Cellular silicone foams are renowned for their exceptional flexibility, ultra-elasticity, and durability, which have gained significant attentions in diverse applications. However, manufacturing porous silicone foams featuring substantial bending curvatures and customized mechanical properties remain a challenge. Herein, this work presents a new strategy for manufacturing curved porous silicone foams with both 4D printed bending curvature and tailored meta-mechanical properties. The foam is achieved by direct ink writing of composite silicone inks embedded with thermal expandable microspheres as foaming agents. The work studied in detail the thermal expansion of microspheres, foaming of composite silicone inks, as well as properties of the expanded foam. Utilizing the strain mismatch under thermal stimuli, the printed bilayer structures achieved shape-shifting. Additionally, silicones composed of stacked bilayer filaments exhibited negative stiffness properties under compression, leading to enhanced energy absorption capacity, which can be fine-tuned through different printing structural designs, demonstrating its potential in fields such as energy dissipation and shock absorption while protecting objects with curved shapes.

The dyeing properties of the iterative polyester (an upgraded version of polyester) and ordinary polyester dyed with disperse dyes were compared. The effects of the amount of carrier CWP-N, dyeing time, dyeing temperature and dye concentration on dye uptake and color depth K/S values of the iterative polyester fabric and the ordinary polyester were investigated. At the same time, the washing and rubbing fastness and the color coordinates of the iterative polyester fabric and the ordinary polyester fabric dyed with different kinds of disperse dyes were compared. The results show that the dyeing properties of iterative polyester are improved significantly compared with ordinary polyester. The dyeing rate of iterative polyester is obviously higher than that of ordinary polyester. The dyeing transition temperature of iterative polyester is lower than that of ordinary polyester. The dye uptake of iterative polyester without carrier dyed at 98 degrees C for 60 min is higher than 95%, while that of ordinary polyester with carrier dyed under the same conditions is lower than 87%. In addition, iterative polyester has higher shade build up power, better color fastness to washing and rubbing, and better dyeing uniformity than ordinary polyester.

In this work, epoxy resin (EP)-based aqueous polyurethane (PU) anionic PU dispersion was synthesized by the prepolymer and self-emulsification method. The PU prepolymer was first synthesized to serve as seeds. Then, trimethylolpropane and A-type EP (E-51) were introduced into it, followed by neutralization and emulsification reactions, and, finally, it formed a crosslinking network structural waterborne PU emulsion. The effect of epoxy contents on the particle size, rheological properties, storage stability, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and hydrophilicity of the resulting PU films was systematically investigated. The results showed that the PU dispersions displayed excellent storage stability and crosslinking density, and the glass transition temperature of the composite films was increased. The properties of self-made epoxy-modified polyurethane emulsion and polyester-cotton fabric before and after finishing were tested. The wrinkle resistance, hydrophobicity, and strength of the finished polyester/cotton fabric are improved, and it exhibits better color fastness to washing and rubbing.

水性聚氨酯(WPU)是一种优异的绿色环保型高分子材料,广泛用于纺织材料、合成工业、建筑建造、生物医疗等领域,如纺织品涂层整理剂、水性木器涂料、皮革涂饰剂、固色剂、胶黏剂、沥青等,受广泛重视.目前WPU改性已成为多领域研究热点,是毒性溶剂型聚氨酯材料有前途的替代品之一.文章综述环氧树脂(EP)对WPU单组分改性和辅以其他适应性基材复合改性研究进展,并展望未来水性聚氨酯发展趋势.

In recent years, conductive polymer composites have been widely studied for their electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding effects due to their advantages of light weight, simple preparation methods, and structural design versatility. In this study, oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes/waterborne polyurethane composites (OCNT/WPU) were prepared by grafting oxidized carbon nanotubes onto polyurethane molecular chains through in situ polymerization, using environmentally friendly waterborne polyurethane as the polymer matrix. Then, the OCNT/WPU structure was broken by high shear force, and the loading of CNTs was increased by adsorption, and a new composite structure was designed (denoted by OCWPU). The structure and morphology of OCNT/WPU and OCWPU were characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The structure and morphology of OCWPU with different multi-walled carbon nanotube loadings (CNTs/OCWPU) were characterized by SEM, Raman. Finally, the electrical conductivity and the electromagnetic shielding properties of the composites were investigated. It was found that after application of high shear force, the structure of OCWPU was disrupted and the surface activity of the material increased. With the increase in CNTs content, CNTs formed a rosette structure in the polyurethane matrix and covered the surface, and its electromagnetic shielding effect in X-bond (8.2–12.4 Ghz) would be able to reach 23 dB at 5% CNTs/OCWPU and 66.5 dB at 50% CNTs/OCWPU to meet the commercial needs. With 50% CNTs/OCWPU, an electrical conductivity of 5.1 S/cm could be achieved. This work provides a novel idea for the structural design of conductive polymer composites, which can achieve greater performance with the same carbon nanotube content.

Despite the significant progress made in polymer/graphene nanocomposites, the development of high-performance polymer/graphene nanocomposites, combined with excellent mechanical and electromagnetic shielding properties, remains a priority and a challenge. The lanthanum doping large-size graphene oxide (La-LsG) was obtained via static oxidation and thermal treatment. The effects of static oxidation and lanthanum doping on the property and morphologies of graphene and composites were investigated. The physicochemical property of considerable graphene oxide (GO), large-size graphene oxide (LsGO), lanthanum-doped graphene oxide (La-GO), La-LsG was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray energy spectroscopy (EDS). SEM and EDS characterized the microstructure of the composite material, and the mechanical properties and electromagnetic shielding performance of the composite material were studied. La-GO and La-LsG exhibited good dispersion and structural integrity, as well as enhancing the strength of the composites. The La-LsG/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites exhibited excellent mechanical properties (is ca. 73.6 MPa) and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (is ca. 28 dB) in X-band frequencies (8.2–12.4 GHz), which may be assumed to be a promising integrated material of structure and function.

Aramid fabric was plasticized and modified with combination of carrier CWP-N and cationic gelatin protein auxiliary. The dyeing property of the treated aramid fabric dyed with reactive dyes was evaluated. And the modification mechanism of aramid fabric and its reactive dyeing mechanism were analyzed. Then, the structures of the treated aramid fabric were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), surface friction properties and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. In addition, the glass transition temperature and the thermal properties of the treated aramid fabric were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The results showed that the dyeing properties of the treated aramid fabric to reactive dyes were improved highly. Compared with the untreated aramid fabric, the dye uptake of the treated aramid fabric increased by more than 2.7 times, the color depth (K/S value) after soaping increased by more than 8 times, and the dye total fixation rate increased by more than 3.2 times. The chemical structure and surface morphology of the treated aramid fabric were changed significantly. And the glass transition temperature of the treated aramid fabric was reduced. The main reason for the significant improvement of reactive dyeing properties of the treated aramid fabric was the change of its structure. However, the crystallinity of the treated aramid fabric was almost unchanged. And the thermal stability of the treated aramid fabric was reduced.

The uniform dispersion of oxidized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (OCNT) in waterborne polyurethane (WPU) matrix was achieved by in-situ polymerization, endowing the OCNT/WPU composite film with enhanced tensile strength, thermal stability, and excellent elongation at break. The structure of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) and OCNT was characterized by TEM, XRD, XPS, and the structure and morphology of composites were characterized by particle size analysis, SEM and FT-IR. Compared with pure WPU and OCNT/WPU composite, the breaking strength and the thermal degradation temperatures of 20 % weight loss of the OCNT/WPU com-posite were increased by 175 % and 353 degrees C, respectively. The oxygen-containing functional groups effectively improved the surface active of OCNT, making it easier for OCNT to react with polyurethane prepolymers. After addition of only 1 % OCNT, the tensile strength approaches 77 MPa while the elongation at break remains at 277 %. In addition to having outstanding chemical and mechanical properties, OCNT have a better dispersibility rate than multiwalled carbon nanotubes, which means that they will have a broader application range.

近年来废旧纺织品数量急剧增长,其中以涤纶和棉为原料的纺织品数量居多,而废旧纺织品的组分构成复杂,根据纺织品用途不同,加工过程中添加的各种染料、颜料和助剂等给回收处理带来一定困难.针对废旧纺织品如何回收处理再利用,文章主要综述以涤纶和棉为原料的废旧纺织品的组分分离以及脱色处理的研究进展.详细阐述水热法、醇解法、离子液体法等分离纺织品的方法及最新研究进展;介绍不同组分构成纺织品的脱色工艺;并展望废旧纺织品回收利用的发展趋势.

采用混合酸对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行处理,得到具有反应性基团的功能化多壁碳纳米管(O-MW-CNTs);以聚乙二醇(PEG1000)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为主要原料反应生成聚氨酯(PU)预聚体,然后通过原位复合法制备了PU/MWCNTs、PU/O-MWCNTs复合乳液;通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)及红外光谱仪(FTIR)等仪器表征分析了MWCNTs和O-MWCNTs的微观结构、表面形貌和分散性能,并通过FTIR对PU、MWCNTs/PU、PU/O-MWCNTs进行了结构特征分析.结果表明,混合酸处理使MWCNTs侧壁引入了约自身质量10.2％的含氧官能团,极大地提高了MWCNTs在PU基体中的分散性;O-MW-CNTs在PU预聚体形成之后加入时,会与PU链嵌段或者接枝,更利于分散;PU/O-MWCNTs复合乳液外观细腻呈黑灰色,静置36 h后O-MWCNTs仍呈现良好的分散性.

水性聚氨酯(WPU)是一类安全环保的高分子材料,具有环境友好性和多种基材适应性,应用广泛,但其耐候性、耐水性和机械性能欠佳.文章综述近年来WPU改性方式和性能优化的研究进展,包括交联改性、丙烯酸酯改性、有机硅改性、有机氟改性、环氧树脂改性、纳米材料改性、生物质改性和复合改性多种改性方式.同时结合当前国内外WPU的研究技术水平,提出WPU未来长期的主要研究方向应当向绿色环保、低能耗、性能优异、功能多样、价格亲民、高科技含量的趋势发展.

采用超临界二氧化碳染色装置,使用分散红73、分散黄114和分散蓝56染料对芳纶1313纱线进行染色,研究不同工艺条件(染色温度、染色压力、染色时间及载体)对上染率的影响,获得优化染色工艺.结果表明,上染率随着染色温度、染色压力的升高而增大;载体的使用对上染率的影响更为显著,使用载体染色时,在150℃、45 MPa的超临界条件下染色40 min可以达到满意的染色深度和染色牢度.

为了解决市场上现用除油剂含磷、泡沫较多和原料含有难以生物降解的化学成分等问题,以生物降解性好、无磷表面活性剂及添加剂为原料,研发出一种低泡无磷除油剂WXP-200,配方:JLD-0550.4％、JLD-0621.6％、JLD-0218.0％、JL-120010.0％.探究氢氧化钠用量、处理温度、处理时间对除油剂除油效果的影响,并与市场上现用除油剂MJ-208B进行对比.结果表明:WXP-200的除油效果优于MJ-208B,经WXP-200处理的织物白度提高了36％,沉降时间缩短了近44％;WXP-200具有起泡性小、耐碱渗透性较好、乳化性能较优的特点;WXP-200的泡沫高度约为MJ-208B的50％,在40 g/L氢氧化钠碱性溶液中,润湿时间仅为MJ-208B的17％,油水分离时间约为MJ-208B的2.4倍.

介绍石墨烯的制备方法,包括机械剥离法、化学气相沉积法、外延生长法、氧化还原法及其他方法.阐述石墨烯复合材料的研究进展,包括石墨烯与金属的复合材料、石墨烯与金属氧化物的复合材料、石墨烯与无机物的复合材料、石墨烯与聚合物的复合材料等.介绍石墨烯纳米复合材料的应用,如在紫外线防护织物、抗菌剂、可穿戴设备、电磁屏蔽领域中的应用,并对新兴研究应用领域进行展望.

应用涤纶热熔染色机理,通过染色工作液各组分的筛选与优化,对工艺的优化,开发涤纶经编人造革基布长车免水洗连续染色工艺,并进行生产实践,对比传统染色工艺和新染色工艺的节能减排效果.结果 表明,与传统染色相比,新染色工艺降低生产成本、提高生产效率,节水率98.4％、电汽综合成本低于传统染色工艺,且无废水排出,经计算,1.00 t布节约总成本为500.58元,年总节约成本为163.02万元,显著降低生产成本;且达到与传统染色相同的染色性能指标,实现大规模工业化生产.

通过熔融共混法制备了Sn/Cu/PA6复合材料,在不同的Sn、Cu体积比(VSn/VCu)下研究了金属总含量(?)对复合材料结构和性能的影响.结果表明,在VSn/VCu较高时,金属总含量的增加使金属相形态逐渐由孤立的"岛"状向物理连续的网络转变;同时,增加金属总含量导致复合材料导电性能、冲击韧性的提升,这与基体内物理连续金属网络的形成有关.与Cu/PA6复合材料相比,Sn/Cu/PA6复合材料的逾渗阈值更低.导电网络物理连续程度更高的Sn/Cu/PA6复合材料的电阻率具有更高的温度稳定性.

ABSTRACT Conductive polymer composites of low melting point metal/ high melting point metal/polymer were prepared by melt mixing and investigated the effects of Sn‐to‐Cu content ratio on the microstructure and properties of Sn/Cu/PA6 ternary composites with a metal content of 53.3 vol %. The results show that Sn reacts with Cu to form intermetallic compounds during melting processing. When V Sn / V Cu is less than 1.5, the metal phase is a solid. However, if V Sn / V Cu is higher than 1.5, the metal phase is a suspension. As V Sn / V Cu increases, the morphology of metal phase changes from “islands” to physically continuous networks, and the Volume resistivity, impact strength and complex viscosity of the composites can reach 1.11 × 10 −4 Ω cm, 3.8 kJ/m 2 and 2.4 × 10 3 Pa s, respectively. Moreover, the resistivity of the composites with physically continuous networks is almost independent of temperature. The combination of low and high melt point metals can be considered as a useful strategy to prepare conductive polymer composites with high performance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137 , 48820.

采用泡沫整理技术开发单面防水单面亲水面料,采用正面喷防水剂,反面喷亲水性助剂,使贴身面透湿透气亲肤,正面具有一定的防水效果.经过对防水剂和亲水剂的筛选,泡沫整理工艺的优化,得出最佳工艺为防水剂TK-420用量为100g/L,亲水性助剂TS-01用量为30g/L,泡比为8,施泡机速8 m/min,起泡剂TD-01用量为20g/L,单面喷液量均为40％.按照国标Spray Tester测试,亲水面吸水<5s,防水面防水达5级;洗20次后,防水面防水达4级.

涤棉混纺织物传统两浴两步法染色工艺存在染色时间长、耗水量大、污染严重等问题.文中采用短流程煮练染涤一浴工艺然后套染棉纤维,通过筛选耐碱分散染料,优化工艺条件,对比传统两浴两步染色工艺和短流程处理工艺的染色效果.结果表明,最优短流程煮练染涤一浴工艺条件为:前处理助剂Y-10用量1.00 g/L,H2O2用量2.00～2.50 g/L,NaOH碱液用量3.00～4.00 g/L,染色温度为135℃,保温时间30min;短流程处理工艺可缩短染色时间为80 min,节省2缸水,颜色重现性好,提高生产效率,具有节能减排的经济效益.

In this work, nanocellular silicone rubber foams were first prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide. The cellular morphologies and mechanical properties of the microcellular and nanocellular silicone rubber foams are presented. The cell size and cell density of the microcellular silicone rubber foams can reach 1–4 μm and 10 11 cells/cm 3 , respectively. The nanocellular silicone rubber foams have an upper limit diameter of 59 nm, and the density of the nanocellular silicone rubber foams is on the order of 10 14 cells/cm 3 , which is several orders of magnitude greater than that of the typical microcellular silicone rubber foams. The stretching-induced cavitation can play an important role in the formation of the nanocellular structure on cell walls. The effect of the cellular structure on the mechanical properties is investigated. As a result, the nanocellular structure causes an early breakdown, resulting in a decrease in the tensile strength. Furthermore, when the open-cell content (OCC) increases, the compressive curves change from having three regions to two regions, indicating that the compression plateau disappears when the OCC is greater than 0.45.