Aiming at the fluvo-aquic soil,one of the main soil types in major wheat producing areas,by analysis of the results of many fertilizer efficiency experiments on winter wheat,the fertilization parameters,such as nutrient uptake amount per 100 kg grain yield,utilization coefficient of soil nutrients and fertilizer use efficiency were figured out respectively.And based on advantages of the nutrient balance method,the influence of soil environmental factor and grain yield level factor on calibration coefficient of soil available nutrient and fertilizer use efficiency,and their change regularity were studied mainly.The results indicated that soil available nutrient contents demonstrated significantly negative correlations with calibration coefficient of soil available nutrient and fertilizer use efficiency respectively.On their conclusions,we established soil testing and recommend fertilization index system on wheat in fluvo-aquic soil,founded on nutritious balance method,and based on soil testing,in order to guide winter wheat fertilization and production directly,quickly,scientifically and rationally.

In contrast to traditional fertilizing,nitrate nitrogen content in soil and yield factors of wheat-maize applied slow/controlled release fertilizer with different amounts and rates in North China was analyzed.The results indicated that nitrate nitrogen content still maintain high level during late growing period,and the yield traits such as panicle number,1000-grain weight as well as actual yield keep high level if fertilized according to recommendation at the ratio of 6∶ 4∶ 2 at pre-sowing,reviving and jointing respectively(the treatment named as 100%UD).The formulated slow/controlled release fertilizer(CSR) showed lower nitrate nitrogen content in soil,but had no influence on yields compared with 100%UD.CSR showed a positive impact on maize production,e.g.increased fertilizer use efficiency,decreased bare top length.The yield of 80%SCR is 18.3% higher than that of 100%UD.Crop could absorb nutrient timely and fully with the application of SCR because the nutrient is released slowly and avoided of the loss risk by leaching.On the whole,further study on how to optimize SCR fertilization distribution during the wheat and maize growing season was needed for the purpose of increasing economic and environmental benefits simultaneously.

The effect of long-term fertilization on fertilizer utilization efficiency and yield-increasing effect on wheat was studied through a seven-year field experiment in purple soil.The results showed that the NPK treatment was the optimum fertilization combination,with an NFUE,PFUE and KFUE of 40.35%,12.94% and 21.10%,respectively.In PK treatment(without N),PFUE and KFUE were rather low,suggesting that phosphate fertilization and potassium fertilization were ineffective without nitrogen application.In NK treatment(without P),KFUE in the growing season was low.Nitrogen fertilizer had indistinctive accumulated effect in NPK treatment.But accumulated effects of nitrogen in NP and NK treatments increased in the first 4 years,and declined thereafter.Phosphate fertilizer had also distinctive accumulated effect in NPK treatment,indicating that phosphate fertilization had a certain residual effect,which,however,diminished with time.Phosphate fertilizer had distinctive accumulated effect in PK treatment,but the accumulated PFUE was relatively low.In contrast,accumulated PFUE in NP treatment appeared relatively stable.Potassium fertilizer had distinctive accumulated effect in NPK and NK treatments.As for the yield-increasing effect,the average yield increase was 11.13 kg,8.77 kg and 6.75 kg,respectively,by 1 kg of N,P2O5 and K2O fertilizer.

The status of cotton fertilization were summarized,the problems of cotton fertilization were analysed and strategies of improving cotton fertilization techniques and cotton yield and quality were put forward.

【OBJECTIVE】A novel method for measuring area of corn leaf is proposed using Image processing software developed with Visual C++6.0 based on image processing techniques and Digital Cameras.【METHOD】Firstly,corn leaf and reference board which are hung in the vitical wall are captured by a color digital camera in the same image.Secondly,the blue component of the image are extracted,the noise are eliminated used the median filtering、dilation and erosion.The corn leaf are segregated from the background by Ostu threshold segrement method.Thirdly,every reginal of the object is labeled and calculated its' pixel number.Lastly,the corn leaf's real area can be got through the corn leaf's pixel number and the image resolution ratio.【RESULT】Compared with the "Maximum length×width"ruler method,the image processing results yielded a correlation of R2=0.996.【CONCLUTION】(1)This kind of shooting method can avoid engendering the geometric distortion.(2)The intensity of the object and the background has the most different in the blue component of the image.(3)The image processing method can get the plant leaf'area more accurate and rapidly than other traditional methods.

This paper summarizes the application of computer vision technology in agriculture production from the aspects of testing plant external growth parameter,diagnosing plant nutrition stress,supervising and identifying disease and insect damage,fruit and vegetable picking robot,quality inspecting and grading of agriculture products.It also prospects the orientation for future development.

根据中棉所36的营养特点和需肥规律,密切结合新疆生态特点,紧密配合灌溉特点以及矮密早的宽膜植棉技术,经济合理施用肥料,及时为棉花各生育阶段提供必需的营养元素.为此,2001-2002年,在新疆农八师石河子总场和下野地试验站系统地进行了中棉所36平衡施肥技术试验.

云南省是我国唯一的陆地棉(G. hirsutum L.)、海岛棉(G. barbadense L.)和亚洲棉(G. arboreum L.即中棉)三个栽培种兼备多种生态种质资源类型分布的省份。特别是亚洲棉，约在两千年前从原产地印度经缅甸首先传人云南，在以后的千……