目的 分析深圳市某木业加工企业生产性噪声对接触噪声作业人员健康状况的影响,以期为制定木工企业噪声危害防控策略提供依据.方法 选取2016年1月—2019年12月供职于深圳市某木业加工企业的接触噪声作业人员113例为研究对象,设为观察组.以该企业无噪声环境工作人员45例作为对照,设为对照组.两组人员均接受职业健康检查,比较两组神经衰弱综合征、高血压、心电图异常发生情况和听力检测结果,分析噪声对木工企业作业人员健康状况的影响.结果 观察组神经衰弱综合征、高血压患病率和心电图异常率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),接触噪声声压级越高神经衰弱综合征、高血压患病率和心电图异常率也随之上升.观察组听力分级正常检出率低于对照组(P<0.05),轻度高频听力损失检出率高于对照组(P<0.05).观察组中工龄≥10年组听力损失检出率高于其他工龄组.结论 该木业加工企业存在较严重的噪声危害,接触噪声作业人员神经衰弱综合征、高血压、心电图异常发生风险高,且噪声性听力损失较严重,应加强噪声监测,进行重点防护,减少噪声对木工企业作业人员职业健康的影响.

目的 分析某航空企业员工职业健康检查结果.方法 对2018年3月-2020年5月接受健康检查的152例某航空企业员工进行分析,检查内容包括血常规、血压、尿常规、心电图以及纯音测听等,对体检结果进行统计学分析.结果 年龄25～31岁员工血常规、尿常规、血压以及纯音测听异常检出率低于年龄35～54岁员工;工龄3～14年员工血常规、尿常规、血压以及纯音测听异常检出率低于工龄15～20年员工;女性员工血常规异常、尿常规异常,心电图异常检测率明显高于男性,男性血压、纯音测听异常检出率明显高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对航空企业员工进行健康检查可以充了解员工的健康状况,从而采取保障员工身体健康措施,并提高其工作效率.同时,健康检查有助于了解航空企业员工职业性损伤状况,满足员工心理需求,在一定程度上减少员工职业性疾病的发生,提高员工自我保护意识.

Objective To evaluate the toxic effect of lead acetate on the reproductive system of mature male mice.Methods One hundred and twenty healthy Kunming mice aged 8 months were randomly divided into one control group and three experimental groups.Thirty mice in each group were treated with lead acetate solution(10 ml/kg) through gavage at the dose of 0,500,1 000 and 2 000 mg/kg once a day for 14 consecutive days.The mice were sacrificed on day 15 for the measurement of the sperm count in epididymides,the activity of enzymes of testis,and concentration of related hormone in testis and serum.Results The sperm counts of epididymides in 1 000 and 2 000 mg/kg groups were both decreased significantly compared with the control group(P<0.01).With the lead acetate dose increasing,a downtrend in sperm counts was observed.There were no statistical significances in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and Ca-Mg-ATPase in testis between the experiment and the control groups(P>0.05).The activities of acid phosphatase(ACP),Na-K-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase(AKP) of testis in 1 000 and 2 000 mg/kg groups were all decreased significantly compared with the control group.The activities of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH) and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) of testis in 2 000 mg/kg group were both decreased significantly compared with the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).With the lead acetate administration dose increasing,a downtrend in the activities of ACP,AKP,SDH,Na-K-ATPase was observed.The concentrations of testosterone of serum in all three experiment groups were significantly decreased compared with the control group(P<0.01),and the concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) of serum were significantly increased(P<0.01).The concentrations of testosterone of testis in 1 000 and 2 000 mg/kg groups were both significantly decreased compared with the control group(P<0.01),and the concentrations of luteinizing hormone(LH) of serum were significantly increased(P<0.01).With the lead acetate dose increasing,a downtrend in the concentrations of testosterone in serum and testis,and uptrend in the concentrations of FSH and LH in serum were both observed.Conclusion Under the conditions of the present research,lead exposure can induce toxic effect on testis of mature male mice.

为了规范职业健康监护工作,我国相继出台了<职业健康监护管理办法>和<职业健康监护技术规范>(GBZ188-2007),通过3年实际运行,职业健康监护工作体系不断得到完善并取得一定成效.现结合实际初步探讨职业健康监护工作中存在的问题并提出几点建议.

Objective To evaluate the toxic action on testis and epididymides of mature male KM mice by isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) and the related mechanism.Methods One hundred and twenty 8-month-old healthy KM mice in total were intraperitoneally injected with IPDI maize oil solution at the dose of 0,50,100,200 mg/kg in a normal control group and 3 experiment groups respectively once everyday for 14 days.Each group included 30 randomly selected mice and injection dose was 12.5 ml/kg.bw for each mouse.The male mice were killed on day 15 for the measurement of the viscera coefficient of testis and epididymides,the sperm count in epididymides,the activities of enzymes of testis(ACP,AKP,LDH,SDH,NOS,Ca-Mg-ATPase,Na-K-ATPase),and concentration of related hormone in testis and blood serum(LH,FSH,T).Results There were no significant differences in body weight,epididymides weight and its viscera coefficient between 3 experiment groups and the control group(P 0.05).Compared with the control group,the weight and viscera coefficient of testis in high dosage group,the sperm counts of epididymides in medium and high dosage experiment groups were all decreased significantly(P0.05 or P0.01).There were no statistical significances in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and Na-K-ATPase in testis between the experiment groups and the control group(P0.05).The activities of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH) and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) of testis in high dosage group,the activities of acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase(AKP) and Ca-Mg-ATPase of testis in medium and high doseage groups were all decreased significantly compared with the control group(P0.05 or P0.01).Compared with the control group,the concentrations of testosterone(T) in serum of all 3 experiment groups and the concentrations of testosterone in testis of medium and high dosage groups were all significantly decreased(P0.01),while the concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) of serum in all 3 experiment groups and the concentrations of luteinizing hormone(LH) of serum in medium and high dosage groups were all significantly increased(P0.01).Conclusion Under the conditions of this research,IPDI exposure could induced arrenotokous toxic action on testis of mature male KM mice.