以红富士苹果为试材,进行了3种纸袋的套袋处理,以不套袋果实为对照,测定其葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的含量,研究不同纸袋对果实糖代谢的影响.结果表明:对照与套袋果蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖含量变化趋势基本一致,且发育前期以果糖和葡萄糖积累为主,采收时,对照果实葡萄糖含量最高,套袋处理为"小林牌"袋＞"前卫牌"袋＞"彤乐牌"袋;而蔗糖含量为"小林牌"袋＞"彤乐牌"袋＞"前卫牌"袋,对照最低;套袋处理与对照果实酸性转化酶活性变化趋势基本一致,且与蔗糖含量呈极显著负相关.

The effects of bagging on the growth and development of fruit in 'Hanfu' apple subjected to three kinds of paper bag and non-bagged as control was examined.The dynamic changes in titratable acid,starch,soluble sugar,vitamin C content,and soluble solids content,flesh firmness,weight per fruit,fruit sharp index of mature fruits were studied.The results showed that the starch,soluble sugar,titratable acid and vitamin C content were reduced in the treatment of different paper bags compared with control.However,there were some differences among the different paper bags.The soluble solids content,flesh firmness and weight per fruit of control was higher than treatments in mature fruit,and the soluble solids content in fruit of 'Qingtian' paper bag was higher than the treatment of 'Xiaolin' paper bag and 'Tongle' paper bag.There was no significant different in the fruit sharp index between 'Xiaolin' paper bag and the control,but there were significant differences in 'Xiaolin' paper bag and 'Tongle' paper bag,and the fruit sharp index was reduced in the treatment of 'Tongle' paper bag and 'Qingtian' paper bag.

The fruit of Fuji apple was used as material to study the effects of bagging with three kinds of paper bags on different calcium fractions absorption in fruit by measuring the concentration of soluble calcium,pectic calcium and calcium oxalate of the bagged apple fruit,and the non-bagged apple served as the control.The results showed that the effects on contents of different calcium fractions in the fruit with three kinds of paper bags were not same.The soluble calcium content in fruits with all paper bag treatments reduced significantly,and the order of concentration of pectic calcium in mature fruit was as follows: 'Tongle' paper bagControl'Xiaolin' paper bag'Qianwei' paper bag.The content of calcium oxalate in fruit with 'Tongle' paper bag and 'Qianwei' paper bag was higher than that of control,and the content of calcium oxalate in fruit with 'Xiaolin' paper bag was lowest.The content of soluble calcium in fruit was highly related to soluble solids,titratable acid and vitamin C between different paper bags.

The changes of the structure of fungi population of apple pericarp under bagging microenvironment during different periods were studied.Using Red Fuji apple and selecting culture medium as materials,the population structure of fungi in bag-ging microenvironment were isolated,identified and classified,and the dynamic changes of population structure in different bags and different sites of fruit were analyzed.The results indicated that Alternaria after bagging existed at all times in growing sea-son,and Penicillium,Trichoderma and Aspergillus were isolated respectively in different periods after July.In ‘Qianwei’ bag which inner bag was black and unwaxed,the population structure of fungi was as the same with CK,included Alternaria and Penicillium.The population structure of fungi in ‘Kobayashi’ bag included Alternaria,Penicillium,Trichoderma and Aspergillus,but Aspergillus in ‘Tongle’ bag was not found.The population structure of fungi in different bags and different periods had sig-nificant difference,but there was no significant difference in different sites of fruit.

我国是世界上最大的苹果生产国和消费国,面积和产量均居世界首位,2006年全国苹果产量超过2 600万t(吨),占全国水果总产量的27.1 %,占世界苹果总产量的40 %以上,产值达到了400多亿元,苹果已成为我国最具有竞争力的主要农产品之一.

The development process of the bagged fruit skin of Red Fuji apple was studied using different bags,including Kobayashi bag widely used in China and Qianwei bag widely used in Suizhong region of Liaoning Province,and non-bagged as control.The results indicated that the cuticle of all treatments was smooth and uniform,and there were no significant dif-ferences among all treatments in the thickness of cuticle at the early fruit developing stage.The epidermal cells were densely arranged and regular in shape,and there were no significant differences in the size of epidermal cells and the thickness of mechanical tissue among all treatments;while within the intermediate and later stage of fruit development the cuticle of the fruit bagged with Qianwei bag was significantly thicker than those bagged with Kobayashi bag and control.Under bagging condition the fruit cuticle was irregular and unshaped with light V-type concaves in Kobayashi bag and deep V-type con-caves in Qianwei bag.However,there were very few light V-type concaves generated on the non-bagged fruit;a lot of gaps generated amid the epidermal cells with loose array,and the size of epidermal cells were significantly smaller.The thickness of mechanical tissue of non-bagged fruits was significantly thicker than those bagged ones,but without significant difference between the fruit bagged with Qianwei bag and Kobayashi bag.

In order to investigate the changes of the fungus community structure on the apple fruit surface developing in the micro-environmental conditions of bagging culture Red Fuji apple was used as material for studying.The fungus communities were investigated and identified.Results indicated that Alternaria was the main genus at different developing stages;while after July Penicillium,Trichoderma and Aspergillus were appeared,besides Arternaria,they at first appeared on the fruit surface where without lenticel,then at the lenticel.From the results of identified fungi it could be learned that under bagging culture the fungus communities have no direct harmful effect on the fruit safety.

在山东3个苹果主产县(市)进行6个品牌双层纸袋套袋对红富士苹果品质影响的比较试验.结果表明,不同品牌纸袋对套袋果实的日灼率、黑点病果率、苦痘病果率、光洁度指数、着色度指数、单果重、果实硬度和可溶性固形物等均有一定的影响,3个试验点的表现基本一致,均优于当地低档袋.对套袋果各项品质指标进行综合比较,小林袋的效果略好于其他果袋.

套袋是生产无公害优质高档苹果的重要技术措施。本文介绍了苹果套袋、除袋时间及技术以及配套栽培技术的研究和应用现状,并对套袋栽培技术在我国苹果产业发展中的应用进行了展望。