In order to get high bending strength of the optical glass ,the heat treatment was used to passivate and eliminate the scratches on the surface of the optical glass ,and then chemical tempering was used to strengthen optical glass .The effect of strengthening process of the optical glass was analyzed by SEM ,OM ,EDS and three-point bending test .The results show :After chemical strengthening at 458 ℃for18 h ,the ion exchange layer in optical glass reaches about 40~60μm .Compared with 93 .8 MPa of the original glass ,w hile the process is the combination of heat treatment and ion exchange process ,the bending strength achieves 387 .5 MPa ,which increases 4 times ,and Weibull modulus of the bending strength is also improved .It is proved that ion exchange process is more effective to improve the strength .

ZAO ceramic target was fabricated by cold isotatic pressing and pressureless sintering ZAO powder used method of homogeneous precipitation. Then, ZAO film was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering of the lab-made ZAO target. The microstructures and phases of ZAO target and its film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction apparatus. Results show that the relative density of the target is above 93%, and there are the second phase ZnAl2O4 in ZnO crystal boundary. ZAO films with resistivity 1.083x10(-3) Omega.cm and visible light transmittance beyond 85% were obtained by the target.

In order to get high bending strength of the optical glass,the heat treatment was used to passivate the scratches on the surface of the optical glass,and then to strengthen optical glass by chemical tempering process.Using DTA,OM,SEM and three-point bending test,thermal expansion of the optical glass,the surface morphology before and after the heat treatment,the thickness of enhanced ion exchange layer as well as bending strength were analyzed.The results show that when the heat treatment temperature is 580 ℃,and heat preservation time is 5 h,the scratches on the surface of optical glass are passivated,and the bending strength raises by 117%,compared with the origin glass.Holding on 18 h at 458 ℃ after heat treatment,the ion exchange layer in optical glass reaches about 60 μm,the bending strength also achieves 387.5 MPa,which increases more than 413%.

In order to improve the performance of pollution-resistant of stainless steel surface,using tetraethoxylsilane as precursor,hydrochloric acid as catalyst,fingerprint resistant FAS/SiO2 Composite Films was prepared by sol-gel process with fluoroalkylsilane(FAS) to reduce surface free energy.The performance of film with solution prescription,layers of film,and heat treatment technics are investigated.The contact angles is affected by surface roughness which changes with mineral film.The extreme value of contact angle of water film or oil films is 119.6°or 76.2°respectively.The adhesion is grade 1 and the average transmittance of the film is excess 90%.The chromatism is less than 1 in the testing of fingerprince resistantce.The film is good at fingerprint resistantce.

In order to get the compact mica glass-ceramic sintered body,the powder precursor of complex oxide was prepared by liquid-phase precipitation method,the powder was treated by the two-step crystallization heat treatment to get machinable mica glass-ceramic powder containing fluorophlogopite(NaMg3AlSiO3O10F2) as the main crystalline phase.The crystallization procedure of the powder was investigated using DTA/TGA,FT-IR,XRD and TEM.The results show that the morphology of the prepared powder precursor particle is nearly spherical,the size of the particle is in the range of 10 ~20 nm,and the particle is uniform and with a little agglomeration.The morphology of the powder treated by the crystallization heat treatment is mainly lamellar.The fluorophlogopite is tobe crystallized at about 600 ℃,and with the largest nucleation rate at 650 ℃.Meanwhile a small quantity of nepheline(NaAlSiO4) and forsterite(Mg2SiO4) are also crystallized out at 650 ℃.The crystallization degree of the powder,after heat treatment,reached about 45%.

ZnS nano-powders were prepared by microemulsion-supercritical fluid drying method.Anhydrous alcohol was used as supercritical medium,and the process was as 260 ℃ ×7.5 MPa×0.5 h.The products were characterized through X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM).The XRD results showed that the nano-powders prepared by this method were ZnS with cubic structure.It was found that the nano-powders were spherical with the uniform size of 5~7 nm and superior dispersivity.The degree of aggregation of nano-powders was improved effectively and the crystallinity was better than that powders calcined at 550 ℃.

To get BST/MgO ceramics with high-density,fine-grain and excellent dielectric properties,the BST gel enwrapping MgO powder has been prepared by Sol-Gel method.The presintering temperature is 750 ℃,the proper sintering process is 1 300 ℃ for 2 hour The results show that phases of the ceramics comprise BST and MgO,the ceramic grains grow ideally,and pores exist as circle,the relative density is 92.4%,the dielectric constant and loss tangents of BST/MgO ceramics are the best.

Interpenetrating polymer networks latexes were prepared by PTFE latex swollen with acrylic monomers as the seed,and enter PVDF,then the remainder monomer blends were introduced to polymerize.Latexes is modified the coating by using the method of spary.In the reaction system we use anionic emulsifier and nonionic emulsifier and protective colloids.Then using FT-IR,SEM and TEM analyze the coat and properties of coating are measured.The resulted showed the latexs have good compatibility and stability,and the contact angle is exceeding 60 degree and adhesion is 2 grades.

On the basis of the calculation results of Phase DiagramThermodynamics,the neotype phase diagram of Mg-9Gd-3Y-0.6Zn-0.5Zr alloy of Mg-rich cornel was calculated using Calphad software Pandat and heat-treat process was designed combining with M.V.Zakharov empirical formula and DSC curve,as well as,mechanical property and microhardness of this alloy was tested using CMT5105A material test machine and Vickers micro-indenter.The result shows that the phase diagram of Mg-9Gd-3Y-0.6Zn-0.5Zr is feasibility for the design of the heat treatment process in this alloy,the heat treatment process for as-extruded Mg-9Gd-3Y-0.6Zn-0.5Zr is aging at 200 ℃ for 63 h and σb=430 MPa,increased by 30.9%.

In order to lower the cost of flaorine coat and its solidifying temperature,fluorine latexes are prepared by means of the interpenetrating polymer networks.After swelling PTEE and PVDF with acrylic monomers as the seed,the remainder monomer is used to polymerize.The analysis made by using FT-IR,SEM and TEM shows that the latexes with IPN core-shell structures can be made of anionic emulsifier、nonionic emulsifier and APS.PVDF serves as a compatibilizer.The orthogonal experiment shows that the contact angle of the coat is 60°,larger than that of the Sparse oil of domestic fluorine coat.

PTFE/polyacrylate hybr latexes were prepared by using the method of latex interpenetrating networks by PTF latex swollen with acrylic monomers as th seed,and enter PVDF, then the remainde monomer blends were in troduced tpolymerize. In the reaction system we us anionic emulsifier and nonionic emulsifie along with protective colloids were added t emulsion polymerization.The best oil conta angle was optimized through orthogonal tes Then using FT-IR,SEM and TEM to analys the coat. The resulted showed the latexs havgood compatibility and stability, and the coat has excellent capability.

In this paper,BST/MgO composite powder was prepared by Sol-Gel method for reducing the sintering temperature and the grain size,and the crystallization process of the powder was studied by using DTA/TGA,FT-IR,XRD,TEM.The results show that MgO powder is enwrapped by the BST sol during the Sol-Gel process.During the process from BST xerogel to BST ceramic,BaCO3 and SrCO3 formed firstly,and then BaCO3 and SrCO3 decomposed and reacted chemically with TiO2 to form BST.The perovskite structure of BST formed between 550 ℃ and 650 ℃.The powder completely transited to crystal at 700 ℃.By presintering at 700 ℃,BST phase and MgO phase are found in the composite powder.The grain sizes of BST and MgO are about 20 nm and larger than 0.1 μm,respectively.After molding by cold isotonic press and no press sintering at 1 300 ℃,BST/MgO ceramic can be prepared.The sintering temperature of BST/MgO ceramic is lower about 150 ℃ than the sintering temperature of general solid reaction.

The method of coprecipitation-supercritical fluid drying(SCFD) has been used for synthesis of ZAO(ZnO、Al_2O_3composite oxide)nano-poweders doped with La3+.The effect of La doped,the process of supercritical fluid drying and crystallizing temperature on the characteristics of powders was studied using XRD and TEM.The results show that after process of supercritical fluid drying at 260 ℃ ×7.5 MPa×0.5 h,ZAO powders are obtained with size less than 20 nm,high surface area and better spherical grain.The degree of aggregation of nano-particles has been improved effectively.Without crystallizing,the crystal structure of ZAO nano-powders is hexahedron.

Adhesion(cohesion) of films on the substrate is an important performance index which estimates the qualities of films.Because of similar structure between films and substrate,organic silane films tightly cling to metasilicate glass and form a holistic structure with the latter.Therefor the of adhesion is difficult to express precisely.At present the effective measurement of adhesion of organic silane films to metasilicate glass has not recognized.With respect to characteristics of cohesion,scarification is adopted by the authors to qualitatively express adhesion strength of films on the substrate with milling machine accordint to Chinese standard 1720-88,This method is practical and useful for reference.

The transparent conductive ITO thin films with less than 400 Ω/□ of the sheet resistance and more than 80% of the visible transmittance were prepared by a sol-gel process. The microstructure and phase of the films were analyzed by XRD and SEM.The sheet resistance and optical transmittance of the films were measured by using the four-point probe method and spectrophotometer.The experiment results demonstrate that the microstructure of the films homogenizes and crystallizes,the grains of the film is growth gradually,and the sheet resistance and optical transmittance of the films are also decrease with increasing of the temperature.On the other hand,the sheet resistance and optical transmittance of the films are decrease with increasing of the thickness of the film.

Various amounts of antimony and mischmetal (Ce-rich) were added into AZ91 cast magnesium alloy and the microstructural characteristics of the cast magnesium alloys were studied by optical microscopy, electronic microscopy and X- ray diffraction techniques. Both antimony and mischmetal had grain refinement effect to AZ91 alloy. When they were added together, a further refinement was observed. SEM-EDX and XRD analysis indicated that a plate-shaped phase, Al11RE3, formed at the boundaries of dendritic α-Mg grain. A rod-like Mg3Sb2 compound distributed both within α -Mg dendrites and along grain boundaries. A new spherical particle, ReSb, formed in the magnesium alloy when 0.8wt%RE and 0.4wt%Sb were join added. The individual additions of antimony or mischmetal to AZ91 alloy did not result in a noticeable improvement to its room temperature tensile properties, but when 0.8wt%RE and 0.4wt%Sb were added together, the as-cast tensile properties of the alloy were increased dramatically.

The transparent conductive ITO thin films with less than 300Ω/□ of the sheet resistance and more than 80% of the visible tran smittance were prepared by a sol-gel process. The microstructure and phase of the films were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The sheet resistance and optical transmittance of the films were measured by the four-point probe method and spectrophotometer. The results show that the microstructure of the films homogenizes and crystallizes, the grains of the film are growth gradually, and optical transmittance of the films is also increase with increasing the temperature. On the other hand, the sheet resistance of the films is decrease with increasing the temperature.

Based on Young's principle and experiments, the mathematical model to measure the contact angle of composite hydrophobic thin films is built. Different measurement methods with the model are compared. According to the measurement results, a method with higher precise and easier operation is acquired. The results indicate that the hemispherical method is a scientific and succinct method to determine the contact angle. The results will be more precise with the aid of droplet method.

SiC_p/Mahle142 aluminum composites were fabricated with modified melt stirring cast process. The volume fraction of SiC particle was varied between 2% to 15%. The tribological properties and wear resistance of SiC_p/Mahle142 aluminum composite and its matrix alloy under oil lubrication sliding condition were investigated. The abrasive counter-part was made by nodular cast iron. The results indicated that the wear resistance of SiC_p/Mahle142 composites was much better than that of the matrix. With the increasing of SiC particle volume fraction, the wear volume of composites decreased significantly. Under 980N load the wear rate of 15vol% SiC_p/Mahle142 composite was only 10.3% of the Mahle142 alloy, while the frication coefficient kept to near same level. The main wear mechanisms of SiC_p/Mahle142 composite were characterized by abrasion and adhesion.

Coprecipition_supercritical fluid drying(SCFD) method is used for synthesis of Y_2O_3_partly_stabilized ZrO_2 nano_powders.The effect of surface active agent,supercritical drying temperature,pressure and holding time,calcination temperature and holding time on the properties of powders are studied.The results show that the resulting ultrafine powders have small particle size,high surface area,better spherical grain.This method improves effectively the aggregation behaviour of nanoparticles during the gel drying process.When supercritical drying process conducts at 260 ℃ and 7.5 MPa for 0.5 h,and then calcinats at 600 ℃ for 1.5 h,the properties of powders are much better,the mean size of ZrO_2(Y_2O_3)particle is about 10 nm.