Radioactivity levels in tap water,well water and spring water in 29 provinces in China during 1995 to 2009 are reported in this paper.The monitoring results showed that the levels of gross alpha and gross beta were below the standard limits on the whole.Compared with their background values and reference values,the levels of U,Th,226Ra,40K,90Sr and 137Cs all fall in the normal range.

Radioactivity levels in water in 19 well-known lakes and reservoirs in 9 provinces in China during 1995-2009 are presented in this paper.The monitoring results showed that compared with their background values during 1983-1990 the concentrations of natural radionuclide U,Th,226Ra,40K in the lakes and reservoirs surveyed were normal except in a few casess.Gross alpha and gross beta in water of the lakes and reservoirs surveyed were within the standard limit.

The monitoring results of radionuclides in foodstuff,vegetables and fruits in several areas during 1995-2006 are presented in this paper.The result indicated that the specific activities of 238U,232Th,226Ra,40K are all in the normal range.Average specific activity of 90Sr is 0.99,0.03,0.17 Bq/kg(fresh) in pork,mutton and chicken and that of 137Cs is 0.54,0.02,0.03 Bq/kg(fresh);average specific activity of 90Sr is 0.29 in fish and 0.85 Bq/kg(fresh) in shrimp and that of 137Cs is 0.23 and 0.04 Bq/kg;average specific activity of 90Sr is 0.26 Bq/kg(fresh) in scallop,pearl oyster,spiral shell and oyster and 0.04 Bq/kg(fresh) for 137Cs;average specific activity in milk is 0.10 Bq/L for 90Sr and 0.02 Bq/L for 137Cs,respectively.

The monitoring results of radionuclides in foodstuff,vegetables and fruits in several areas are presented during 1995-2006.The result indicated that the specific activities of 238U,232Th,226Ra,40K are all in the normal range.The average specific activity of 90Sr is 0.17,0.33 and 0.36 Bq/kg(fresh) in rice,wheat and corn;0.18.0.10 and 0.17 Bq/kg(fresh) in greengrocery,cabbage and radish;0.05 Bq/kg(fresh) in apple;0.08 Bq/kg(fresh) in oceanic gulfweed and 4.29 Bq/kg(fresh) in pine needle sample,respectively.The average specific activity of 137Cs is 0.24,0.12 and 0.08 Bq/kg(fresh) in rice,wheat and corn;0.02,0.03 and 0.03 Bq/kg(fresh) in greengrocery,cabbage and radish;0.02 Bq/kg(fresh) in apple;0.06 Bq/kg(fresh) in oceanic gulfweed and 0.08 Bq/kg(fresh) in pine needle.Also the radioactivity levels in eggplant,persimmon,hawkthorn,lichee,grazing and tea samples are also reported.

Results of environmental radioactivity monitoring around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (QNPP) are reported in this paper. From 1992 to 2005, concentrations of Sr-90, Cs-137 and H-3 in terrestrial freshwater are (4.4+/-1.7) mBq.L-1, (0.3+/-0.1) mBq.L-1 and (1.6+/-0.5) Bq.L-1, respectively, and (2.8+/-2.4) Bq.L-1 of 3 H in rainwater. Concentrations of Sr-90, Cs-137 and H-3 in the seawater samples collected from sea area nearby QNPP are (5.4+/-4.1) mBq.L-1, (0.7+/-0.2) mBq.L-1 and (1.0+/-0.5) Bq.L-1, respectively. Concentrations of Sr-90, Cs-137 and H-3 in the total waste water discharged from NPP-I are (4.0+/-1.8) m Bq.L-1, (1.0+/-0.5) mBq.L-1 and (2.8+/-2.2) Bq.L-1, respectively, and (1.4+/-0.4) Bq.L-1 of H-3 in seawater sampled from No.1 outlet. Atomspherie H-3 concentration in 1993-2005 at two monitoring sites is (78.9+/-96.3) and (64.2+/-40.2) mBq.m(-3), respectively, with an increasing trend after 2003. Atmospheric C-14 concentrations at the two sites are in the same levels as the background and data of the reference site.

自1992年,浙江省辐射环境监测站对秦山核电基地外围环境辐射水平进行了连续的监督性监测.1992～2005年,秦山核电基地外围环境动物性食物样品中放射性核素的监测结果如下:猪肉中137Cs、90Sr、3H含量分别为0.08、 0.060、 0.7 Bq/kg(鲜重),猪骨为0.05、 0.662、 0.2 Bq/kg(鲜重);羊肉中137Cs、90Sr含量分别为0.03、 0.112 Bq/kg(鲜重),羊骨为0.02、 0.754 Bq/kg(鲜重);牛奶中137Cs、90Sr、3H含量分别为0.019、 0.025、 0.6 Bq/L;奶粉中137Cs含量为0.18 Bq/kg(鲜重);鲻鱼中137Cs、90Sr含量分别为0.05、 0.127 Bq/kg(鲜重),3H含量为1.9 Bq/L;螺蛳中137Cs、90Sr含量分别为0.03、 1.80 Bq/kg(鲜重).与基地运行前本底值和对照点监测值相比,各类动物性食物样品中放射性核素含量均在正常范围内.

Since 1992,Environmental Radiation Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province has been conducting a continued monitoring of environmental radiation around the QNPP Base.This paper introduced the specific activity of radionnuclides in the soil matrix of four different types,i.e.land soil,lake mud,littoral area soil and seabed mud within 20 km of Qinshan NPP Base in 1992～2005.The monitoring results show that the specific activity of 137Cs in land soil,lake mud,littoral area soil and the seabed mud around Qinshan NPP base is 3.4,2.1,2.4 and 1.1 Bq/kg(dry),respectively.The specific activity of 238U in the four solid media samples is 38,32,39 and 25 Bq/kg (dry),respectively.

The monitoring results of gross a and gross beta activity from 2001 to 2005 for environmental airborne aerosol samples around the Qinshan NPP base are presented in this paper. A total of 170 aerosol samples were collected from monitoring sites of Caichenmen village, Qinlian village, Xiajiawan village and Yangliucun village around the Qinshan NPP base. The measured specific activity of gross alpha and gross beta are in the range of 0.02 similar to 0.38 mBq/m(3) and 0.10 similar to 1.81 mBq/m(3), respectively, with an average of 0.11 mBq/m(3) and 0.45 mBq/m(3), respectively. They are lower than the average of 0.15 mBq/m(3) and 0.52 mBq/m(3), of reference site at Hangzhou City. It is indicated that the specific activity of gross alpha and gross beta for environmental aerosol samples around the Qinshan NPP base had not been increased in normal operating conditions of the NPP.

Since 1992, continuous supervisory monitoring of environmental radioactive levels around QNPP base was launched. The monitoring results with respect to both environmental radiation levels and in-media radioactivity levels measured during 1992～2005 are as follows. In normal operation, the γ radiation dose rate around QNPP base was measured to be 96 nGy/h; the specific activity of gross α and β was estimated to be, respectively, 0.11 and 0.45 mBq/m3; in the environmental air, the concentrations of 3H and 14CO2 are respectively 71.6 mBq/m3 and 0.30 Bq/g(carbon); the gross β specific activity in fallout is 0.81 Bq/m2d;the concentrations of gross α,β,90Sr and 137Cs in terrestrial environmental freshwater (drinking water, lake water, well water are respectively 65, 151, 4.4 and 0.3 mBq/L; the 3H concentration in rainfall is 2.8 Bq/L, in normal discharge conditions, the average concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs in sea water near the QNPP base 5.4 and 0.7 mBq/L respectively and 3H is 1.0 Bq/L;the average specific activity of 137Cs in soils, lake mud, intertide zone and seafloor sediment are 3.3, 1.9, 2.4 and 1.1 Bq/kg(dried) respectively; for edible plants, the average specific activity of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H are 0.06, 0.14 and 0.4 Bq/kg in rice, 0.27, 0.04 and 3.1Bq/kg in vegetables (dried), 0.10, 0.03 and 2.5 Bq/kg in dried turnip; as plant sample indicator, 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H are 3.4, 0.49 Bq/kg (dried) and 4.6 Bq/kg (fresh) in tea and 9.8, 0.10 and 7.7 Bq/kg(fresh) in pine needle (fresh); for animal meal sample, the average specific activity of 90Sr and 137Cs in pork is respectively 0.06 and 0.08 Bq/kg(fresh), 0.11 and 0.03 Bq/kg in mutton (fresh), 0.03 and 0.02 Bq/kg in milk (fresh); the average specific activity of 137Cs in milk powder is 0.18 Bq/kg(dried), the average specific activity of 90Sr and 137Cs in mullet is 0.13 and 0.05 Bq/kg (fresh).

Contiuned monitoring of environmental radiation levels was counducted around the QNPP Base since 1992 by Environmental Radiation Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province.During 1992～2004,the contents of ()~(137)Cs,()~(90)Sr,()~3H,as monitored in the environment,were 0.12,0.07,0.44 Bq/kg(dried weigh) for rice;(0.05),0.28,1.6 Bq/kg (fresh) for green vegetables;0.02,0.08,2.6 Bq/kg(fresh) for radish;0.51(Bq/kg)(dry weigh),3.7 Bq/kg(dry weigh),4.7 Bq/kg(fresh) for tea;and 0.12,10.8,4.2 Bq/kg(fresh) for pine needle,respectively.Compared with the monitored values of background and control points prior to operation,the values of contents of nuclides varied in the normal range,without radioactive contamination to terrestrial plants except for pine needle samples in 2004.

The monitoring results of the environmental γ radiation dose levels during 1992～2004 in the surrounding areas of QNPP Base in Zhejiang Province is presented in this paper.That indicates that the γ radiation dose rates for 13 years,measured at 5 points(Qinshan Mountain top,Frontier Station,Qinshan Town Primary School,Qinlian Village and Caichenmen) within 2.5 km of QNPP Base site fallen in the range of 82～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h.Those values are close to the background values of 93 nGy/h at those points prior to operation of NPP,and lower than the monitoring value of 101 nGy/h at control points.Within 50 km of the site,the TLD-measured accumulated γ radiation dose rate is 90 nGy/h,below both the background value of 111 nGy/h.

自1992年,浙江省辐射环境监测站对秦山核电基地外围环境辐射水平进行了连续的监督性监测.2001～2005年,基地外围环境气溶胶总α、总β放射性水平及其比值的监测结果表明:秦山核电基地周围环境5 km范围内4个监测点气溶胶总α、总β比活度范围分别为0.02～0.38、0.10～1.81 mBq/m3,平均值分别为0.12、0.45 mBq/m3,略低于杭州市对照点监测值(0.15、0.52 mBq/m3);总β与总α比值范围为1.2～10.2,平均值为4.3,略高于对照点监测值(3.7).表明在秦山核电厂正常运行情况下,基地外围环境气溶胶总α、总β放射性水平没有明显的变化.

Since 1992,a continuous surveillance was made of environmental radioactivity levels around QNNP(Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant) base by the Environmental Radiation Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province.The results shows that,in the duration 1992～2004,the average concentrations of grass α,grass β,()~(90)Sr,(()~(137)Cs) and()~3H in terrestrial freshwaters are estimated to be 67,157,4.4,0.3 mBq/L and 1.4 Bq/L,respectively,with 2.0 Bq/L for()~3H in rainwater.In the normal release,the average concentrations of()~(90)Sr,()~(137)Cs and()~3H are 5.4、0.7 mBq/L and 1.0 Bq/L,respectively.The average concentrations of grass β,()~(90)Sr,()~(137)Cs and()~3H in third loop cooling water at QNPP-1 are estimated to be 2.6,4.1,1.0 mBq/L and 2.1 Bq/L,respectively,with 1.4 Bq/L for()~3H in seawater at outlet.In comparison with the background levels prior to the operation,the environmental radioactive levels fluctuate in a normal range,with no radioactive pollution was found in the area investigated.

大多数石煤含有较高天然放射性核素,石煤的开采和利用有可能使石煤矿区环境放射性水平升高,使居住或工作在碳化砖房的居民、工作人员和石煤矿工的年附加有效剂量增加。对湖北、湖南、江西、浙江和安徽5省石煤矿区居民年附加有效剂量的调查结果表明:碳化砖房居民、碳化砖房工作人员、露天矿工和矿井的工人的年附加有效剂量范围分别为0.51~11.9、0.12~3.54、0.11~1.7和8.2~71 mSv,平均值分别为3.8、1.0、0.56和40 mSv;部分碳化砖房居民的年附加有效剂量超过公众限值标准（1 mSv）,部分矿工的年附加有效剂量超过职业性照射年剂量限值（20 mSv）;氡子体所致的年附加有效剂量约占总剂量的74%。

Concentration levels of 3H and 14C in air around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP) base of Zhejiang Province in 1993～2005 are presented in this paper.The results show that the concentration of 3H in air around Xiajiawan village and Yangliucun village tend to be increase in comparison with radioactive background at QNPP base and reference point of Hangzhou.The average concentration of 3H in air around Xiajiawan village in 2003～2005 is 129、201 and 348 mBq/m3,respectively,being 3.7,5.8 and 10 times the average value 34.8 mBq/m3 in 1993～2002.The concentration of 14CO2 in air of Xiajiawan village and Yangliucun village is at the same level as that at reference point in Hangzhou City.

This paper presents the measurement results of gross β activities in fallout samples collected from the environment around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) during 1993-2002. The gross β activity of 191 samples collected at five monitoring spots were (0.11～3.64) Bq · m-2 · d-1, with an average of (0.91 ±0.49) Bq · m-2 · d-1. This value was lower than (1.02±0.35) Bq·m-2·d-1 , the average of the samples collected at the reference spot in Hangzhou.It indicated that no obvious rise in the gross β activity level of fallout was observed in ambience of Qinshan NPP.

介绍了1993～2002年秦山核电站周围环境沉降物总β放射性的监测结果.在秦山核电站周围布设5个监测点,共采集191个沉降物样品,测得总β比活度范围为0.11～3.64 Bq/m2d,10 a平均值为0.91±0.49 Bq/m2d,低于杭州市1997～2002年的平均值(1.02±0.35 Bq/m2d),说明秦山核电站运行至今周围环境沉降物样品中总β放射性比活度没有升高.

对湖北、湖南、江西、浙江和安徽5省石煤矿区碳化砖房室内、室外氡浓度调查研究结果表明:5省石煤矿区碳化砖房室内年平均氡浓度范围为86～303 Bq/m3,平均值151 Bq/m3,为对照点普通红砖房内年平均氡浓度的3.4倍;5省石煤矿区室外年平均氡浓度范围为12～74 Bq/m3,平均值35 Bq/m3;湖北和浙江省石煤矿井内年平均氡浓度分别为9.51×103和965 Bq/m3.同时,报道了对石煤矿区室内、室外氡浓度变化规律的研究结果.

本文介绍湖南省益阳县泥江口、浙江省安仁石煤电厂和湖北省钻探岩石煤矿井周围80km评价区内集体剂量估算结果,同时介绍了五省碳化砖所致的集体剂量.剂量估算结果表明:钻探岩石煤矿井、泥江口和安仁石煤电厂周围80km评价区年附加集体剂量分别为1.7人·mSv、1.9人·mSv和1.4人·mSv;五省25年生产碳化砖在50年居住期所致的集体剂量为1.6×105人·Sv.