattern between LV regions and RV septum. Therefore, RV septal biopsy does not appear to be a reliable way to monitor progression of LV structural pathological remodeling or myocardial response to therapeutic interventions.

PurposeInflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of heart failure and the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, Tissue Necrosis Factor (TNF), have been correlated with the severity of disease. We hypothesized that TNF levels would also correlate with the ability of the failing human heart to improve its endogenous function after mechanical unloading induced by left ventricular assist devices (LVAD).MethodsWe examined 83 patients supported with LVAD as a bridge to transplantation. Left ventricular function was evaluated both before and serially after LVAD implantation, using echocardiography with LVAD turn-down. LVAD- induced myocardial functional "Response" was defined as a relative increase in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction >50% and a relative decrease in LV end- systolic volumes >20% ("Responders"). Left Ventricular (LV) biopsies and peripheral blood were collected at the time of LVAD implantation. Myocardial mRNA levels of TNF were quantified by RT-qPCR. Also, protein levels of TNF were measured both in myocardial tissue and in serum using ELISA.ResultsMyocardial function improved significantly in 16 patients (19%- i.e. "Responders"). Both myocardial tissue TNF mRNA expression and TNF protein levels were significantly lower in Responders at the pre- LVAD implantation time point -0.07±0.01 vs 0.21±0.05 AU, p=0.02 and 0.4±0.06 vs 0.7±0.07 pg/ml, p=0.0012, respectively. Serum TNF protein levels, measured before the initiation of LVAD unloading, were also significantly lower in Responders - 7.8±1.1 vs 12.8±1 pg/ml, p<0.001. Further, serum TNF levels at the pre-LVAD implantation time point were inversely correlated to the degree of change of LV ejection fraction induced by LVAD unloading (r=-0.4, p=0.0016).ConclusionTNF levels in myocardial tissue and serum obtained at the time of LVAD implant inversely correlate with the ability of the heart to significantly improve its endogenous function during LVAD- induced mechanical unloading. The utility of TNF as a potential biomarker to predict unloading-induced myocardial recovery warrants further investigation. PurposeInflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of heart failure and the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, Tissue Necrosis Factor (TNF), have been correlated with the severity of disease. We hypothesized that TNF levels would also correlate with the ability of the failing human heart to improve its endogenous function after mechanical unloading induced by left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of heart failure and the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, Tissue Necrosis Factor (TNF), have been correlated with the severity of disease. We hypothesized that TNF levels would also correlate with the ability of the failing human heart to improve its endogenous function after mechanical unloading induced by left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). MethodsWe examined 83 patients supported with LVAD as a bridge to transplantation. Left ventricular function was evaluated both before and serially after LVAD implantation, using echocardiography with LVAD turn-down. LVAD- induced myocardial functional "Response" was defined as a relative increase in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction >50% and a relative decrease in LV end- systolic volumes >20% ("Responders"). Left Ventricular (LV) biopsies and peripheral blood were collected at the time of LVAD implantation. Myocardial mRNA levels of TNF were quantified by RT-qPCR. Also, protein levels of TNF were measured both in myocardial tissue and in serum using ELISA. We examined 83 patients supported with LVAD as a bridge to transplantation. Left ventricular function was evaluated both before and serially after LVAD implantation, using echocardiography with LVAD turn-down. LVAD- induced myocardial functional "Response" was defined as a relative increase in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction >50% and a relative decrease in LV end- systolic volumes >20% ("Responders"). Left Ventricular (LV) biopsies and peripheral blood were collected at the time of LVAD implantation. Myocardial mRNA levels of TNF were quantified by RT-qPCR. Also, protein levels of TNF were measured both in myocardial tissue and in serum using ELISA. ResultsMyocardial function improved significantly in 16 patients (19%- i.e. "Responders"). Both myocardial tissue TNF mRNA expression and TNF protein levels were significantly lower in Responders at the pre- LVAD implantation time point -0.07±0.01 vs 0.21±0.05 AU, p=0.02 and 0.4±0.06 vs 0.7±0.07 pg/ml, p=0.0012, respectively. Serum TNF protein levels, measured before the initiation of LVAD unloading, were also significantly lower in Responders - 7.8±1.1 vs 12.8±1 pg/ml, p<0.001. Further, serum TNF levels at the pre-LVAD implantation time point were inversely correlated to the degree of change of LV ejection fraction induced by LVAD unloading (r=-0.4, p=0.0016). Myocardial function improved significantly in 16 patients (19%- i.e. "Responders"). Both myocardial tissue TNF mRNA expression and TNF protein levels were significantly lower in Responders at the pre- LVAD implantation time point -0.07±0.01 vs 0.21±0.05 AU, p=0.02 and 0.4±0.06 vs 0.7±0.07 pg/ml, p=0.0012, respectively. Serum TNF protein levels, measured before the initiation of LVAD unloading, were also significantly lower in Responders - 7.8±1.1 vs 12.8±1 pg/ml, p<0.001. Further, serum TNF levels at the pre-LVAD implantation time point were inversely correlated to the degree of change of LV ejection fraction induced by LVAD unloading (r=-0.4, p=0.0016). ConclusionTNF levels in myocardial tissue and serum obtained at the time of LVAD implant inversely correlate with the ability of the heart to significantly improve its endogenous function during LVAD- induced mechanical unloading. The utility of TNF as a potential biomarker to predict unloading-induced myocardial recovery warrants further investigation. TNF levels in myocardial tissue and serum obtained at the time of LVAD implant inversely correlate with the ability of the heart to significantly improve its endogenous function during LVAD- induced mechanical unloading. The utility of TNF as a potential biomarker to predict unloading-induced myocardial recovery warrants further investigation.

Contrary to Ramsay's (2001) conclusion and Hunt and Davis's (2008) positioning of their recent article, resource-based theory suggests that purchasing and supply chain management will often have the attributes that can enable them to be sources of sustained competitive advantage.

PART I: The Logic of Strategic Analysis Chapter 1. Introduction: What Is Strategy? Chapter 2. Firm Performance and Competitive Advantage Chapter 3. Evaluating Environmental Threats Chapter 4. Evaluating Environmental Opportunities Chapter 5. Evaluating Firm Strengths and Weaknesses: The Resource-Based View PART II: Business Strategies Chapter 6. Cost Leadership Chapter 7. Product Differentiation Chapter 8. Flexibility: Real Options Analysis Under Risk and Uncertainty Chapter 9. Tacit Collusion: Cooperation to Reduce Competition PART III: Corporate Strategies Chapter 10. Vertical Integration Strategies Chapter 11. Diversification Strategies Chapter 12. Implementing Corporate Diversification Chapter 13. Strategic Alliances Chapter 14. Merger and Acquisition Strategies Chapter 15. International Strategies

Strategic Entrepreneurship JournalVolume 4, Issue 2 p. 105-105 Introduction Introduction to volume 4, issue 2 Dan Schendel, Corresponding Author Dan Schendel [email protected] Krannert Graduate School of Business, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.Krannert Graduate School of Business, Purdue University, West Lafayettte, IN 47907 U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorMichael A. Hitt, Michael A. Hitt Department of Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorJay B. Barney, Jay B. Barney Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author Dan Schendel, Corresponding Author Dan Schendel [email protected] Krannert Graduate School of Business, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.Krannert Graduate School of Business, Purdue University, West Lafayettte, IN 47907 U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorMichael A. Hitt, Michael A. Hitt Department of Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this authorJay B. Barney, Jay B. Barney Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author First published: 11 June 2010 https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.85AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume4, Issue2June 2010Pages 105-105 RelatedInformation

Delivering quality customer service has emerged as a strategic imperative, one that is increasingly tied to a firm's information technology resources and capabilities. This paper presents an empirical study that examines the extent to which IT impacts customer service. More specifically, this study investigates the differential effects of various IT resources and capabilities on the performance of the customer service process across firms that compete in the North American life and health insurance industry. The paper builds on (1) information systems work that suggests that the effects of IT are best documented at the level of processes within a firm, (2) information systems work that suggests that the performance effects of IT are likely to be contingent in nature, and (3) developments in the resource-based view, which describes the kinds of IT resources and capabilities that are likely to enable a process in one firm to outperform the same process in competing firms. The findings suggest that tacit, socially complex, firm-specific resources explain variation in process performance across firms and that IT resources and capabilities without these attributes do not. Of particular interest to IS scholars, it is found that shared knowledge between IT and customer service units-an important driver of how IT is implemented and used in the customer service process-is a key IT capability that affects customer service process performance and moderates the impacts of explicit IT resources such as the generic information technologies used in the process and IT spending, which-consistent with resource-based predictions-were not found to be directly and positively associated with relative process performance. The implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed.

Jay Barney é considerado hoje uma das principais autoridades no estudo de estratégia. Professor de Administração na Ohio State University, é um dos criadores do conceito da “visão baseada em recursos” (RBV), pedra fundamental do campo. Durante a Terceira Conferência Internacional da Iberoamerican Academy of Management, ocorrida em São Paulo, o pesquisador concedeu esta entrevista à RAE-executivo, na qual fala sobre RBV e sua preocupação com a estratégia em contextos turbulentos.

From the Publisher: This book offers a novel approach for analyzing and developing business strategies for the Internet and electronic commerce. The topics addressed include how to predict which firms will be successful, how a manager should respond to competitors who adopt the Internet and electronic commerce, and how a company can obtain a competitive advantage in times of intense competition and proliferating information technology. The book uses case studies (including Dell Computer, Cisco Systems. Charles Schwab, and Merrill Lynch) and develops a dynamic resource-based model of strategy.