Guang’an, which is located in the eastern part of the Sichuan Basin in Southwest China, is the gateway to the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle. Multiple phases of tectonic activities there have resulted in abundant geoheritage resources. The geoheritage sites are valuable not only for economic development but also for their scientific, educational, and cultural significance. However, the work concerning the investigation and preservation of the geoheritages remains inadequate. In this study, the first detailed investigation of high-quality geoheritage resources in Guang’an area was carried out with satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle and field survey. Based on the results of this investigation, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) The survey and research work identified 145 important geological relic resources in Guang’an, which can be divided into 3 main categories, 5 categories and 11 subcategories. In terms of the types, karst landform, geological structure landform and water landform are the main types of geoheritages in the east of Guang’an. While in the western region of Guang’an, meandering river landform, clastic rock landform and fossil geosites are the main geoheritages. (2) The development and protection of geoheritage resources are severely inadequate, with conservation and utilization efforts having been initiated only in the Huaying Mountain area in eastern Guang’an. (3) The protection and utilization of geoheritage resources should abandon the traditional development mode of heavy assets such as tourist attractions and geological parks. Under the guiding ideology of integrating diversified resource types and multi-dimensional industries, more value attributes need to be mined in science popularization, geoscience tourism, leisure and entertainment, geocultural village construction, ecological health and other industries, so as to create more asset-light product systems.

High-grade Cu deposits in the Jianglang Dome have recently been interpreted as a new type of granite-related and sediment-hosted stratiform Cu deposits, yet the magmatic-hydrothermal fluid pathway remains an enigma. Here we employ major elements, rare earth elements (REE) and Sm-Nd chronometer to decode the genetic mechanism of two contrasting garnets in these deposits. Specifically, Grt1 is fine-grained, deformed (parallel to S2 foliation) and chalcopyrite-free, whereas Grt2 is coarse-grained, undeformed (cross-cutting S2 foliation) and cupriferous. They both occur within the Neoproterozoic metamorphic rocks and are almandinerich (63.58-87.33 wt%), thereby indicating a metamorphic origin. Their associated fluids are reduced, nearly neutral and Cl-poor, with diverse temperatures (average 505 degrees C vs. 559 degrees C) and pressures (average 5.6 kbar vs. 3.6 kbar). Significantly, Sm-Nd isotopic dating yields isochron ages of 190.3 +/- 8.3 Ma for Grt1 (2 sigma, MSWD = 0.86, n = 4) and 162.6 +/- 8.0 Ma for Grt2 (2 sigma, MSWD = 0.71, n = 4). These ages match regional ca. 204-190 Ma peak metamorphism and ca. 164-160 Ma magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization. As such, magmatichydrothermal overprint on primary metamorphic Grt2 accounts for its distinct geological, geochemical and age features relative to Grt1. Further, our garnet Sm-Nd dating results, with geological significances, imply that almandine Sm-Nd closure temperature is far below 725 degrees C as previously estimated. Combined with exploration practices, we advocate that the unique and incompetent Grt2-bearing layers, dominated by mechanically soft chlorite schist, served as a lateral pathway for epigenetic magmatic-hydrothermal fluids in the Jianglang Dome. This means that mineralization potential is likely limited beneath these characteristic zones in the lower Liwu Group.

The Niutougou ore area (similar to 31 t Au) is located in the Xiong'ershan district at the southern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). From north to south, the Niutougou ore area is divided into three main parts, corresponding to the gold deposits in the Songligou altered rocks, the J25-J26 breccia, the Vein VII lode gold deposit, and the Shangzhuang altered rocks. The timing of gold mineralization and the formation age of the J26 breccia pipe have not been well constrained in this ore area. Hydrothermal xenotime and apatite are closely related to gold mineralization. The in situ xenotime U-Pb ages of the J26 breccia pipe and Vein VII show U-Pb lower intercept ages of 151.2 +/- 2.0 Ma and 155.9 +/- 1.6 Ma, respectively. The in situ U-Pb age of the Shangzhuang apatite shows a U-Pb lower intercept ages of 153.4 +/- 2.6 Ma. The U-Pb concordia ages and weighted mean ages of the cement zircons from the J26 breccia pipe are 155.8 +/- 0.4 Ma, and 155.9 +/- 0.8 Ma, respectively, determined via sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) analysis. The molybdenite veins in the J26 breccia pipe cut the cement and different types of breccia and have a Re-Os isochron age of 155.9 +/- 2.9 Ma and weighted mean age of 155.9 +/- 1.1 Ma. Thus, the formation age of the breccia pipe is Late Jurassic. The subduction of the paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the NCC and the back-arc extensional setting in the Late Jurassic might have caused gold mineralization in the southern margin of the NCC.

Metasedimentary rock-hosted stratiform Cu-Co (MSC) deposits are one of the important types of Co deposits. Previous research has primarily concentrated on Cu mineralization, while the occurrence, source, and enrichment process of Co remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted LA-ICP-MS elemental analysis of the primary sulfides (pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite) from the Heiniudong MSC deposit, the largest of its kind in western Sichuan, China. The results indicate that Co in Heiniudong primarily exists as isomorphic substitutions within pyrrhotite (393-1222 ppm) and sphalerite (162-393 ppm), with a possible substitution mechanism of Co2+ <-> (Fe, Zn)(2+). Additionally, Co is occasionally present as costibite and micro- to nano-inclusions within chalcopyrite. The Cu and Co elements in the Heiniudong deposit exhibit homologous relationships, primarily originating from the Liwu Group during the early stages of mineralization. Furthermore, contributions from other geological end-members may also be present during this main mineralization stage. The Co enrichment observed in the Heiniudong deposit can be attributed to complex multi-stage geological processes, mainly including (1) initial Co enrichment during the sedimentary-diagenetic stage, (2) early activation induced by tectonic and metamorphic events, and (3) re-enrichment following hydrothermal superposition and transformation events. Owing to its unique properties, Co exhibits a remarkable tendency to progressively accumulate in recrystallized sulfides of the Heiniudong deposit over geological time.

Indosinian granitoids are widespread in the western Qinling Orogen, offering valuable insights into the geodynamic evolution of the Qinling Orogenic Belt and crust-mantle interactions. In this study, we present new zircon U–Pb dating, major and trace elemental analyzes, and Sr isotopic compositions of the Triassic granitoids from the Dangjiasi, Laxiwa, Guomaying, Guase, and Changmu intrusions in the Guide area, northwestern segment of the West Qinling. Geochemical and Sr isotopic compositions reveal that the granitoids in the Guide area of the Western Qinling were formed through the mixing of partial melting from ancient crustal rocks and mantle-derived melts. The rocks of the crustal source consist mainly of mafic meta-igneous rocks (particularly amphibolites) and some metasedimentary rocks. We also summarize previously published geochronological and geochemical data on the granitoid rocks in the West Qinling and adjacent areas. The granitoid magmatism was emplaced during two distinct magmatic pulses at ca. 265–230 Ma and 230–200 Ma. The early-phase magmatic rocks are linked to subduction settings, whereas the late-phase magmatic rocks are associated with syn-collisional to post-collisional environments. The age, geochemical, and isotopic variations from west to east across the Qinling Orogen suggest a scissor-like subduction-collision process, supporting the prevailing view that the orogeny resulted from the collision between the North China Craton and the South China Craton. This study advances our understanding of the crust-mantle interactions and tectonic evolution in the western Qinling Orogen.

Rutile, anatase, and brookite are polymorphs of titanium dioxide (TiO2), and occur as accessory minerals in various lithologies. They provide important information for revealing magmatic-hydrothermal ore formation, yet the mineralogical characteristics and genesis of hydrothermal anatase is not well established. In this study, we focus on the texture and geochemical composition of anatase from the auriferous ore (quartz-ankerite-pyrrhotite-arsenopyrite vein) and barren rock (quartz-ankerite vein) from the Laozuoshan deposit. Five types of anatase were discovered, including (1) type-AI and -BI anatase in auriferous ore and barren rock, characterized by being homogeneous and isolated without mineral inclusions; (2) type-AII and -BII anatase in auriferous ore and barren rock, usually contains some biotite, ankerite, zircon or apatite inclusions. Some typeAII anatase grains in the auriferous ore show patchy zoning; (3) type-AIII anatase (only in auriferous ore) is characterized by well-developed sector or normal zoning. High W content is distributed in the patches and sector zones of type-AII and -AIII anatase, which could be attributed to the W substitution for Ti in the anatase. We suggest that F-rich ore fluids could facilitate the W incorporation into the anatase crystal, and W-rich anatase can serve as an indicator mineral for gold skarn exploration.

The Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt (BNMB) is one of the vital metallogenic belts in the Tibetan Plateau. At present, the metallogenic regularity on the scale of the whole metallogenic belt is still poorly understood. In this contribution, the geological, geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data of 87 magmatism-related polymetallic deposits in the BNMB have been systematically collected to summarize the metallogenesis of polymetallic deposits in this belt. Our research shows that different segments of the BNMB have distinct metallogenic differences. The western, central, and eastern segments of the BNMB are characterized by the development of abundant Cu-Au, Fe-Cu-Cr-Ni, and W-Pb-Zn deposits, respectively. These various types of magmatism-related polymetallic deposits in the BNMB were formed between 188 Ma and 76 Ma, and the mineralization has two peak periods of 125-110 Ma and 90-75 Ma. The spatio-temporal variation of different types of magmatismrelated polymetallic deposits in the BNMB is likely to be constrained by the lithospheric architecture and deep geodynamic processes. The elemental and Sr-Nd-Hf-S-Pb isotopic results indicate that various kinds of mineralization are closely related to relevant magmatism. The Cu-Au mineralization is related to dominantly mantle-derived, highly-oxidized, and less-evolved granitic intrusions; the Pb-Zn-W mineralization is genetically associated with dominantly ancient middle-upper crust-derived, relatively reduced, and highly-evolved granitic intrusions; the characteristics of the ore-causative intrusions related to Fe-Cu-Mo polymetallic mineralization are between those of the above two end members. In combination with previous studies, we propose a comprehensive model that includes four stages (>145 Ma, similar to 145-125 Ma, similar to 125-105 Ma, and similar to 105-74 Ma) to illustrate the Jurassic-Cretaceous tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic evolution history in the whole BNMB.

Groundwater recharge estimation is important for groundwater resource management especially in arid and semiarid areas, such as Loess Plateau, China. Here, loess deposits form regionally important aquifers, typified by a thick unsaturated zone, facilitating the application of environmental tracers to estimate groundwater recharge rates. In this study, the chloride mass balance (CMB) method was used to estimate groundwater recharge from precipitation for two sites in Inner Mongolia, China. Due to the uncertainty in determining the prerequisite chloride input flux for the CMB method, three different techniques (artificial 3H tracer method, the measured chloride concentration in precipitation, and 1963 tritium peak method) were used to determine the chloride input flux to increase the reliability of the calculated groundwater recharge rates. The different chloride input flux results obtained from the different techniques were found to be consistent. The average groundwater recharge rate calculated from the chloride mass balance method is 0.038 m/year. The groundwater recharge rate obtained in this study was found to be consistent with groundwater recharge rates derived from similar studies in the Loess Plateau.

The Xinling Pb-Zn-Ag deposit is located in the northeastern North China Craton.The ore bodies are hosted in the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe Group metamorphic rock,and are controlled by faults.In order to obtain diagenetic and metallogenic ages,source of ore-forming fluids and materials of the Xinling deposit and its genetic relationship with Mesozoic magmatic activity,a systematic studies of deposit geology,chronology and isotopic chemistry have been carried out in this paper.We present LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of （227.3±1.5）Ma for ore-related granite porphyry,Rb-Sr isochron age of （222.9±2.9）Ma for five sphalerite samples with initial Sr isotope ratio of 0.7104,which represent the Late Triassic diagenetic and metallogenic ages for the Xinling deposit.The δ 18 O W and δD W values of the ore-forming fluids vary from 4.7‰ to 7.6‰,and -97.7‰ to -82.0‰,respectively,indicating that the ore-forming fluid was mainly derived from magmatic fluid.The ~3He/~4He ratio of fluid inclusions in ore pyrite ranges from 0.15 to 0.21 Ra,further indicates that the ore-forming fluid was a mixing product of crusta and mantle-derived fluids.LA-ICP-MS in-situ δ 34 S values of pyrite sample range from+3.9‰to+7.2‰,with an average of+5.5‰.The lead isotopic compositions of the six sphalerite samples are 206 Pb/ 204 Pb=17.534～17.822, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb=15.527～15.591, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb=37.851～38.162.The K-feldspar Pb isotopic compositions of the two granite porphyry samples are 206 Pb/ 204 Pb=17.411～17.500, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb=15.498～15.509,and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb=37.519～37.614.S-Pb isotope composition indicates that the ore-forming material was mainly derived from the Late Triassic magma with minor Liaohe Group metamorphic rock.

The Liwu large scale of Cu-rich poly-metallic deposit is located in the Jianglang tectonic dome, Western China. The main ore-bodies of these deposits are stratiform-like. There exist two episodes of copper poly-metallic mineralization in the deposit, i.e., an early episode with deformed banded mineralization and a late episode with undeformed massive-veined mineralization. Previous studies mainly focus on the massive-veined miner-alization, however, geological features, geochronology and metallogenesis of the deformed banded mineraliza-tion are poorly understood. Here we present thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) Re-Os geochronological and Pb isotopic data for chalcopyrite from this type of ore, to precisely constrain the ages and origins of the early metallogenic event. In addition, the zircon U-Pb geochronological and TIMS Pb isotopic data are also presented for the ore-hosting metamorphic rocks of the Liwu Group, to better constrain its origin and the correlation with the Liwu deposit. Our new studies indicate that the deformed banded copper poly-metallic mineralization was initiated in the Early Carboniferous (ca. 343 Ma), and derived from the Neo-Proterozoic (541-544 Ma) metamorphic rocks, coeval with the opening of Paleo-Tethys Ocean. The Carboniferous miner-alization was superimposed by the Yanshanian (ca. 151 Ma) massive-veined copper poly-metallic mineralization. This study is beneficial to understand the stratiform deposit especially the metamorphic rock-hosting Cu (-Co) deposit.

团结沟金矿床位于黑龙江省中部嘉荫县境内,是我国东北地区最大的浅成低温热液型金矿床.本文对与成矿有关的花岗闪长斑岩和花岗斑岩进行了系统的岩相学、锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主量和微量元素、LA-ICP-MS锆石原位微量元素、Hf同位素、LA-ICP-MS原位S同位素及矿石的载金矿物黄铁矿Pb-He同位素研究.结果表明:花岗闪长斑岩和花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(105.9±1.1)和(102.3±1.2)Ma,属于钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列岩石;两者呈现富集轻稀土元素和Rb、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损P、Ti、Nb、Ta等高场强元素特征;花岗闪长斑岩中锆石Ce4+/Ce3+值为165～656(均值为322)、Ti饱和温度为605～715 ℃(均值为658 ℃),花岗斑岩中锆石Ce4+/Ce3+值为359～868(均值为480)、Ti饱和温度为606～680 ℃(均值为646 ℃);两者的锆石εHf(t)值分别为6.9～8.1和5.6～8.2;黄铁矿的δ34S值为-7.8％0～-0.2％0,均值为-3.5‰,普通铅同位素比值 206 Pb/204 Pb 值为 18.160～18.399、207 Pb/204 Pb 值为15.538～15.590、208Pb/204 Pb值为38.135～38.340;黄铁矿中流体包裹体R/Ra值为0.75～1.23.综合研究表明:与成矿密切相关的岩浆为同源结晶岩浆演化产物,岩浆就位发生在早白垩世,初始岩浆可能来源于古太平洋板片俯冲背景下年轻下地壳物质部分熔融的产物,形成过程中混合部分幔源物质;成矿流体来自深源岩浆,具有壳-幔混源特征(地壳为主,地幔流体占8.23％～13.62％),花岗斑岩更高的氧逸度和更低的岩浆结晶温度为金富集过程和良好的运移提供了基础,有利于大规模金矿化.

The Qukulekedong deposit is a recently discovered large Au-Sb deposit in the western part of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, NW China. Pyrite with a characteristic dissolution-regrowth texture has developed in the high-grade Au ore of the deposit. In this study, information on the mineralogical properties, elements distribution, and in situ S isotopic composition of the dissolution-regrowth pyrite was used to interpret its genesis and relationship to Au concentration. The pyrite grains are composed of a core, mantle, and rim. The core consists of pyrite with delta 34S values ranging from 1.02 %o to 1.99 %o, indicating a neutral pH, medium-oxygen fugacity environment. The mantle consists of sphalerite, sericite, quartz, and ankerite with dissolution texture, indicating pyrite dissolution and replacement in a neutral pH, high-oxygen fugacity environment. The rim consists of pyrite with fine arsenopyrite inclusions and recovers the crystal shape of the pyrite, which have delta 34S values ranging from 1.60 %o to 2.67 %o. This indicates that the rim was formed via regrowth in a neutral pH, low-oxygen fugacity environment. The dissolution of the mantle and regrowth of the rim represent an oxygen fugacity increa-sing-decreasing process in the formation of pyrite. The increase in oxygen fugacity could remobilize Au from dissolved pyrite, forming a highly Au-concentrated hydrothermal fluid. The decrease in oxygen fugacity trig-gered the supersaturation and precipitation of Au, forming an Au-rich rim. Combining geological characteristics, the pyrite likely had a magmatic sulfur origin and formed via a dissolution-regrowth process caused by the depressurization-oxidation associated with rock fractures. The dissolution-regrowth pyrite can be used as a mineralogical indicator for regional Au exploration.

Abstract Background Multiple sources such as university students' research and innovation projects, some of the teachers' research projects suitable for teaching practice, existing teaching experiments and literature, etc. Integrating the experimental results of morphology, functional and molecular biology and other disciplines into further experimental teaching mode can better integrate basic experimental skills with clinical development, meet the development needs of students and solve the problem of insufficient comprehensive basic teaching experiments, etc. It will further strengthen students' comprehensive application ability, overall thinking ability, practical hands-on ability, and analytical and adaptive ability. Methods A questionnaire on "Evaluation of existing basic medicine integrated experiments" was distributed to faculty members and undergraduate students in the School of Basic Medicine. Based on the results of the questionnaire, we propose to use multi-source projects as the original resources for the design of integrated experiments, design innovative integrated experiments covering multiple disciplines and meeting the needs of teaching and development of undergraduates by undergraduate volunteers in open laboratories, and evaluate the feasibility of the results of multi-source to the front line of experimental teaching through the evaluation form. Results Through feasibility assessment, the comprehensive experiments of basic medicine designed based on multi-source results have the characteristics of high comprehensiveness and feasibility, which can be transformed to the front line of experimental teaching. Conclusions Through this model, the aim is to achieve comprehensive integration of basic medical laboratory courses, to keep the laboratory courses abreast of cutting-edge achievements in the field, and to cultivate students' interest in and thinking about scientific research.

The Argun massif is an important micro-continent in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt and hosts a wide variety of Mesozoic hydrothermal Cu(-Mo), Pb-Zn-Ag, and Au deposits such as Wunugetushan Cu(-Mo) and Jiawula Pb-Zn-Ag deposits. In this paper, we integrate geological and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic data from Mesozoic Argun igneous rocks to elucidate the crustal architecture, and any spatial-temporal and genetic links with the regional metallogeny. Our results indicate that the porphyry Cu-Mo deposits in the massif were mainly developed in the zones with high-epsilon Hf(t) values and Neoproterozoic TDMc ages, representing juvenile lower crustal components. The epithermal Pb-Zn-Ag deposits were mostly developed in zones with variable epsilon Hf(t) and Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic TDMc values, representing magma source with reworked ancient or juvenile lower crustal components. In contrast, the major mesothermal and epithermal Au deposits are associated with magmatic rocks emplaced in low-epsilon Hf(t) and high-TDMc domains, representing reworked Mesoproterozoic ancient crustal components.

The Qukulekedong Au-Sb deposit is the first large Au-Sb deposit discovered in the western section of the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt. Even though the significance of the deposit is important, mineralization timing and genesis of the deposit have remained elusive. This study integrated a regional geological survey and the analysis of deposit characteristics with newly acquired geochemical data (Re-Os dating, LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, and Lu-Hf isotopes) to gain insights into the chronology and genesis of this deposit. The deposit is closely related to granodiorite and diorite porphyry intrusions in space. The orebody occurs in the inner and outer contact zones of the intrusions and is characterized by disseminated, quartz veins, and breccia type mineralization. The main Au-bearing minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, and stibnite. The zircon U-Pb ages of the granodiorite and diorite porphyry are 214.8 +/- 1.1 Ma and 211.0 +/- 3.7 Ma, respectively. The Re-Os isochron age of Au-bearing arsenopyrite is 209 +/- 12 Ma. The epsilon Hf(t) values of zircons from the granodiorite range from 4.78 to 9.16, the epsilon Hf(t) of zircons from the diorite porphyry range from -1.81 to 7.05, and the initial Os-187/Os-188 value of Au-bearing arsenopyrite is 0.7851 +/- 0.0079, indicating that the magmas of deposit were derived from the lower crust and ore-forming materials were mainly derived from ancient lower crust. These results show that the Qukulekedong Au-Sb deposit was formed in a Late Triassic post-collision extensional background and is an Au-Sb deposit related to the crust-derived magmatic activity. There is still significant prospecting potential in the depth of the deposit.

A special cross-tie (SCT) domain wall was discovered in the helimagnet MnCoSi alloy via the magnetic vector field tomography in Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM). Different to the traditional cross-tie (TCT) domain wall where the convergent/divergent magnetic moment configuration line up one by one, the relative large Bloch type sub-walls emerge in this brand-new SCT domain wall and two mutually perpendicular rotation axes coexist in this special feature. The straight magnetic stripes accompanied with the unraveled domain walls hint the complex mechanism to form this SCT structure. Interestingly, different orientation of this domain wall in LTEM can easily exhibit various magnetic features, including meron/antimeron chains or bimeron strings.

The ARGO-YBJ detector, located at the Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (4300 m a. s. l., Tibet, China), was a "full coverage" air shower array. The high altitude location and the frequent occurrence of thunderstorms, made ARGO-YBJ suitable to study the effects of atmospheric electric fields (AEF) on secondary cosmic rays. By analyzing the data of the ARGO-YBJ detector recorded during thunderstorms, significant variations of the rate of detected showers have been observed. During 20 thunderstorm episodes in 2012, the variations of the shower rates (both increases and decreases of amplitudes up to a few percent) are found to be correlated to the intensity and polarity of the AEF, and strongly dependent on the primary zenith angle. To understand the observed behavior, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed with CORSIKA and G4argo (a code based on GEANT4). We found that the data are well consistent with simulations, assuming the presence of a uniform electric field in a layer of thickness of 500 m in the atmosphere above the observation level. Due to the AEF accelerates/decelerates and deflects the secondary charged particles (mainly electrons and positrons) according to their charge, modifying the number and position of particles with energy exceeding the detector threshold. For the differences in electron and positron flux, spectrum, and lateral distribution, the AEF has an asymmetric effect on the shower particles, producing significant variations of the particle pattern on the ground, and, consequently, on the rate of detected showers, consistent with observations.

The Wenjiaping granite, as one of the few Late Jurassic granites in the Songpan–Garzê fold belt (SGFB), can provide an important clue for comprehensively recognizing the tectonic evolution and mineralization of this belt. In this contribution, we present new age and geochemical data for this pluton to better constrain its petrogenesis and discuss the tectonic and metallogenic implications. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating shows that the Wenjiaping pluton was emplaced at ~159 Ma. The granite contains minor amphibole, and exhibits slightly peraluminous characteristics (A/CNK = 1.03–1.10) and lower initial Sr–Pb isotope ratios than those of the Liwu Group, which excludes the possibility that the Wenjiaping granite was derived from partial melting of the metasedimentary rock‐dominated Liwu Group as previously suggested. Significantly, high Sr/Y (40.93–54.30), La N /Yb N (39.64–56.64), and K 2 O/NaO (0.77–1.11) ratios, low MgO (0.47%–0.86%) and Cr (25.1–41.3 ppm) contents, and relatively enriched Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotope compositions of the Wenjiaping granite are comparable to those of the Late Triassic adakitic rocks in the SGFB, indicating that they probably share a similar source. Combined with previous researches, we propose that large‐scale detachment of the Jianglang dome caused by post‐collisional lithospheric extension in the SGFB‐induced decompressional partial melting of the Precambrian basement rocks can account for the generation of the Late Jurassic Wenjiaping pluton. In addition, our results also suggest that the Wenjiaping pluton probably cannot supply abundant metal elements for the Liwu‐type Cu‐polymetallic deposits in the Jianglang dome, SGFB.

Bada is a newly discovered Cu-Au deposit located in the south part of the Yulong porphyry Cu (-Mo-Au) belt (YPCB), eastern Tibet. The Cu-Au mineralization, mainly hosted by the alkali-rich quartz monzonite porphyry (QMP), with minor by the fine-grained monzonitic porphyry (MP) and surrounding strata of the Nanxin Formation. The hydrothermal alteration assemblages recognized at Bada mainly include potassic, phyllic, propylitic, and argillic. The Cu-Au mineralization occurs within the potassic and phyllic alteration zones. Three main metallogenic stages have been identified: stage I ore-barren quartz +/- dolomite +/- K-feldspar +/- pyrite veins, stage IIa dolomite +/- quartz + pyrite veins, stage IIb dolomite +/- quartz + polymetallic sulfide veins, and stage III dolomite +/- calcite veins. The dolomite delta C-13(PDB) values from stage I to III range from -2.2 - -1.8 parts per thousand , -6.8 - -3.4 parts per thousand, to -4.2 - 1.9 parts per thousand. Their delta O-18(SMOW) values vary from 7.7 - 9.8 parts per thousand, 6.5 - 11.9 parts per thousand, to 7.8 - 11.4 parts per thousand, respectively. The corresponding calculated delta O-18(fluid) values ranging from 6.0 to 6.3 parts per thousand for stage I, and -1.1 to 4.3 parts per thousand for stage II, and -1.7 to 1.9 parts per thousand for stage III. The C-O isotopic compositions imply that the ore-forming fluids were dominated by magmatic water with the input of meteoric water. The narrow delta S-34 value range of sulfides (1.43 to 6.61 parts per thousand, mean 4.64 parts per thousand) reflects a predominantly magmatic origin for the sulfur. The Pb isotopic compositions of most sulfide samples coincide with the alkali-rich porphyries in the region, indicating that the alkalic porphyries provided the main source of Pb. Combined with the zircon U-Pb age of the ore-bearing porphyry (ca. 35.0 Ma), the Bada deposit is defined as a porphyry Cu-Au deposit in a late-collisional setting. The study of the genesis of Bada provides a better understanding of the Cu-Au mineralization potential of the southern YPCB.

The Sanhe is a typical medium-size Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the Argun Massif, NE China. Its Pb-Zn-Ag orebodies are mainly hosted in the Jurassic Tamulangou Formation volcanic rocks. The orebodies occur as quartz vein clusters. The ore-forming quartz porphyry is LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dated to be 165.2 +/- 1.2 Ma, and the ore sphalerite yielded a Rb-Sr age of 162.5 +/- 4.3 Ma. These ages indicate that the Sanhe represents the oldest Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization in the Argun Massif. Combined with published age data, the Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization of the Argun Massif occurred in three phases at ca. 160 Ma, 140 Ma and 130 Ma. The quartz porphyry shows right-inclining REE ((La/Yb)(N) = 22.92-40.69) patterns and negative Eu anomalies (delta Eu = 0.68-0.81), together with enrichments in K, La, Ce, Nd, Zr and Hf but depletions in Ba, Ta, Nb, Sr, P and Ti. Whole-rock geochemistry and Hf isotopes suggest that the quartz porphyry was derived from partial melting of juvenile lower crustal materials during the post-collision extension of the Mongol-Okhotsk orogenic belt. Sulfide S-Pb isotope compositions indicate that the ore-forming materials were derived from the deep magma, whilst He isotopes indicate that the ore fluids were dominantly crustal-derived. Fluid chemical compositions obtained from LA-ICP-MS single fluid inclusion analyses support that mixing of magmatic fluids with meteoric water was an important mineralization trigger at Sanhe. Our new data show that the involvement of unusually metal-rich fluids is a prerequisite to form abundant Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization at Sanhe.