The deglacial forebulge along the Atlantic coasts of North America and Europe has been a key area for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) studies. Relative sea level (RSL) changes in this region are highly sensitive to the 3D Earth structure, and the area hosts abundant RSL data that can help constrain the 3D Earth structure. However, many previous studies either relied primarily on 1D Earth models or adopted 3D structures without systematically exploring the magnitude of lateral heterogeneity or the uncertainty associated with deglacial ice histories. Here, we use the latest standardized deglacial RSL databases from the Atlantic coasts of North America and Europe for comparison with 3D GIA models coupled with two widely used ice models, ICE-6G_C and ANU-ICE. Our 3D Earth model consists of a 1D background viscosity model (ηo) and lateral viscosity variations; the latter are derived from shear velocity anomalies in a seismic tomography model and scaled by a factor (β) denoting the magnitude of lateral heterogeneity. We explore a range of ηo and β to assess the sensitivity of RSL predictions to both the background viscosity and the magnitude of lateral heterogeneity. The RSL databases include sea-level index points and limiting data, which we further classify by depositional setting (base of basal, basal, intercalated). We compare the RSL data to the GIA model predictions using a weighted misfit approach that reflects data type and interpretive uncertainty. We find that 3D Earth structure has significant influence on RSL predictions, and the optimal 3D models substantially improve the fit to RSL data compared with 1D GIA models (e.g., ICE-6G_C VM5a). The Atlantic coast RSL datasets from North America and Europe favor different combinations of ηo and β, although the former provides stronger constraints owing to its higher spatial coverage and lower data uncertainty. Notably, despite differences in ice history, ICE-6G_C and ANU-ICE prefer similar 3D Earth structures. Ongoing work will quantify the uncertainty of the 3D model resolved by the available RSL data.

Urinary catheters, the most frequently placed medical devices in the US, increase the risk of developing symptomatic catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) - the presence of bacteria in the urine - with those requiring long-term urinary catheters (LTUCs) at highest risk. While ASB and CAUTI are caused by a broad range of uropathogens, most remain understudied. We use whole-genome sequencing to investigate the understudied uropathogen, Staphylococcus aureus. Analysis of 153 longitudinal S. aureus isolates previously collected from urinary catheter or urine samples from 20 individuals with LTUCs (average of 8 longitudinal isolates/person) demonstrates that most strains are multidrug resistant (MDR), including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and sequence type 5. Importantly, the same S. aureus strain persisted as ASB for an average of 13 weeks, despite antibiotic exposures or urinary catheter exchanges, and in one case transitioned to symptomatic CAUTI. The longitudinal strains are highly genetically related with few genomic changes and stable antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene carriage. This work demonstrates that MDR S. aureus can persist as ASB long-term and that common strategies to reduce or eliminate microbes from LTUCs were ineffective at eradicating the uropathogen in most cases, despite phenotypic susceptibility to the administered antibiotic.

Geologic records of tropical cyclones (TCs) in low-energy, back-barrier environments are established by identifying marine sediments via their allochthonous biogeochemical signal. These records have the potential to reconstruct TC intensity and frequency through time. However, modern analog studies are needed to understand which biogeochemical indicators of overwash sediments are best preserved and how post-depositional changes may affect their preservation. Here, we examine the overwash sediments of two successive land-falling, high-intensity TCs: Hurricane Ian in 2022 and Hurricane Irma in 2017. Hurricane Ian’s overwash sediments at two mangrove sites, including one directly along (Matlacha Pass) and one other distal from (Blackwater Bay) Hurricane Ian’s path through southwest Florida, USA, were identified as a light gray very poorly to poorly sorted coarse silty sand with marine microfossils and geochemical marine signature. Hurricane Irma’s overwash sediments remained identifiable from post-Irma sediments at Blackwater Bay as a gray poorly sorted coarse silt with a marine microfossil signature but lacking a distinctive geochemical signature. The identification of overwash sediments left by TCs occurring in within five years demonstrates the high preservation potential of overwash sediments in low-energy, mangrove environments. Similar environments can be utilized to advance paleotempestology studies in southwest Florida.

ABSTRACTGeologic reconstructions of overwash events can extend storm records beyond the brief instrumental record. However, the return periods of storms calculated from geologic records alone may underestimate the frequency of events given the preservation bias of geologic records. Here, we compare a geologic reconstruction of storm activity from a salt marsh in New Jersey to two neighboring instrumental records at the Sandy Hook and Battery tide gauges. Eight overwash deposits were identified within the marsh's stratigraphy by their fan‐shaped morphology and coarser mean grain size (3.6 ± 0.7 φ) compared to autochthonous sediments they were embedded in (5.6 ± 0.8 φ). We used an age–depth model based on modern chronohorizons and three radiocarbon dates to provide age constraints for the overwash deposits. Seven of the overwash deposits were attributed to historical storms, including the youngest overwash deposit from Hurricane Sandy in 2012. The four youngest overwash deposits overlap with instrumental records. In contrast, the Sandy Hook and Battery tide gauges recorded eight and 11 extreme water levels above the 10% annual expected probability (AEP) of exceedance level, respectively, between 1932/1920 and the present. The geologic record in northern New Jersey, therefore, has a 36–50% preservation potential of capturing extreme water levels above the 10% AEP level.

In the antibiotic resistance era, utilizing understudied sources for novel antimicrobials or antivirulence agents can provide new advances against antimicrobial resistant pathogens. In this study, we aimed to investigate antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and several S. aureus clinical isolates obtained from medical devices, including patient urinary catheters and breast implant infections, with varying antibiotic recalcitrance profiles. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts from P. oceanica rhizome exhibited significant antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and S. aureus, as well as drug resistant S. aureus clinical isolates. Furthermore, significant antibiofilm activity was observed against S. aureus and E. faecalis treated with ER, MR1, and MR2. P. oceanica extracts also exhibited synergistic antimicrobial activity with ciprofloxacin against E. faecalis, sensitizing E. faecalis to a lower ciprofloxacin concentration. Collectively, our data demonstrate the selective antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the extracts of P. oceanica against Gram-positive bacteria and clinical isolates along with potentiation of current antibiotics, which suggests that P. oceanica can be further investigated as a potential source for novel therapeutic options in the treatment of drug resistant bacterial infections.

Salt-marsh foraminifera have been instrumental in the production of quantitative high-resolution Holocene relative sea-level reconstructions using both traditional and Bayesian transfer function approaches. To produce the most accurate and precise elevation estimates using a transfer function, the influence of the particular input data must be understood. Here, we used a foraminifera dataset from New Jersey to examine how count size and rare species affect elevation estimates generated by a Bayesian transfer function. We found that increasing count size can reduce elevation estimate uncertainties, but increasing or decreasing total counts does not have a consistent influence on the estimates themselves. Further, the inclusion or exclusion of rare species do not have consistent trends; however, the results vary by location, highlighting the significance of unique foraminiferal assemblages. Finally, we found that count sizes of 60–80 tests minimizes elevation estimate uncertainties and any greater counts will not contribute to further reduced uncertainties.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), a common cause of healthcare-associated infections, are caused by a diverse array of pathogens that are increasingly becoming antibiotic resistant. We analyze the microbial occurrences in catheter and urine samples from 55 human long-term catheterized patients collected over one year. Although most of these patients were prescribed antibiotics over several collection periods, their catheter samples remain colonized by one or more bacterial species. Examination of a total of 366 catheter and urine samples identify 13 positive and 13 negative genus co-occurrences over 12 collection periods, representing associations that occur more or less frequently than expected by chance. We find that for many patients, the microbial species composition between collection periods is similar. In a subset of patients, we find that the most frequently sampled bacteria, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis , co-localize on catheter samples. Further, co-culture of paired isolates recovered from the same patients reveals that E. coli significantly augments E. faecalis growth in an artificial urine medium, where E. faecalis monoculture grows poorly. These findings suggest novel strategies to collapse polymicrobial CAUTI in long-term catheterized patients by targeting mechanisms that promote positive co-associations.

Vertical land motion (VLM) is an important component in relative sea-level (RSL) projections, especially at regional to local scales and over the short to medium term. However, VLM is difficult to derive because of a lack of long-term instrumental records (e.g., GPS, tide gauge). Geological data offer an alternative, revealing RSL histories over thousands of years that can be compared with glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models to isolate VLM.Here, we present a case study from the Oka estuary, northern Spain. We apply two GIA models for the Atlantic coast of Europe with different ice model inputs (ICE-6G_C and ANU-ICE) but the same 3D Earth model. Both models fit well with the late Holocene RSL data along the Atlantic coast of Europe, with misfit statistics < 1.5, except the Oka estuary region, where both models show notable misfits with misfit statistics > 4.5. The significant misfits of both models in the Oka estuary region are indicative of local subsidence. The nearby GPS (station SOPU) with 15 years records shows a VLM rate of -0.96 ± 0.57 mm/yr (subsiding) compared to -0.15 ± 0.40 mm/yr to -2.48 ± 0.37 mm/yr elsewhere along the Atlantic coast of Europe. The VLM rate of SOPU accounts for the misfit between the GIA models and late Holocene RSL data, which decreases by ~90% from > 4.5 to ~0.5 after the subsidence correction of the late Holocene RSL data. The VLM rate incorporated in IPCC AR6 projections in Oka estuary is ~0.18 mm/yr (uplifting), which is contradictory in direction. Therefore, the projected sea-level rise rate is underestimated by 19 - 25% by 2030, 14 - 20% by 2050 and 9 - 26% by 2100 under the five Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5). Our study indicates the importance of considering local/regional VLM component in sea-level projections.

Ooids (calcium carbonate coated grains) are common in carbonate environments throughout geologic time, but the mechanism by which they form remains unclear. In particular, the rate of ooid growth remains elusive in all but a few modern marine environments. In order to investigate the rate of ooid growth in a non-marine setting, we used 14C to date ooids from Great Salt Lake, Utah, a well-known site of aragonitic ooids. Bulk ooids obtained from the northern shore of Antelope Island and the northeast shore of Great Salt Lake near Spiral Jetty were sieved into different size fractions and produced mean ages ranging between 2728±15 and 4373±20 14C yr BP. Larger ooids were older than smaller ooids, implying that larger ooids grew in the environment for a longer duration, with the caveat that bulk age dating integrates the growth history of an ooid. To better resolve growth history, ooids from the coarse fraction were sequentially dissolved, and 14C ages were obtained for each dissolution step to create a time series of ooid growth. The results of the sequential dating indicate that the coarse Great Salt Lake ooid growth began between 5800-6600 ± 60 14C yr BP while their outer cortices are nearly modern. Sequentially dated ooids from the South Arm of Great Salt Lake at Antelope Island record a nearly linear growth history (~ 10-15 µm/kyr), whereas ooids from Spiral Jetty record somewhat faster growth between ~6000 and 4000 years ago (0.03 – 0.06 µm/yr) followed by a 10x slower growth history for the remainder of their lifespan (0.003 – 0.008 µm/yr). The lifespan of Great Salt Lake aragonitic ooids is two to six times longer than those from modern marine environments, and thus provides a unique end member for understanding the mechanisms behind ooid formation. The ooid age range indicates that geochemical parameters measured from bulk ooid dissolution integrates over ~6000 years and thus does not represent a geochemical snapshot in time, as some previous studies have suggested.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical in maintaining tissue homeostasis, and during infection and inflammation. Here we identify, by using combinatorial reporter mice, a rare ILC progenitor (ILCP) population, resident to the small intestinal lamina propria (siLP) in adult mice. Transfer of siLP-ILCP into recipients generates group 1 ILCs (including ILC1 and NK cells), ILC2s and ILC3s within the intestinal microenvironment, but almost exclusively group 1 ILCs in the liver, lung and spleen. Single cell gene expression analysis and high dimensional spectral cytometry analysis of the siLP-ILCPs and ILC progeny indicate that the phenotype of the group 1 ILC progeny is also influenced by the tissue microenvironment. Thus, a local pool of siLP-ILCP can contribute to pan-ILC generation in the intestinal microenvironment but has more restricted potential in other tissues, with a greater propensity than bone marrow-derived ILCPs to favour ILC1 and ILC3 production. Therefore, ILCP potential is influenced by both tissue of origin and the microenvironment during development. This may provide additional flexibility during the tuning of immune reactions. The small intestinal lamina propria is rich in innate lymphoid cells, which are important contributors of mucosal immunity. Here authors identify a small progenitor cell population that can develop into all types of innate lymphoid cells in their intestinal microenvironment but their developmental potential becomes more restricted when placed into other tissues, such as liver, lung or spleen.

Stratigraphic data from salt marshes provide accurate reconstructions of Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) change and necessary constraints to models of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), which is the dominant cause of Late-Holocene RSL rise along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast. Here, we produce a new Mid- to Late-Holocene RSL record from a salt marsh bordering Great Bay in southern New Jersey using basal peats. We use a multi-proxy approach (foraminifera and geochemistry) to identify the indicative meaning of the basal peats and produce sea-level index points (SLIPs) that include a vertical uncertainty for tidal range change and sediment compaction and a temporal uncertainty based on high precision Accelerator Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon dating of salt-marsh plant macrofossils. The 14 basal SLIPs range from 1211 ± 56 years BP to 4414 ± 112 years BP, which we combine with published RSL data from southern New Jersey and use with a spatiotemporal statistical model to show that RSL rose 8.6 m at an average rate of 1.7 ± 0.1 mm/year (1σ) from 5000 years BP to present. We compare the RSL changes with an ensemble of 1D (laterally homogenous) and site-specific 3D (laterally heterogeneous) GIA models, which tend to overestimate the magnitude of RSL rise over the last 5000 years. The continued discrepancy between RSL data and GIA models highlights the importance of using a wide array of ice model and viscosity model parameters to more precisely fit site-specific RSL data along the U.S. mid-Atlantic coast.

While Staphylococcus aureus has historically not been considered a uropathogen, S. aureus urinary tract infection (UTI) is clinically significant in certain patient populations, including those with chronic indwelling urinary catheters. Moreover, most S. aureus strains causing catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) are methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).

Coastal populations are susceptible to relative sea-level (RSL) rise and accurate projections are necessary for coastal adaptation. Local RSL rise may deviate from the global mean sea-level rise because of vertical land motion (VLM) but this is often inadequately estimated. Here, we estimated the VLM for the Oka estuary, northern Spain and compared it to the VLM component of sea-level projections in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) and the Spanish National Climate Change Adaptation Plan (NCCAP). To estimate VLM, we updated the late Holocene RSL data from the Atlantic coast of Europe and compared it with two 3D glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models. Both models fit well with RSL data except in the Oka estuary. We derived a VLM rate of -0.96 mm/yr for the Oka estuary using the residuals of GIA misfits and further validated this rate with nearby Global Navigation Satellite Systems, satellite altimetry and tide gauge data. Incorporating the updated estimate of VLM in IPCC AR6 RSL projections under a moderate emissions scenario increased the rate of RSL rise by 14.4% by 2030, 10.6% by 2050, and 9.9% by 2150 compared to the original IPCC AR6 projections, and also increased the magnitude of RSL rise by ~ 60% by 2035 and 2090 compared with projections from the Spanish NCCAP. Our study demonstrates the potential and capability of late Holocene RSL data to constrain the VLM component of sea-level projections.

Bacterial infection is the most common complication following staged post-mastectomy breast reconstruction initiated with a tissue expander (TE). To limit bacterial infection, antibiotic irrigation of the surgical site is commonly performed despite little high-quality data to support this practice. We performed a prospective randomized control trial to compare the impact of saline irrigation alone to a triple antibiotic irrigation regimen (1 g cefazolin, 80 mg gentamicin, and 50,000 units of bacitracin in 500 mL of saline) for breast implant surgery. The microbiome in breasts with cancer (n = 16) was compared to those without (n = 16), as all patients (n = 16) had unilateral cancers but bilateral mastectomies (n = 32). Biologic and prosthetic specimens procured both at the time of mastectomy and during TE removal months later were analyzed for longitudinal comparison. Outcomes included clinical infection, bacterial abundance, and relative microbiome composition. No patient in either group suffered a reconstructive failure or developed an infection. Triple antibiotic irrigation administered at the time of immediate TE reconstruction did not reduce bacterial abundance or impact microbial diversity relative to saline irrigation at the time of planned exchange. Implanted prosthetic material adopted the microbial composition of the surrounding host tissue. In cancer-naïve breasts, relative to saline, antibiotic irrigation increased bacterial abundance on periprosthetic capsules (P = 0.03) and acellular dermal matrices (P = 0.04) and altered the microbiota on both. These data show that, relative to saline only, the use of triple antibiotic irrigation in TE breast reconstruction does impact the bacterial abundance and diversity of certain biomaterials from cancer-naïve breasts.IMPORTANCEThe lifetime risk of breast cancer is ~13% in women and is treated with a mastectomy in ~50% of cases. The majority are reconstructed, usually starting with a tissue expander to help restore the volume for a subsequent permanent breast implant or the women’s own tissues. The biopsychosocial benefits of breast reconstruction, though, can be tempered by a high complication rate of at least 7% but over 30% in some women. Bacterial infection is the most common complication, and can lead to treatment delays, patient physical and emotional distress and escalating health care cost. To limit this risk, plastic surgeons have tried a variety of strategies to limit bacterial infection including irrigating the pocket created after removing the breast implant with antibiotic solutions, but good-quality data are scarce. Herein, we study the value of antibiotics in pocket irrigation using a robust randomized clinical trial design and molecular microbiology approaches.

Geological reconstructions of relative sea-level change have been greatly enhanced by continuous high-resolution records with the use of salt-marsh foraminifera due to their relation-ship with tidal level in modern environments and subsequent preservation of tests in sediments. A detailed understanding of how live foraminifera assemblages compare to dead or total (live + dead) assemblages and the influence of environmental variables on foraminiferal distributions is essential for their use as a proxy to reconstruct sea level. Here, we evaluated small-scale spatial and temporal (seasonal and interannual) variability of live foraminifera assemblages from four high marsh monitoring stations along a salinity gradient in south-ern New Jersey over three years. In addition, we measured porewater and sedimentary variables and stable carbon iso-topes during each sampling period every three months. In the 184 samples, we identified 11 live agglutinated foraminifera species and four distinct clusters of live foraminifera that correspond to the stations from which they were sampled and to the dead and total assemblages. We found no clear correlation over time between variability in live assemblages and measured environmental variables; however, elevation was the primary controlling factor influencing foraminiferal distributions, with secondary influences from salinity and substrate. The consistency of foraminiferal assemblages on spatial and temporal scales and among live, dead, and total assemblages further reinforces the value of salt-marsh foraminifera as reliable sea -level indicators.

Overwash deposits from tropical cyclone-induced storm surges are commonly used as modern analogues for paleo-storm studies. However, the evolution of these deposits between their time of deposition and their incorporation into the geologic record is poorly understood. To understand how the characteristics of an overwash deposit can change over time, we analyzed overwash deposits from four mangrove islands in southern Florida two to three months and twenty-two months after Hurricane Irma's landfall in the region on 10 September 2017. We analyzed the stratigraphy, mean grain size, organic and carbonate contents, stable carbon isotopic signatures, and microfossil (foraminifera and diatom) assemblages of pre-Irma and Irma overwash sediments. Hurricane Irma's storm surge deposited light gray carbonate muds and sands up to 11 cm thick over red organic-rich mangrove peats throughout mangrove islands in southern Florida. Stratigraphy, grain size, losson-ignition, and foraminifera analyses provided the strongest evidence for differentiating Irma's overwash deposit from underlying mangrove peats and, if preserved, are expected to identify Hurricane Irma's overwash event within the geologic record. Mean grain size showed the overwash deposit (5.0 & PLUSMN; 0.8 ɸ) was coarser than underlying mangrove peats (6.7 & PLUSMN; 0.7 ɸ), and loss-on-ignition showed the overwash deposit had a lower organic content (19.8 & PLUSMN; 9.1%) and a higher carbonate content (67.8 & PLUSMN; 20.7%) than the underlying peats (59.4 & PLUSMN; 14.6% and 33.7 & PLUSMN; 11.0%, respectively). The overwash deposit was dominated by a diverse, abundant assemblage of sub-tidal benthic calcareous foraminifera compared to a uniform, sparse assemblage of agglutinated foraminifera in the pre-Irma mangrove peats. Geochemical indicators were not able to provide evidence of an overwash event by differentiating organic & delta;13C or C/N of the overwash deposit from those of the mangrove peats. The complex relationship between diatoms and local environmental factors prevented diatom assemblages from providing a statistically clear distinction between Irma's overwash sediments and underlying mangrove peats. By visiting Hurricane Irma's overwash deposit immediately following landfall and nearly two years post-storm, we were able to document how the overwash deposit's characteristics changed over time. Continued monitoring on the scale of five to ten years would provide further insights into the preservation of overwash deposits for paleostorm studies.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand how bacteria negatively impact aesthetic and reconstructive breast implants. 2. Understand how bacteria infect breast implants. 3. Understand the evidence associated with common implant infection-prevention strategies, and their limitations. 4. Understand why implementation of bacteria-mitigation strategies such as antibiotic administration or "no-touch" techniques may not indefinitely prevent breast implant infection. SUMMARY:Bacterial infection of aesthetic and reconstructive breast implants is a common and expensive problem. Subacute infections or chronic capsular contractures leading to device explantation are the most commonly documented sequelae. Although bench and translational research underscores the complexities of implant-associated infection, high-quality studies with adequate power, control groups, and duration of follow-up are lacking. Common strategies to minimize infections use antibiotics-administered systemically, in the breast implant pocket, or by directly bathing the implant before insertion-to limit bacterial contamination. Limiting contact between the implant and skin or breast parenchyma represents an additional common strategy. The clinical prevention of breast implant infection is challenged by the clean-contaminated nature of breast parenchyma, and the variable behavior of not only specific bacterial species but also their strains. These factors impact bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance.

The incidence of breast implant associated infections (BIAIs) following reconstructive surgery postmastectomy remains high, despite the use of prophylactic antibiotic strategies. Thus, surgeons have begun using additional antibiotic-based prevention strategies, including triple antibiotic pocket irrigants (TAPIs).

The development of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) transcription factor reporter mice has shown a previously unexpected complexity in ILC hematopoiesis. Using novel polychromic mice to achieve higher phenotypic resolution, we have characterized bone marrow progenitors that are committed to the group 1 ILC lineage. These common ILC1/NK cell progenitors (ILC1/NKP), which we call "aceNKPs", are defined as lineage – Id2 + IL-7Rα + CD25 – α4β7 – NKG2A/C/E + Bcl11b – . In vitro, aceNKPs differentiate into group 1 ILCs, including NK-like cells that express Eomes without the requirement for IL-15, and produce IFN-γ and perforin upon IL-15 stimulation. Following reconstitution of Rag2 –/– Il2rg –/– hosts, aceNKPs give rise to a spectrum of mature ILC1/NK cells (regardless of their tissue location) that cannot be clearly segregated into the traditional ILC1 and NK subsets, suggesting that group 1 ILCs constitute a dynamic continuum of ILCs that can develop from a common progenitor. In addition, aceNKP-derived ILC1/NK cells effectively ameliorate tumor burden in a model of lung metastasis, where they acquired a cytotoxic NK cell phenotype. Our results identify the primary ILC1/NK progenitor that lacks ILC2 or ILC3 potential and is strictly committed to ILC1/NK cell production irrespective of tissue homing.

The Canadian Arctic is warming at three times the rate of the rest of the planet and the effects of climate change on the Arctic marine carbon cycle remains unconstrained. Baffin Bay is a semi-enclosed, Arctic basin that connects the Arctic Ocean to the north to the Labrador Sea to the south. While the physical oceanography of surface Baffin Bay is well characterized, less is known about deep water formation mechanisms within the Basin. Only a few residence-time estimates for Baffin Bay Deep Water (BBDW) exist and range from 20 to 1450 years. Better residence time estimates are needed to understand the oceanographic significance of Baffin Bay. Here we report stable carbon (δ 13 C) and radiocarbon (Δ 14 C) values of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) collected aboard the CCGS Amundsen in 2019. DIC δ 13 C and Δ 14 C values between ranged between -0.7‰ to +1.9‰ and -90.0‰ to +29.8‰, respectively. Surface DIC δ 13 C values were between +0.7‰ to +1.9‰, while deep (>100m) values were 0.0 to -0.7‰. Surface DIC Δ 14 C values ranged between -5.4‰ to +22.9‰, while deep DIC (>1400m) DIC Δ 14 C averaged -82.2 ± 8.5‰ ( n = 9). To constrain natural DIC Δ 14 C values, we quantified the amount of atmospheric “bomb” 14 C in DIC (Δ 14 C bomb ; using the potential alkalinity method; P alk ) and anthropogenic DIC (DIC anth ; using the ΔC * method). Both proxies indicate an absence of Δ 14 C bomb and DIC anth below 1000m. Using two previously proposed deep water formation mechanisms and our corrected DIC Δ 14 C natural values, we estimated a 14 C-based residence time of 360-690 years for BBDW. Based on these residence times, we infer carbon is likely stored for centuries in deep Baffin Bay.